{"id":62654,"date":"2021-04-29T03:03:19","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T08:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654"},"modified":"2021-04-29T03:03:19","modified_gmt":"2021-04-29T08:03:19","slug":"william-saroyanin-ilk-romani-insanlik-komedisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654","title":{"rendered":"William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019 sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mdan filizlenen bir roman. Fakat bu, onun sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut bir propaganda arac\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Beyza Ertem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son sayfas\u0131n\u0131 okuyup elinizden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anda, sevdiklerinize mektup yazmak istedi\u011finiz, onlara iyi haberler vermeyi arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir kitap okudunuz mu hi\u00e7? Saroyan\u2019\u0131n roman\u0131 \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019, b\u00f6yle kitaplardand\u0131r. Fakat bu romandaki telgraflar, bir aile i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemde olabilecek en k\u00f6t\u00fc haberleri i\u00e7erir: \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc, haneden eksilenleri, kay\u0131plar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019, \u00f6mr\u00fcne \u00f6yk\u00fc, roman ve oyun t\u00fcr\u00fcnde onlarca kitap s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131. Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda hayat bulan hik\u00e2yede, sava\u015f\u0131 bir fon olarak kullan\u0131p Ithaca\u2019daki ya\u015fam\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor Saroyan. Roman\u0131n ba\u015fki\u015fisi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Homer\u2019\u0131n yeni i\u015fi \u2018telgraf habercili\u011fi\u2019 \u00fczerinden ve diyaloglar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararlanarak, bir kasaban\u0131n, bir ailenin ve sava\u015f\u0131n portresini \u00e7iziyor. \u0130nsan\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca samimi ve hakiki bi\u00e7imde anlatan, mayas\u0131nda saf iyilik ve sevgi bulunan klasik bir Saroyan kitab\u0131 diyebiliriz \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019 i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Beril Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7evirisiyle Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kan kitab\u0131n Aziz G\u00f6kdemir taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi \u00dczerine\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde belirtildi\u011fi gibi, bu roman\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 bir hik\u00e2yesi var: 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda MGM film \u015firketi Saroyan\u2019dan bir \u2018film \u00f6zeti\u2019 ister. Bu film, sava\u015f\u0131n halk \u00fczerindeki tesirini ortaya koyan, seyircinin h\u0131zl\u0131ca benimseyebilece\u011fi bir film olacakt\u0131r. Saroyan\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hik\u00e2ye senaryola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, bir yandan da yazar taraf\u0131ndan romanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019, filmi roman\u0131ndan \u00f6nce muhatab\u0131yla bulu\u015fan bir esere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Fakat (Oscar \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc) senaryoda Saroyan\u2019\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden de\u011fi\u015fiklikler vard\u0131r ve yazar eserinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 devralmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalar. \u201cSaroyan, sonradan sava\u015f hizmetinde kullan\u0131lacak bir yap\u0131ta kaynakl\u0131k etti\u011fi i\u00e7in kendisini ele\u015ftirecektir.\u201d (s. 10)<\/p>\n

\u2018BU H\u0130K\u00c2YE TAKUH\u0130 SAROYAN \u0130\u00c7\u0130N\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roman\u0131n bir de Meg Ryan-Erik Jendresen uyarlamas\u0131 mevcut. Do\u011frudan olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amerikan kasabas\u0131 \u2018Ithaca\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131yla ve \u2018dram\u2019 etiketiyle seyircisiyle bulu\u015fan filmin senaryosu Erik Jendresen imzas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor; y\u00f6netmeni ise Meg Ryan. Alex Neustaedter, Jack Quaid, Meg Ryan, Sam Shepard, Hamish Linklater ve Tom Hanks gibi isimlerin hayat verdi\u011fi hik\u00e2ye, asl\u0131na neredeyse birebir sad\u0131k kal\u0131narak senaryola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6yle ki birka\u00e7 ayr\u0131nt\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, (ki bunlar aras\u0131nda en m\u00fchimi, abisi Marcus\u2019un Homer\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve kitapta bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz mektubun filmin belirli sahnelerinde par\u00e7a par\u00e7a okunmas\u0131d\u0131r) filmi kitapla birlikte takip etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6te yandan Saroyan\u2019\u0131n da kitab\u0131n\u0131 kurgularken beyaz perdeye aktarmaya ne derece uygun bir planda hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. 39 k\u0131sa b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fuyor \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019; bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde -yeni bir ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda- devam ediyor. Kimi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde yazar\u0131n kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan ve kabul g\u00f6ren \u2018Saroyanesque\u2019 tarzdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetsek de, romana bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Saroyan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fal \u00fcslubunu ve temel meselesinin her zaman \u2018insan\u2019 oldu\u011funu fark etmemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Yazar sava\u015f\u0131n haneler \u00fczerindeki tesirini anlat\u0131rken bir yandan da Homer\u2019\u0131n geli\u015fimini, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc aktar\u0131yor okuruna. Bu noktada telgraf m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Thomas Spangler ve ya\u015fl\u0131 telgraf\u00e7\u0131 William Grogan\u2019\u0131n Homer ile kurdu\u011fu ileti\u015fimin ve Grogan ile Homer aras\u0131ndaki diyaloglar\u0131n, anlat\u0131da m\u00fchim bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim. \u00d6te yandan anlat\u0131mda belirgin bir canl\u0131l\u0131k var; \u00f6zellikle Homer\u2019\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi Ulysses\u2019in anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde onu hayal etmek, zihinde canland\u0131rmak olduk\u00e7a kolay.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk roman\u0131n\u0131 annesine ithaf etmi\u015f Saroyan. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere babas\u0131 Armenak Saroyan\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kaybeden yazar, karde\u015fleriyle birlikte bir yetimhaneye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve annesi Takuhi Saroyan\u2019\u0131n bir konserve fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015f bulmas\u0131yla onun yan\u0131na geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yetimhanede ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n izleri kitaplar\u0131na da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saroyan\u2019daki bu \u2018ebeveyn\/aile\u2019 krizine, \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019nde de rastl\u0131yoruz. Ba\u015fki\u015fi Homer\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Marcus\u2019un sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndaki arkada\u015f\u0131 Tobey yetimhanede b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131yor romanda. Bunlarla birlikte Saroyan\u2019\u0131n annesine ithaf\u0131nda \u2018dil\u2019 \u00fczerine kurdu\u011fu c\u00fcmleler, aile tarihinin orta yerinde duran g\u00f6\u00e7 ger\u00e7e\u011fini i\u015faret ediyor. \u2018Bu Hik\u00e2ye Takuhi Saroyan \u0130\u00e7in\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 giri\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n

\u201cSen \u0130ngilizce\u2019yi Ermenice kadar iyi okuyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Ermenice gibi tad\u0131na varamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n, bense Ermenice\u2019yi ne okuyabildi\u011fim ne de yazabildi\u011fim i\u00e7in, \u00fcmidimizi iyi bir \u00e7evirmene ba\u011flamaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7aremiz yok. Her ne hal ise, bu hik\u00e2ye senin i\u00e7in yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Umar\u0131m be\u011fenirsin. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar yal\u0131n olsun, sana ve ailemize mahsus ciddiyetle u\u00e7ar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olsun istedim. Hik\u00e2ye yetmeyecek biliyorum, ama ne yapal\u0131m! Sana yeterli gelecektir eminim; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onu o\u011flun yazd\u0131, \u00fcstelik de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iyi niyetle.\u201d (s. 13)<\/p>\n

B\u0130R MOZA\u0130K: \u0130NSAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019 sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mdan filizlenen bir roman. Fakat bu, onun sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut bir propaganda arac\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Romanda top-t\u00fcfek seslerini de\u011fil, kasabadaki hanelerin sessizli\u011fini dinliyoruz. Alelade bir an par\u00e7as\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor kitap, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ulysses\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 merak dolu gezintilerden biriyle. Fakat bu gezinti k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, bir y\u00fck treninden kendisine el sallayan \u2018zenci\u2019 sayesinde, Ulysses i\u00e7in e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir deneyime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u2018My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night!\u2019 \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi duyulan bu adam, sesleniyor k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ulysses\u2019e: \u201cEvime gidiyorum evlat. Ait oldu\u011fum yere d\u00f6n\u00fcyorum!\u201d (s. 16) Saroyan \u2018klasik\u2019 bir anlat\u0131c\u0131 gibi sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 betimleyerek de\u011fil; bu sahneyle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocuk ile evine d\u00f6nen bir adam\u0131n birbirlerine uzaktan fakat bir o kadar da kalpten temas\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yor roman\u0131na. Sava\u015f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2018eve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u2019 imgesiyle hissettiriyor.<\/p>\n

Hik\u00e2yeye k\u0131saca bakal\u0131m: Homer Macauley, 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk. Babas\u0131n\u0131 yitirdikten ve a\u011fabeyi Marcus sava\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00f6reve gittikten sonra (ablas\u0131 Bess, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi Ulysses ve annesinden olu\u015fan) ailesinin sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenerek telgrafhanede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Fakat gece yar\u0131s\u0131 kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygu durumlar\u0131na \u015fahitlik ettik\u00e7e, hem yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe bamba\u015fka bir g\u00f6zle bakmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor hem de Saroyan\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye\u2019. Okulda da farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocuk olan Homer, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u2018g\u00f6rmeye\u2019, onu \u00e7evresindekilerden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde alg\u0131lamaya meyilli. Ki Saroyan onun bu i\u015ften \u00f6nce de farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocuk oldu\u011funu bize en ba\u015ftan hissettiriyor. Bu noktada roman\u0131n \u2018Bayan Hicks\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve Homer ile \u00f6\u011fretmeni aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en konu\u015fma dikkate de\u011fer. Burada \u00f6\u011fretmenin dilinden d\u00f6k\u00fclenler ise Saroyan\u2019\u0131n \u2018insanc\u0131l\u2019 tavr\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan roman\u0131n en m\u00fchim k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u0131n\u0131f\u0131mdaki \u00e7ocuklar insansa e\u011fer, onlar\u0131n birbirinin t\u0131pat\u0131p benzeri bir insanl\u0131k sergilemelerini istemem. F\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, birbirlerinden ne bak\u0131mlardan ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 benim i\u00e7in fark etmez. Ben \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131n her birinin kendisi olmas\u0131n\u0131 isterim. (\u2026) Ben \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131n insan olmalar\u0131n\u0131 isterim. Her biri ayr\u0131, her biri \u00f6zel, her biri t\u00fcm \u00f6tekilerden ho\u015f ve heyecan verici bir farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip\u2026 (\u2026) Ger\u00e7ekten insan olmaya ancak, birbirinize besledi\u011finiz do\u011fal nefrete ra\u011fmen, birbirinize sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finiz zaman ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmesini isterdim.\u201d (s. 63)<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda insan\u0131n insana bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve Homer\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 olanca \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya koyan iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden daha s\u00f6z edebilirim. Bunlardan ilki, roman\u0131n \u2018Soyguncu\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 22. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. Burada, telgrafhane m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Spangler ve soyguncu aras\u0131ndaki diyaloglar, dikkatli okurun g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7mayacakt\u0131r. \u201cHerkes herkesi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor zaten, ben de seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ne fark eder. Beni de \u00f6ld\u00fcrecek olsalar umurumda de\u011fil,\u201d (s. 112) diyen soyguncunun asl\u0131nda neden telgrafhanede bulundu\u011fu ve amac\u0131n\u0131n soygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lana dek, biz okurlar Spangler\u2019\u0131n roman\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi saf iyilik fikrini temsil etti\u011fini fark ediyoruz. Ki Spangler, soyguncu i\u00e7in de d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temsil etmekte ve ona bu d\u00fcnyada ya\u015famak i\u00e7in bir neden vermekte:<\/p>\n

\u201cAnlayabilecek misiniz bilmem ama tabancayla buraya gelmemin nedeni, bu d\u00fcnyada bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na d\u00fcr\u00fcst davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum yeg\u00e2ne adam\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131rf d\u00fcr\u00fcst oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mi b\u00f6yle davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kesin olarak \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7indi. Bunun tesad\u00fcf olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in geldim. (\u2026) Ama sonra evden binlerce mil uzaktaki yabanc\u0131 bir \u015fehirde birdenbire d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir adama rastlad\u0131m. Huzurum ka\u00e7t\u0131. Uzun zaman bundan rahats\u0131z oldum. (\u2026) \u0130nanmak istiyordum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u0131llard\u0131r kendi kendime, \u2018D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yozla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir insan bulay\u0131m ki, ben de yozla\u015fmaktan kurtulay\u0131m; buna inanarak ya\u015fayabileyim,\u2019 diyordum.\u201d (s. 116-117)<\/p>\n

Bahsetti\u011fim ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise, \u2018Soyguncu\u2019yu takip eden \u2018Karabasan\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Homer\u2019\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcklerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ezildi\u011fini anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir r\u00fcya sekans\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Homer\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne karabasan gibi \u00e7\u00f6ken varl\u0131k, t\u0131pk\u0131 kendisi gibi (hatta anlayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bizzat kendisi) bisikletli bir haberci. 200 metre al\u00e7ak engelli yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda umdu\u011funu bulamasa da kasabada \u2018h\u0131z\u0131yla\u2019 \u00fcnlenen Homer, bu haberciye yeti\u015fmek, onun kasabaya giri\u015fine engel olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abal\u0131yor; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun bir \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcm habercisi\u2019 oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda. \u015e\u00f6yle diyor anlat\u0131c\u0131: \u201cD\u00fcnyada hi\u00e7bir \u015fey onun Ithaca\u2019ya varmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemekten daha \u00f6nemli de\u011fildi.\u201d (s. 121) Bu c\u00fcmle, Homer\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi yaln\u0131zca \u00f6l\u00fcm habercili\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, asl\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 telgraflar\u0131 engellemek istedi\u011finin bir ispat\u0131 niteli\u011finde. Nihayetinde yeti\u015fkinlerin \u00fcstlenebilece\u011fi bir g\u00f6revi var Homer\u2019\u0131n, hatta romanda telgrafhanede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in asl\u0131nda 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de \u00f6zellikle vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130NSAN OLAN H\u0130\u00c7 K\u0130MSE BEN\u0130M D\u00dc\u015eMANIM OLAMAZ\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Romanda Homer\u2019\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimini g\u00fcnbeg\u00fcn takip etmemizi sa\u011flayan, onun d\u00fcnyaya, sava\u015fa ve insana bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan k\u0131s\u0131mlar, genellikle Homer ile gece boyunca onu bekleyen annesi aras\u0131ndaki konu\u015fmalara dayanmakta. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir sabah, \u00f6nceki gece i\u015ften d\u00f6nerken bir anda a\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, oysa d\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsediyor Homer. Kasabaya uzaktan bakmay\u0131 ba\u015faracak kadar olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Ithaca\u2019n\u0131n insanlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flayan, onlar i\u00e7in dertlenen ve dua eden bir \u00e7ocuktur art\u0131k. \u0130nsan\u0131n ke\u015ffetti\u011fi her \u015feyin k\u00f6t\u00fc yahut ac\u0131 oldu\u011funa inanmaktad\u0131r. Annesinin s\u00f6zleri ise hem Homer i\u00e7in bir tesellidir hem de Saroyan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa dokunu\u015fudur:<\/p>\n

\u201cBir insan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131na g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kmemi\u015fse, yar\u0131m insand\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u0131st\u0131rap hi\u00e7 eksilmeyecek. Bunu bilmek yeise kap\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektirmez. \u0130yi bir insan ac\u0131lar\u0131 hafifletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ak\u0131ls\u0131z insan kendi ac\u0131lar\u0131ndan ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 fark etmez bile. Zavall\u0131, talihsiz, k\u00f6t\u00fc insan ise ac\u0131y\u0131 her gitti\u011fi yere yayarak daha da derinle\u015ftirir.\u201d (s. 142-143)<\/p>\n

Saroyan, sava\u015f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu yaln\u0131zca d\u00fc\u015fmana y\u00fcklemiyor, hatta \u2018d\u00fc\u015fman\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7ini oyuyor. Bunu, Marcus\u2019un Homer\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupla yap\u0131yor. Roman boyunca telgraflarla ve kasabada g\u00f6r\u00fclen askerlerle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissettirilen sava\u015f, bu mektupla birlikte ne sebebi ne sonucu\/ne galibi ne ma\u011fduru olan bir sorunsala d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Marcus\u2019un s\u00f6zleri, 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne, ne u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele etti\u011fini bilmeyen gen\u00e7lerin manifestosu niteli\u011finde:<\/p>\n

\u201cSava\u015flara hi\u00e7 inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, gerekli olduklar\u0131nda bile sa\u00e7ma buldu\u011fum halde, \u015fimdi orduda olmaktan onur duyuyorum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir s\u00fcr\u00fc insan benim gibi sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7inde. (\u2026) Hi\u00e7bir d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 insan olarak kabul etmiyorum, zira insan olan hi\u00e7 kimse benim d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m olamaz. O her kim olursa olsun, benim dostumdur. (\u2026) Kendimi bir kahraman gibi hissetmiyorum. (\u2026) Kimseden nefret etmiyorum. \u00d6te yandan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yurtsever de de\u011filim. \u00dclkemi, insanlar\u0131n\u0131, \u015fehirlerini, evimi, ailemi her zaman sevdim. Ke\u015fke asker olmasayd\u0131m. Ke\u015fke sava\u015f olmasayd\u0131. Gelecekte beni neyin bekledi\u011fini bilmiyorum ama her ne olacaksa raz\u0131y\u0131m; haz\u0131r\u0131m gerekeni yapmaya.\u201d (s. 183)<\/p>\n

Saroyan incelikle kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131n finalinde \u2018tahmin edilebilir\u2019 olan\u0131 veriyor okuruna. Marcus ve arkada\u015f\u0131 Tobey aras\u0131ndaki diyaloglar ile Marcus\u2019un mektubu, asl\u0131nda bizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m sona haz\u0131rl\u0131yor. Roman\u0131n ele\u015ftiriye a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bu oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim. Kitab\u0131 okumam\u0131\u015f olanlar i\u00e7in fazla ipucu vermeden \u015funu da eklemek isterim: Son tahmin edilebilir olsa da Saroyan okurunu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmak istemi\u015f ve Bay Grogan\u2019\u0131n teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018son telgraf\u0131\u2019 metnine bir merak unsuru olarak yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f. Bu tercihiyle yazar, roman boyunca Homer \u00fczerinde tesiri olan, t\u0131pk\u0131 Spangler gibi \u2018saf iyiyi\u2019 temsil eden ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda Homer\u2019\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fan Grogan\u2019\u0131n hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Ac\u0131ya yaslanan bir kitab\u0131n ad\u0131nda neden \u2018komedi\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer al\u0131r? Saroyan, sava\u015f\u0131n ve yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn insani duygular\u0131n ironisini yap\u0131yor roman\u0131nda. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya Saroyan\u2019\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k. Belki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ulysses kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011filiz, sevimli \u00e7ocuk \u00e7etelerinin kol gezdi\u011fi kasabalarda ya\u015fam\u0131yoruz. Belki telgraflar da yok art\u0131k, fakat k\u00f6t\u00fc haberler h\u00e2l\u00e2 var. \u0130nsan, kiniyle, d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131yla, h\u0131rs\u0131yla ya\u015famaya devam ediyor. Yine de\u2026 Saroyan\u2019\u0131n metninde i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, ac\u0131yla birlikte umut da var: \u2018\u0130yi insan\u2019 olman\u0131n umudu.<\/p>\n

\n

Gazete Duvar<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019 sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mdan filizlenen bir roman. Fakat bu, onun sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut bir propaganda arac\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Beyza Ertem Son sayfas\u0131n\u0131 okuyup elinizden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anda, sevdiklerinize mektup yazmak istedi\u011finiz, onlara iyi haberler vermeyi arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir kitap okudunuz mu hi\u00e7? Saroyan\u2019\u0131n roman\u0131 \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019, b\u00f6yle kitaplardand\u0131r. Fakat bu romandaki telgraflar, bir aile […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":62655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,70,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-makaleler","category-unluler"],"yoast_head":"\nWilliam Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019 sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mdan filizlenen bir roman. Fakat bu, onun sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut bir propaganda arac\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Beyza Ertem Son sayfas\u0131n\u0131 okuyup elinizden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anda, sevdiklerinize mektup yazmak istedi\u011finiz, onlara iyi haberler vermeyi arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir kitap okudunuz mu hi\u00e7? Saroyan\u2019\u0131n roman\u0131 \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019, b\u00f6yle kitaplardand\u0131r. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"\u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019 sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mdan filizlenen bir roman. Fakat bu, onun sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut bir propaganda arac\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Beyza Ertem Son sayfas\u0131n\u0131 okuyup elinizden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anda, sevdiklerinize mektup yazmak istedi\u011finiz, onlara iyi haberler vermeyi arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir kitap okudunuz mu hi\u00e7? Saroyan\u2019\u0131n roman\u0131 \u2018\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi\u2019, b\u00f6yle kitaplardand\u0131r. Fakat bu romandaki telgraflar, bir aile […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2021-04-29T08:03:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":658,"height":372,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/William-Saroyan.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi","datePublished":"2021-04-29T08:03:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654"},"wordCount":2498,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/William-Saroyan.png","articleSection":["Haberler","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","Makaleler","\u00dcnl\u00fcler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654","name":"William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/William-Saroyan.png","datePublished":"2021-04-29T08:03:19+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/William-Saroyan.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/04\/William-Saroyan.png","width":658,"height":372},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62654#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"William Saroyan\u2019\u0131n ilk roman\u0131: \u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedisi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62654"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62656,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62654\/revisions\/62656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/62655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}