{"id":62487,"date":"2021-04-19T06:19:01","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T11:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62487"},"modified":"2021-04-19T06:19:01","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T11:19:01","slug":"iki-dunya-arasinda-bir-huzur-duragi-sisli-rum-ortodoks-mezarligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62487","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ki d\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda bir huzur dura\u011f\u0131: \u015ei\u015fli Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131larca yap\u0131lan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131, Metamorfosis Kilisesi ve devasa \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla huzur veren bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi adeta.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ay\u00e7a Han<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giri\u015finde cemaatin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve se\u00e7kin \u00fcyelerinin, her biri, bir sanat eseri mahiyetinde olan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. (Foto\u011fraflar: Vedat Ar\u0131k)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cMezarl\u0131k bana huzur veriyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc zarar g\u00f6remeyece\u011finiz en kalabal\u0131k ortam buras\u0131.\u201d Beyo\u011flu\u2019nda yer alan Meryem Ana Kilisesi\u2019nin K\u0131demli Pederi Dimitri Mayo\u011flu, \u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor bu s\u00f6zleri.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu insan i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn, elemin ve yas\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan mezarl\u0131klar, \u015fehrin g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden ve karma\u015fas\u0131ndan uzakta bir huzur da bar\u0131nd\u0131rabiliyor i\u00e7inde. \u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131larca yap\u0131lan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131, Metamorfosis Kilisesi ve devasa \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla huzur veren bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi adeta.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

KOLERA SALGINININ ARDINDAN<\/h3>\n

Tarihini Peder Mayo\u011flu\u2019ndan dinledi\u011fimiz mezarl\u0131k, 1865 dolaylar\u0131nda Taksim\u2019den bug\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu \u015ei\u015fli\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Bu ta\u015f\u0131nma, ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan kolera salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kent sakinlerinin sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na kadar, b\u00f6lgenin Rum mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bug\u00fcn Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n biraz daha ilerisinde, Aya Triada Kilisesi ile Zapyon K\u0131z Lisesi\u2019nin arazisinde yer al\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca Kurtulu\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde de bir Rum Ortodoks mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyordu. Peder Mayo\u011flu\u2019nun aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nakli, Rum cemaatinin ve \u00f6zellikle Beyo\u011flu sakinlerinin ekonomik refah seviyesinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6neme denk geliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Zamanla Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00f6rkemli mezarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bug\u00fcn hemen giri\u015finde, sa\u011f ve sol taraflarda d\u00f6nemin banker ve t\u00fcccar ailelerinin an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131 bulunuyor. Arka taraflara do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e ekonomik durumu daha zay\u0131f olan ailelerin mezarlar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Peder Mayo\u011flu \u201cZaman i\u00e7erisinde bu ayr\u0131m kalk\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc zaten istanbul\u2019da Rum n\u00fcfus da azal\u0131yor\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 ve Antik Yunan tarz\u0131 eserleriyle neredeyse bir mimarl\u0131k ve heykel m\u00fczesi olan mezarl\u0131k, bug\u00fcn art\u0131k \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 gitgide azalan Rum Ortodoks Cemaati taraf\u0131ndan bir tarih park\u0131 olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

K\u0131demli Peder Dimitri Mayo\u011flu, \u015ei\u015fli Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Ay\u00e7a Han\u2019a anlatt\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

TANINMI\u015e SANAT\u00c7ILARIN EL\u0130NDEN<\/h3>\n

Mezarl\u0131ktaki an\u0131t mezarlar tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ediliyor. Eserleri Louvre M\u00fczesi\u2019ni s\u00fcsleyen Frans\u0131z heykelt\u0131ra\u015f Antonin Merci\u00e9, heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar Georgios Bonanos, Michael Tombros, Luigi Giona, aralar\u0131nda Atina Eski Meclis\u2019teki Kolokotronis heykelinin sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Lazaros Sochos ve Tekirda\u011f Meydan\u0131\u2019nda bulunan Atat\u00fcrk heykeli dahil T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir\u00e7ok heykelin yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olan Lazaros ve Theodoros Liritis karde\u015fler gibi Yunanistan Tinos Adas\u0131\u2019ndan pek \u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131, an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda\u2026<\/p>\n

Spiridon Raftopulos (sa\u011fda) ve Petro Raftopulos\u2019un an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131. Spiridon Raftopulos, 1870\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u0130stiklal Caddesi\u2019nde bulunan Odeon Tiyatrosu\u2019nda ilk sinema g\u00f6sterimini yapt\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

ZANN\u0130S VE ELEN\u0130 ANISINA<\/h3>\n

Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n meydan\u0131nda bulunan Metamorfosis Kilisesi, 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda, patrikhanenin izni ve Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in ferman\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Dimitrios, \u0130oannis ve Pavlos Stefanovik-Skili\u00e7is karde\u015flerin, ebeveynleri Zannis ve Eleni\u2019nin an\u0131s\u0131na yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarla in\u015fa ediliyor. Peder Mayo\u011flu, d\u00f6nemin kilise in\u015falar\u0131 ile ilgili \u015fu bilgileri veriyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde kilise in\u015fa etmenin tek yolu var, o tek yolda baz al\u0131nan tarih, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi. Kilise in\u015fa edece\u011finiz yerde fetih \u00f6ncesi kilise kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kiliseyi b\u00fcy\u00fctmek istedi\u011finizi s\u00f6yleyeceksiniz. Tanzimat sonras\u0131 bu kural kalk\u0131yor, mezarl\u0131ktaki kilise de Tanzimat sonras\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir kilise. Genelde \u0130stanbul\u2019da kubbeli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz t\u00fcm kiliseler Tanzimat sonras\u0131 kilisesi, Tanzimat evveliyat\u0131nda kubbeli kilise in\u015fa etmek yasak, yak\u0131ndaki camiden daha g\u00f6rkemli kiliseler in\u015fa etmek de yasak. Tanzimat \u00f6ncesi kiliseleri ziyaret ederseniz, kiliseler d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7eride oldu\u011fundan daha al\u00e7ak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Genelde yol seviyesinden \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt basamak inerek girilir, bunun sebebi de y\u00fcksekli\u011fi kazanmak i\u00e7in taban\u0131n al\u00e7alt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fckseklik de yasak.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Metamorfosis Kilisesi\u2019nin in\u015fa projesi, \u0130stanbul\u2019un se\u00e7kin mimarlar\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z as\u0131ll\u0131 Alexandre Vallaury\u2019e veriliyor.<\/p>\n

Vallaury\u2019nin eserleri aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi, Pera Palas Oteli, Karak\u00f6y\u2019deki Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fckada Yetimhanesi, Haydarpa\u015fa\u2019daki Marmara \u00dcniversitesi, Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi ve Bo\u011faz\u2019daki \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00f6\u015fk ve yal\u0131lar yer al\u0131yor. Kilisenin d\u0131\u015f cephe mozaikleri ise Frans\u0131z ressam, konservat\u00f6r, mozaik uzman\u0131 ve sanat \u00f6\u011fretmeni Pretextat Lecomte taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Peder Dimitri, mezarl\u0131ktaki kiliselerle \u015fehir i\u00e7lerinde bulunan kiliselerin fark\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eehir i\u00e7inde bulunan cemaat kiliselerinden fark\u0131, ekseriyetle cenaze t\u00f6renlerinin yap\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131. Her kilise bir azize, bir olaya veya bir mucizeye ithaf edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kilise Metamorfosis\u2019e yani \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in hayattayken g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckseli\u015fi, tanr\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi olay\u0131na ithaf ediliyor. 6 A\u011fustos\u2019ta kutlan\u0131yor ve sadece o g\u00fcn ayin yap\u0131l\u0131yor cenazeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. D\u0131\u015far\u0131daki mozaikler de aile fertlerinin azizlerinin mozaikleri.\u201d<\/p>\n

ACI HATIRALAR DA VAR<\/h3>\n

Bu huzur veren, g\u00f6rkemli mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihinde derin yaralar da yat\u0131yor. 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rum n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki mezarl\u0131k, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131nda kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yor. \u00c7ok say\u0131da an\u0131t mezar ve kemik muhafaza odas\u0131 zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, meydanda yer alan kilise ise yak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kemik muhafaza odas\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

Peder Dimitri, ya\u015fananlar\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi bir vandalizm yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mezarlar k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, kilise yak\u0131ld\u0131, kemikhaneden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kemikler kilisenin giri\u015findeki meydana toplan\u0131p ate\u015fe verildi. Yeni defnedilmi\u015f cenazeler mezarlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7lara as\u0131ld\u0131, tecav\u00fcz edildi. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n izlerini de h\u00e2l\u00e2 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Etrafta h\u00e2l\u00e2 k\u0131r\u0131k mezarlar var o d\u00f6nemden. Sahipsiz olanlar\u0131 veyahut k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda olanlar\u0131 cemaat zaman i\u00e7erisinde kendisi toparlam\u0131\u015f ama baz\u0131 mezar sahipleri \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetleri de oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in el s\u00fcr\u00fclmesini istememi\u015f veya izin vermemi\u015f, tabii ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 de yetmedi. Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu Beyo\u011flu Rum Ortodoks Kiliseleri ve Mektepleri Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Kira gelirleri var ama zaman i\u00e7erisinde kaybedilmi\u015f birtak\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar da var, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gelirler azald\u0131. Cemaatin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yine gelirlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na sebep\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm tarihi 31 Mart 1909 olan Osmanl\u0131 Pa\u015fas\u0131 Spataris Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n mezar ta\u015f\u0131nda \u201c31 Mart\u2019ta vatan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehit oldu\u201d yaz\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n

KAPIYI \u00c7ALAN HERKESE A\u00c7IK<\/h3>\n

\u015ei\u015fli Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ASCE (Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6nemli Mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 Derne\u011fi) taraf\u0131ndan Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli mezarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131. Hem T\u00fcrkiye hem de d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bu mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131, sabah 09.00 ve ak\u015fam 17.00 saatleri aras\u0131nda, kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7alan herkese a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/iki-dunya-arasinda-bir-huzur-duragi-sisli-rum-ortodoks-mezarligi-1828496<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131larca yap\u0131lan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131, Metamorfosis Kilisesi ve devasa \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla huzur veren bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi adeta.\u00a0 Ay\u00e7a Han Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giri\u015finde cemaatin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve se\u00e7kin \u00fcyelerinin, her biri, bir sanat eseri mahiyetinde olan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. (Foto\u011fraflar: Vedat Ar\u0131k) \u201cMezarl\u0131k bana huzur veriyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc zarar g\u00f6remeyece\u011finiz en kalabal\u0131k ortam buras\u0131.\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":62488,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-istanbul","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ki d\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda bir huzur dura\u011f\u0131: \u015ei\u015fli Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=62487\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ki d\u00fcnya aras\u0131nda bir huzur dura\u011f\u0131: \u015ei\u015fli Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki Rum Ortodoks Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131larca yap\u0131lan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131, Metamorfosis Kilisesi ve devasa \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla huzur veren bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi adeta.\u00a0 Ay\u00e7a Han Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giri\u015finde cemaatin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve se\u00e7kin \u00fcyelerinin, her biri, bir sanat eseri mahiyetinde olan an\u0131t mezarlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 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