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Mustafa Kemal, \u2018Suphi\u2019den kurtulmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir plan\u2019 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verir. 18-19 Ocak 1921 tarihinde \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu\u2019nun b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 telgraf ba\u015f\u0131nda izler.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Kaz\u0131m G\u00dcNDO\u011eAN<\/strong><\/p>\n ARTI GER\u00c7EK- 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 16 kom\u00fcnist!..<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi ve 15 yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, Kemalistlerin merkezi bir plan\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmesinin ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fturulur ve daha sonra 15\u2019i de Karadeniz\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu trajedi 100 y\u0131ld\u0131r ger\u00e7ek boyutlar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fil ve bir enkaz olarak omuzlar\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n En \u00f6nemli ve utan\u00e7 verici olan da \u015fudur: TKP ve M. Suphilerden bahsedilirken Maria\u2019n\u0131n unutulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu kabul edilemez buluyor ve bu nedenle \u201c16 Kom\u00fcnist\u201d olarak her yerde d\u00fczeltilerek yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyorum.<\/p>\n Kemalistler bu politik cinayetle Kom\u00fcnistlere kar\u015f\u0131 tutumunu son derece a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak devrim, sosyalizm ve kom\u00fcnizm ad\u0131na yola \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n bu net tutumu g\u00f6rmek istememeleri ve Kemalizmden devrimcilik, ilericilik \u00fcretme \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir trajediye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve Kom\u00fcntern\u2019in pragmatik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 olan ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin kom\u00fcnistlerine en iyi \u00f6rnek M. Suhpi ve TKP olsa gerek\u2026<\/p>\n TKP (T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi) Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi Ahmet Kardam ile Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin biyografisi, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan Kom\u00fcnistli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistler ve Bol\u015feviklerle ili\u015fkisini, Kemalistlerle yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n katledilmesinde M. Kemal\u2019in do\u011frudan rol\u00fcn\u00fc, Sovyetlerin ve Kom\u00fcntern\u2019in sessizli\u011fini, Ermeni ve T\u00fcrk kom\u00fcnistlerin ili\u015fkileri ve Suphilerin devrim program\u0131 hakk\u0131nda uzunca bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00f6yle\u015finin kapsam\u0131 ve konular\u0131n detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in A. Kardam\u2019\u0131n \u201cMustafa Suphi; Karanl\u0131ktan Ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa\u201d kitab\u0131na bak\u0131labilir\u2026<\/p>\n \u2018BEN M\u0130R BED\u0130RHAN\u2019IN BE\u015e\u0130NC\u0130 KU\u015eAK TORUNUYUM. A\u0130LEMDE T\u00dcRK OLMADI\u011eINI, AMA BEN\u0130M KU\u015eA\u011eIMIN T\u00dcRK OLARAK YET\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130 ANCAK 50 YA\u015eIMA GELD\u0130\u011e\u0130MDE \u00d6\u011eRENEB\u0130LD\u0130M\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Sizi ki\u015fisel olarak tan\u0131makla ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Nas\u0131l bir aileden ve toplumsal ya\u015famdan geliyorsunuz? T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin (TKP) kurucusu ve ilk Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Suphi hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131p kitap yazd\u0131n\u0131z. Bu ilgi ve ili\u015fki hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6ylemek istersiniz?<\/p>\n Baba taraf\u0131m\u0131n anne taraf\u0131 K\u00fcrt ve Rum. Babaannemin annesi Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n torunu; b\u00f6ylece ben de Mir Bedirhan\u2019\u0131n be\u015finci ku\u015fak torunu oluyorum. Babaannemin babas\u0131 ise Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011finin kurulu\u015funda Osman Bey\u2019le i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olan Bizans tekfuru Mihal Bey\u2019in (K\u00f6se Mihal) soyundan gelen Mihalzade Ali Galip Pa\u015fa. Annem baba taraf\u0131ndan Bo\u015fnak, anne taraf\u0131ndan Abhaz. Ailemde T\u00fcrk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ama benim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131m\u0131n T\u00fcrk olarak yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fini ancak 50 ya\u015f\u0131ma geldi\u011fimde \u00f6\u011frenebildim. Bedirxan Beyin torunu oldu\u011fumu \u00f6\u011frenince Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivine girip Bedirxan Bey hakk\u0131nda 800 k\u00fcsur sayfa belgeyi inceleyerek iki cilt kitap yazd\u0131m. TKP\u2019nin kurucu ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Suphi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131n nedeni ise bu partinin \u00fcyesi olmam ve Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyeli\u011finde bulunmamd\u0131r. Yani kim oldu\u011fumu ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m, kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015fimle hesapla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n \u20181917 EK\u0130M DEVR\u0130M\u0130 SONRASINDA TAHL\u0130YE OLUNCA G\u0130TT\u0130\u011e\u0130 MOSKOVA\u2019DA RUSYA KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST PART\u0130S\u0130\u2019NE (BOL\u015eEV\u0130K) \u00dcYE OLUR\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi ve TKP T\u00fcrkiye sosyalist ve kom\u00fcnist hareketi i\u00e7in bir milat olarak kabul edilir. Siz \u201cMustafa Suphi; Karanl\u0131ktan Ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131zla kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131n\u0131z. Kimdir Mustafa Suphi? Nas\u0131l bir aileden geliyordu? D\u00f6nemin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n neresinde yer al\u0131yordu? Kom\u00fcnist fikirlerle tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 ve parti kurma s\u00fcrecine kadar olan geli\u015fimini anlat\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi 1879 veya 1882 Giresun do\u011fumludur. Buna g\u00f6re, 28\/29 Ocak 1921 gecesi Karadeniz\u2019de katledildi\u011finde 40 ya\u015f\u0131na yeni girmi\u015f \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 bir insand\u0131. Babas\u0131 Erzurum, Konya, Kud\u00fcs, \u015eam, Edirne gibi vilayetlerde mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131k ve valilik yapm\u0131\u015f Mevlevizade Ali R\u0131za Efendi; annesi ise Samsun e\u015fraf\u0131ndan, Belediye Reisi Halil Hilmi Efendi\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 Memnune Han\u0131md\u0131r. Suphi ilk e\u011fitimini babas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi gere\u011fi bulundu\u011fu Kud\u00fcs ve \u015eam\u2019da, orta ve lise e\u011fitimini Erzurum\u2019da, y\u00fcksek e\u011fitimini \u0130stanbul Hukuk Mektebi\u2019nde tamamlam\u0131\u015f, 1907\u2019de doktoras\u0131n\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere Paris\u2019e gitmi\u015ftir. 1908 \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet Devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde Paris\u2019te \u00f6\u011frenci ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00f6nce yanda\u015f\u0131, sonra \u00fcyesidir.<\/p>\n 1910\u2019da doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayarak \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6ner, Y\u00fcksek Ticaret Mektebi\u2019nde, Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu\u2019nda ve Galatasaray Mekteb-i Sultanisi\u2019nde hukuk, ekonomi ve sosyoloji dersleri verir. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin 1911 sonbahar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kongresinde delegedir. Ama ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda bu cemiyetten ayr\u0131l\u0131r, T\u00fcrk Yurdu dergisi ve T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresiyle yak\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r, Rusya\u2019daki 1907 gericili\u011finden ka\u00e7arak \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Tatar Yenilenmeci (Cedid) hareketine mensup Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura, Ahmet Agayef, Sadri Maksudi gibi ayd\u0131nlarla ili\u015fki kurar, onlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden etkilenir. Temmuz 1912\u2019de kurulan, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019ye muhalif Milli Me\u015frutiyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015funda yer al\u0131r, bu partinin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u0130fham gazetesinin sorumlu yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapar.<\/p>\n \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin y\u00f6netime el koydu\u011fu B\u00e2b-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00ee bask\u0131n\u0131ndan 4,5 ay sonra sadrazam Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bahanesiyle t\u00fcm muhalif ayd\u0131nlarla birlikte Mustafa Suphi de 18 Haziran 1913 g\u00fcn\u00fc Sinop\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Bir y\u0131l kadar sonra Sinop\u2019tan ka\u00e7arak Sivastopol\u2019a, oradan Bak\u00fc ve Batum\u2019a gider. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte \u00f6nce Kaluga\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir, ard\u0131ndan 1915 sonbahar\u0131nda Uralsk esir kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n Bir yandan esir kamp\u0131ndaki a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi, \u00f6te yandan Kazan merkezli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistlerin esir kamp\u0131na sokabildi\u011fi yay\u0131n organ\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle sosyalizmi benimser. 1917 Ekim Devrimi sonras\u0131nda tahliye olunca gitti\u011fi Moskova\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nde, esas olarak T\u00fcrk sava\u015f esirlerine y\u00f6nelik olarak Yeni D\u00fcnya gazetesini \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flar ve o arada Rusya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ne (Bol\u015fevik) \u00fcye olur.<\/p>\n \u2018PART\u0130 PROGRAMI\u2019NDA: (A) T\u00dcRKLER\u0130N SAH\u0130P OLDUKLARI AYRICALIKLARIN KALDIRILMASI; (B) \u201cH\u00dcR M\u0130LLETLER\u0130N H\u00dcR B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130\u201d TEMEL\u0130NDE FEDERAT\u0130F DEVLET B\u0130\u00c7\u0130M\u0130N\u0130N KABUL\u00dc; (C) AYRILMA HAKKININ TANINMASI H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130 YER ALIR. BU PROGRAM SUPH\u0130\u2019N\u0130N T\u00dcRK\u0130YE KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST HAREKET\u0130NE BIRAKTI\u011eI M\u0130RASIN EN \u00d6NEML\u0130 UNSURLARINDAN B\u0130R\u0130D\u0130R\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla belge var, ama bunlar\u0131n gereken dikkat ve \u00f6zenle incelendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gerek resmi tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda gerekse sosyalist tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mustafa Suphi nas\u0131l anlat\u0131lmakta ve anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r? S\u00f6zgelimi; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc\u201d hatta \u201c\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131\u201d oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeler. Buna birka\u00e7 neden g\u00f6sterilmektedir: Birincisi; onun \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyet i\u00e7inden gelmesi\u2026 \u0130kincisi; Osmanl\u0131 Ermeni Kom\u00fcnistleri (H\u0131n\u00e7ak Partisi, Paramaz ve yolda\u015flar\u0131) ile ili\u015fkisinin olmamas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc; 1915 S\u00fcryani, Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve 1919 Rum Pontus soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konular\u0131nda bilinen bir tavr\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131\u2026 Bu ele\u015ftirilerin do\u011fru yanlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz? De\u011filse neden?<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da belge oldu\u011fu ama bunlar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan gereken dikkat ve \u00f6zenle incelenmedi\u011fi bi\u00e7imindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenize kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Bu dikkatsizlik ve \u00f6zensizli\u011fin Mustafa Suphi konusunda yanl\u0131\u015f kanaatlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunlardan birincisi, onun \u201c\u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ve milliyet\u00e7i oldu\u011fu\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki iddiad\u0131r. \u0130kincisi ise 1920 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye M. Kemal\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cicazet\u201dle d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve amac\u0131n\u0131n M. Kemal\u2019le \u201ci\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d yapmak oldu\u011fu, M. Kemal\u2019e \u201cg\u00fcvendi\u011fi\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dayanaktan yoksun iddialard\u0131r. \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d, \u201cmilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d, \u201c\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d gibi iddialar konusunda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim:<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi 1912 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti ve onun lider ve taraftarlar\u0131yla olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ili\u015fkisini koparm\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n her t\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. 1908-1911 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara muhalefet edenler aras\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan gelmeyen kim vard\u0131r ki! \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti Osmanl\u0131 siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, T\u00fcrkiye siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Patlamas\u0131 (BigBang)\u201dd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi partilerin anas\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019dir.<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d ve \u201cmilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201d meselesine gelince\u2026 1915 \u00f6ncesinde, yani hen\u00fcz sosyalizmi benimsememi\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda, Mustafa Suphi \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d kimli\u011finin \u201cOsmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ile \u201c\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na, \u00f6ylelikle silikle\u015fip yok olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan millet ve milliyetleri gibi T\u00fcrklerin de bir milli uyan\u0131\u015f ya\u015famas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri itibariyle \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc\u201dyd\u00fc. Ama onun T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer etnisitelerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6ren \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, \u015foven-milliyet\u00e7i bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck de\u011fildi. Onun T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cminimalist\u201d veya \u201cdemokratik\u201d bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fc. T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi i\u00e7in hangi haklar\u0131 talep ediyorsa, ayn\u0131 haklar\u0131, ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer milletler ve milliyetler i\u00e7in de talep ediyordu. Osmanl\u0131 devletinin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in Araplar\u0131n, K\u00fcrtlerin, Ermenilerin \u00fcst\u00fcne s\u0131k s\u0131k seferler d\u00fczenlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00f6rt federatif b\u00f6lge ve bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde de ayr\u0131 \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeler kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 savunuyordu. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun Rumeli topraklar\u0131nda biri \u201cMakedonya\u201d, \u00f6tekisi \u201cArnavutluk\u201d olmak \u00fczere iki federatif b\u00f6lge; Anadolu\u2019da \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d ve Asya topraklar\u0131nda ise \u201cArabistan\u201d olmak \u00fczere iki federatif b\u00f6lge kurulmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Ermeni, K\u00fcrt, Laz gibi halklara da \u00f6zerklikler verilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu. Hem d\u0131\u015far\u0131da hem de imparatorluk i\u00e7inde huzur, istikrar ve bar\u0131\u015f ancak b\u00f6yle sa\u011flanabilirdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ger\u00e7ekleri yok say\u0131p Suphi\u2019nin \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savundu\u011funu iddia etmek ya bilgisizli\u011fin ya da art niyetin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olabilir. 1915 \u00f6ncesinde hen\u00fcz kom\u00fcnist olmayan Suphi\u2019nin o tarihlerde Osmanl\u0131 Ermeni kom\u00fcnistleriyle ili\u015fki kurmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 onun bir \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaz.<\/p>\n 1915 S\u00fcryani, Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve 1919 Rum Pontus soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konular\u0131nda bilinen bir tavr\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 meselesine gelince\u2026 Gerek Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekse Pontus Rum k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Rusya\u2019dad\u0131r. Pontus-Rum k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bilgisi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin herhangi bir veriye sahip de\u011filim. Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusu ise \u00f6zellikle 1918\u2019de, Bak\u00fc\u2019deki \u201cMart g\u00fcnleri\u201d olarak an\u0131lan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman katliam\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Yeni D\u00fcnya gazetesinde g\u00fcndem olur. Ayn\u0131 konu Temmuz 1918\u2019de Moskova\u2019da toplanan T\u00fcrk Sosyalistleri Konferans\u0131\u2019nda da g\u00fcndeme gelir. O konferansta Suphi, Ermeni kom\u00fcnistlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck umut ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Ermeni kom\u00fcnistleriyle birlikte hareket etmek gerekti\u011fini savunur. Konuya ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fma, Yeni D\u00fcnya gazetesinin sayfalar\u0131nda 1918 sonuna kadar s\u00fcrer. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Suphi\u2019nin, Ermeni sorununun nedenini Avrupal\u0131 emperyalist devletlerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve Ermenileri birbirilerine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ilk ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u201cErmeni burjuvazisi\u201d oldu\u011funu savundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Sorunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 elbette bug\u00fcn sahip oldu\u011fumuz bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok geridir. Ama Ermeni sorununu yaratan nedenler konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini de\u011fil de genel olarak ulusal sorunun pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik programatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bamba\u015fka bir tabloyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Gerek Temmuz 1918\u2019de Moskova\u2019da toplanan T\u00fcrk Sosyalistleri Konferans\u0131\u2019nda gerekse 1920 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde toplanan TKP\u2019nin kurulu\u015f kongresinde kabul edilen program tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Suphi, 1912-1913 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da savundu\u011fu \u201cfederatif devlet\u201d ilkesini delegelere kabul ettirmeyi ba\u015far\u0131r. 1920\u2019de kabul edilen Parti Program\u0131\u2019nda: (a) T\u00fcrklerin sahip olduklar\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; (b) \u201ch\u00fcr milletlerin h\u00fcr birli\u011fi\u201d temelinde federatif devlet bi\u00e7iminin kabul\u00fc; (c) ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yer al\u0131r. Bu program Suphi\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist hareketine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 miras\u0131n en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biridir. Ama \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer fikirleriyle birlikte, \u201ch\u00fcr milletlerin h\u00fcr birli\u011fi\u201d ilkesine dayal\u0131 bu \u201cfederatif cumhuriyet\u201d fikri de karart\u0131lacak, T\u00fcrk kom\u00fcnistlerinin belle\u011finden uzun y\u0131llar boyu silinecektir.<\/p>\n \u2018SUPH\u0130, M\u00dcSL\u00dcMAN KOM\u00dcN\u0130STLERLE UYUM HAL\u0130NDE, BOL\u015eEV\u0130K PART\u0130S\u0130\u2019NE PROGRAMAT\u0130K OLARAK BA\u011eLI AMA \u00d6RG\u00dcTSEL OLARAK \u00d6ZERK, AYRI B\u0130R KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST PART\u0130S\u0130 KURMAYA TE\u015eEBB\u00dcS EDER AMA BOL\u015eEV\u0130K PART\u0130S\u0130 \u0130Z\u0130N VERMEZ\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi gibi tarihsel ve siyasal bir ki\u015filik i\u00e7in merak edilen en \u00f6nemli noktalardan biri de \u015fudur: O\u2019nun gerek Kom\u00fcnist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin \u015fekillenmesinde, gerekse TKP\u2019nin kurulu\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Rusya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin (Bol\u015fevik) ve Lenin\u2019in etkisi, rol\u00fc veya ili\u015fkilerinin niteli\u011fi konusudur. Bilinenlerin aksine, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131zda nas\u0131l bir tablo g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin kom\u00fcnist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri benimsemesinde ve 1918 yaz\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kurmas\u0131nda Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019nin ve Lenin\u2019in dolays\u0131z bir etkisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kurulu\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1920 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131ndan Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcne kadar Bak\u00fc\u2019de s\u00fcren T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131nda, 750 ki\u015filik bir T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131l Alay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda ise Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019nin her bak\u0131mdan b\u00fcy\u00fck deste\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Suphi\u2019nin kom\u00fcnist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, 1915 sonbahar\u0131ndan 1917 Ekim Devrim\u2019ine kadar, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l boyunca kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Uralsk esir kamp\u0131nda benimsedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. O esir kamp\u0131na en yak\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck merkez Kazan\u2019d\u0131r. Kazan, 1917 Ekim\u2019ine kadar, Tatar Cedid hareketinin en \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biridir. 1917 \u015eubat devriminden sonra bu hareket, sosyalist devrimi destekleyenler ile destekleyemeyenler olarak ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mollanur Vahidov ile Sultan Galiyev\u2019in liderleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyalist devrimi destekleyen kanad\u0131n kurdu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Sosyalist Komitesi\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Bayrak gazetesinin Uralsk esir kamp\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Mustafa Suphi\u2019ye de ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Suphi\u2019nin Tatar Cedid hareketi i\u00e7indeki ayr\u0131\u015fmada sosyalist devrimi savunanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini benimsedi\u011fi, 1917 Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan tahliye oldu\u011funda Moskova\u2019ya gidip, orada Mollanur Vahidov ve Sultan Galiyev\u2019in liderli\u011findeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistlerin egemen olduklar\u0131 Merkezi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Komitesi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya talip oldu\u011fu, Nisan 1918 Nisan\u2019\u0131ndan itibaren o komiteye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Yeni D\u00fcnya gazetesini \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1920 sonbahar\u0131na kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistlerle kader birli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Suphi, 1918 yaz\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistlerle uyum halinde, Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019ne programatik olarak ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00f6rg\u00fctsel olarak \u00f6zerk, ayr\u0131 bir kom\u00fcnist partisi kurmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs eder ama Bol\u015fevik Partisi b\u00f6yle \u00f6zerk bir parti kurulmas\u0131na izin vermez. Suphi, 1920 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ni (TKP) kuruncaya kadar, siyasi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Bol\u015fevik Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131, ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sultan Galiyev\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Halklar\u0131 Merkez B\u00fcrosu\u2019nun \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn arifesinde, Sultan Galiyev\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veda niteli\u011findeki mektubunda, 1918\u2019den 1920 sonbahar\u0131na kadarki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u201cortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u201dya at\u0131fta bulunarak, bundan dolay\u0131 Bol\u015fevik Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne de\u011fil Tatar kom\u00fcnistlerine te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmektedir.<\/p>\n \u2018BOL\u015eEV\u0130K PART\u0130S\u0130 VE KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST ENTERNASYONAL MUSTAFA SUPH\u0130 VE BERABER\u0130NDEK\u0130 15 YOLDA\u015eINI YALNIZ BIRAKMI\u015e, KARADEN\u0130Z\u2019DEK\u0130 KATL\u0130AM KAR\u015eISINDA SUSKUN KALMI\u015e VE KATL\u0130AM SONRASINDA MUSTAFA SUPH\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u00d6RG\u00dcTLED\u0130\u011e\u0130 TKP\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015e KONGRES\u0130N\u0130N YOK H\u00dcKM\u00dcNDE OLDU\u011eUNA KARAR VERM\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019deki kongresiyle T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi (TKP) kurulurken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nme karar\u0131 da al\u0131n\u0131r. San\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7en bir s\u00fcre\u00e7\u2026 Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Bol\u015feviklerle Kuva-yi Milliyeciler, Mustafa Suphiler ile Kuva-yi Milliyecilerin ili\u015fki ve \u00e7eli\u015fkileri incelendi\u011finde bu durumun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelme karar\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal ile Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019sinin TKP\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelme karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tutumu ne oldu?<\/p>\n Bu soruyu yan\u0131tlamaya sondan, yani Bol\u015fevik Partisi ile Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin ili\u015fkilerini ele almakla ba\u015flayay\u0131m. Suphi\u2019nin Bol\u015fevik Partisi ile ili\u015fkilerinde \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131lma vard\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki \u201cDo\u011fu sorunu\u201d ile ilgilidir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistlerle kader birli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olan Suphi, Sultan Galiyev\u2019le birlikte, Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019ni ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal\u2019i, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin kaderini \u201cBat\u0131 proletaryas\u0131ndan gelecek devrim\u201d umuduna ba\u011flay\u0131p Do\u011fu\u2019ya \u00f6nem vermemekle ele\u015ftirmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de Moskova\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen uluslararas\u0131 mitingde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201cYolda\u015f Lenin\u2019in Do\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015fan y\u00fcce \u00fcmit ve emelleri Asya\u2019n\u0131n hudutsuz \u00e7\u00f6llerinde kaybolup gitti; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bol\u015fevik Partisi Do\u011fu\u2019ya lay\u0131k olan \u00f6nemi vermedi.\u201d Do\u011fu sorununun bir ba\u015fka cephesi, uluslar\u0131n kendi kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netimin uygulamadaki tutumuydu. Suphi bu konuda da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kom\u00fcnistlerle birlikte Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netimini ele\u015ftiriyordu. \u201cDo\u011fu Sorunu\u201d konusundaki bu tutumu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netimindeki baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan \u201cmilliyet\u00e7ilik\u201dle su\u00e7lan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131, Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netiminin 1920\u2019nin bahar aylar\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye konusunda Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 pa\u015falar\u0131 muhatap almaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Suphi Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netiminin bu tutumunu sert bir bi\u00e7imde ele\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131n\u0131, Bol\u015fevik Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Kafkas B\u00fcrosu\u2019nun, Azerbaycan\u2019daki devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendisiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f Dr. Fuat (Sabit) ve sava\u015f esiri S\u00fcleyman Nuri gibi muhalif unsurlar\u0131 destekleyip Suphi\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netiminin Suphi\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zel olarak destekledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Fakat belirgin bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fla, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc engelleyici bir tutum ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez. Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f karar\u0131 Stalin\u2019in onay\u0131yla hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ne var ki, Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netimi ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mustafa Suphi\u2019yi ve beraberindeki 15 yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, Karadeniz\u2019deki katliam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda suskun kalm\u0131\u015f ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal y\u00f6netimi de katliam sonras\u0131nda Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi TKP\u2019nin kurulu\u015f kongresinin yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011funa karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin Kuvay-i Milliye hareketi ve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan \u201cMilli M\u00fccadele\u201d konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine gelince\u2026 Suphi 1919 bahar\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri destekler. Nisan 1920\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131ndan ve kendisinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nmek \u00fczere Bak\u00fc\u2019ye geli\u015finden sonra, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e bir kurye eliyle g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 15 Haziran 1920 tarihli bir mektupla, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nmesi durumunda kom\u00fcnistlerin yasal olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131n\u0131p tan\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorar. Mustafa Kemal bu mektuba verdi\u011fi 26 A\u011fustos 1920 tarihli yan\u0131tta, ne yap\u0131lacaksa h\u00fck\u00fcmet eliyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, kom\u00fcnistlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z faaliyet g\u00f6stermesinin uygun olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u201ctam yetkili bir heyetin\u201d bu ko\u015fulla Ankara\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmesini ister. Bu yan\u0131t T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019nin son g\u00fcnlerinde ula\u015f\u0131r. Ama partinin Merkez Komitesi Mustafa Kemal\u2019in yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 beklemeden, d\u00f6nme karar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan, kurulu\u015f kongresinin hemen ard\u0131ndan, 17 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihli toplant\u0131s\u0131nda zaten alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi, Kuvay-i Milliye\u2019nin toplumsal bile\u015fiminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de demokratik bir devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye, halka dayanan, halk\u0131 \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde s\u00f6z ve karar sahibi yapacak yerel meclislere dayal\u0131 bir demokratik devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Kom\u00fcnistlerin etkin m\u00fcdahalesi ve kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, kurulacak cumhuriyetin tepeden inme oligar\u015fik bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Kuvay-i Milliye\u2019nin zaferden sonra \u0130ngiltere ve di\u011fer \u0130tilaf Devletleriyle i\u015fbirli\u011f iyapaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeydi. O nedenle, TKP y\u00f6netiminin en k\u0131sa zamanda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nmesini, yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine aktif \u015fekilde kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, bu m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini, zaferden sonra, s\u0131ra cumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131na gelince, o s\u00fcre\u00e7te duruma m\u00fcdahale edebilecek g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, meclise girip sol kanad\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine fiilen kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ittifak\u0131na, halk\u0131n aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 alttan bir devrimle kurulacak, hen\u00fcz sosyalist olmayan ama halk\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na dayal\u0131 sosyalizme evrilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 da bar\u0131nd\u0131ran demokratik bir cumhuriyet kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 savunuyordu.<\/p>\n \u2018M. KEMAL\u2019\u0130N BU PLANA VERECE\u011e\u0130 ONAY BEKLEN\u0130RKEN, O ARADA ANKARA\u2019DA KOM\u00dcN\u0130STLERE KAR\u015eI OPERASYONLAR BA\u015eLAR. M. KEMAL\u2019\u0130N BU PLANI ONAYLAMASI \u00dcZER\u0130NE SUPH\u0130LERE Y\u00d6NEL\u0130K OPERASYONU 18 OCAK 1920 G\u00dcN\u00dc BA\u015eLATILIR. M. KEMAL \u201c\u00d6L\u00dcM YOLCULU\u011eU\u201dNUN B\u00dcT\u00dcN A\u015eAMALARINI TELGRAF BA\u015eINDA \u0130ZLER\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelme s\u00fcreci; yaz\u0131\u015fmalar, haz\u0131rl\u0131klar, beklentiler, hedefler, ama\u00e7lar\u2026 Ve bir kar\u015f\u0131 planla 16 Kom\u00fcnistin esir al\u0131narak 15\u2019inin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve Maria Suphi\u2019nin ise esir tutularak daha sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi var\u2026 Bu plan ve cinayette M. Kemal\u2019in rol\u00fc konusuna gelelim\u2026 Belgelerdeki hakikat nedir?<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin savundu\u011fu bi\u00e7imde, yerel meclislere dayal\u0131 demokratik bir cumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hayal de\u011fildi. Eyl\u00fcl 1920 ba\u015f\u0131nda mecliste, Mustafa Kemal\u2019i destekleyen mebuslar\u0131 muhalefette b\u0131rakabilecek say\u0131da mebusa sahip bir Halk\u00e7\u0131 Z\u00fcmresi vard\u0131. Bu z\u00fcmrenin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel meclislere dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren program meclisin onay\u0131n\u0131 alabilmi\u015fti. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in kendisine mal edip meclisten ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi 1921 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk temelleri Halk Z\u00fcmresi\u2019nin program\u0131yla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk Z\u00fcmresi\u2019nin arkas\u0131nda Ye\u015fil Ordu te\u015fkilat\u0131 vard\u0131r ve silahl\u0131 kuvvetlere sahip \u00c7erkez Ethem bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n mensubuydu. Ayr\u0131ca Ankara\u2019da, Ye\u015fil Ordu\u2019yla da ili\u015fkileri olan, Mustafa Suphi\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak kurulmu\u015f ama onun kurdu\u011fu TKP\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden bir Kom\u00fcnist Partisi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n M.Kemal Eyl\u00fcl 1920 ba\u015f\u0131nda bu bile\u015fenlerden olu\u015fan t\u00fcm muhalefeti tasfiye etmeye karar verir. Bu karar\u0131n ve plan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, 18 Ekim 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc kendi denetimi alt\u0131nda bir Kom\u00fcnist F\u0131rkas\u0131 kurdurur. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapacak olan Suphi ve beraberindekiler, Ankara\u2019daki kom\u00fcnist te\u015fkilat\u0131, Ye\u015fil Ordu Te\u015fkilat\u0131, \u00c7erkez Ethem, vb., yani t\u00fcm muhalefet bu Kom\u00fcnist F\u0131rkas\u0131na \u00fcye olmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lacak ve bu f\u0131rkayla birlikte hepsi tasfiye edilecektir.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi, \u00fc\u00e7 Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyesi ve di\u011fer heyet \u00fcyeleri, 19 Aral\u0131k 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc Bak\u00fc\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131karak 28 Aral\u0131k 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc Kars\u2019a var\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019e daha \u00f6nce verilen talimat, heyetin Ankara\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmesi \u015feklindedir. Fakat ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde \u00c7erkez Ethem\u2019in isyan edece\u011fi kesinlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O ko\u015fullarda M. Suphi ve beraberindekilerin Ankara\u2019ya gelmeleri \u201csak\u0131ncal\u0131\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131ndan planda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131l\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019e bir telgraf \u00e7ekerek M. Suphi\u2019nin ve heyetinin Ankara\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmemesi ve Sovyet Rusya\u2019y\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeyecek \u015fekilde \u201cSuphi\u2019den kurtulmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak uygun bir plan\u201d haz\u0131rlay\u0131p, onaylanmak \u00fczere kendisine sunulmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, Erzurum Valisi Hamit Bey\u2019le haberle\u015ferek b\u00f6yle bir plan haz\u0131rlayarak 5 Ocak 1921 g\u00fcn\u00fc M. Kemal\u2019in onay\u0131na sunar. Bu plan uyar\u0131nca M. Suphi ve beraberindekiler \u00f6nce Erzurum\u2019a g\u00f6nderilecekler; orada \u201chalk\u0131n\u201d \u015fiddetli protestosuyla kar\u015f\u0131lanmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanacak; Ankara\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmeyip Trabzon\u2019a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacaklar, yol boyunca protestolar s\u00fcrecek, a\u00e7 ve a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rak\u0131lacaklar; protestolar Trabzon\u2019da da s\u00fcrecek ve oradan denizyoluyla Batum\u2019a do\u011fru s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edileceklerdir. Erzurum\u2019dan Trabzon\u2019a uzanan bu g\u00fczerg\u00e2h tamam\u0131yla \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve Ermeni tehcirini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu co\u011frafya \u00fczerindedir. M. Suphi\u2019ye di\u015f bileyen Enverci \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek bu \u201cs\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d operasyonunun bir katliamla da sonu\u00e7lanabilece\u011fini hem plan\u0131 yapan Kaz\u0131m Karabekir hem Erzurum Valisi Hamit Bey ve ku\u015fkusuz M. Kemal gayet iyi bilmektedirler.<\/p>\n M. Kemal\u2019in bu plana verece\u011fi onay beklenirken, o arada Ankara\u2019da kom\u00fcnistlere kar\u015f\u0131 operasyonlar ba\u015flar. M. Kemal\u2019in bu plan\u0131 onaylamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Suphilere y\u00f6nelik operasyon 18 Ocak 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. M. Kemal, \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu\u201dnun b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 telgraf ba\u015f\u0131nda izler. 27 Ocak 1921 ak\u015fam\u0131 Trabzon\u2019a varan heyet, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 ve Enverci militan, kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar k\u00e2hyas\u0131 Yahya taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir motora bindirilerek Karadeniz\u2019e do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve Meclis bu katliam konusunda hi\u00e7bir soru\u015fturma a\u00e7maz. \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 maymun\u201d oynan\u0131r. \u00d6nce kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar k\u00e2hyas\u0131 Yahya, Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan, sonra Topal Osman da Ankara\u2019da \u00fczerine g\u00f6nderilen askeri birliklerle girdi\u011fi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu operasyonla e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak bir yandan \u00c7erkez Ethem, \u00f6te yandan Ankara\u2019daki kom\u00fcnistler ve Ye\u015fil Orducular, k\u0131sacas\u0131 Suphi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan t\u00fcm muhalefet de tasfiye edilir.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn olay eksiksiz bir \u201cderin devlet operasyonudur.\u201d Nas\u0131l ki \u201cr\u00fc\u015fvetin belgesi\u201d olmazsa, b\u00f6yle bir derin devlet operasyonunun belgesi hi\u00e7 olmaz; ama \u201cs\u0131r\u201d olan bir \u015fey de yoktur.<\/p>\n Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, tam da Suphi ve yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri tarihlerde, ba\u015fta \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere kapitalist d\u00fcnya ile bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek diplomatik ve ticari ili\u015fkiler kurma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi ve yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde Kuvay-i Milliyecilere tav\u0131r almayan bir Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi var. Bunun Kom\u00fcnistler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir utan\u00e7 ve enkaz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz? Bol\u015fevik Partisi \u201ciki Mustafa\u201d aras\u0131nda bir tercih mi yapt\u0131? Mustafa Suphi yerine Mustafa Kemal mi tercih edildi? B\u00f6yleyse neden?<\/p>\n Bol\u015fevik Partisi ile Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal y\u00f6netimlerini ve Sovyet Devleti\u2019nin Suphi\u2019nin ve beraberindeki 14 yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n katledilmesi ve e\u015fi Maria\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nce seks k\u00f6lesi yap\u0131l\u0131p sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda suskun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur. Bunun benim tespit edebildi\u011fim nedeni, arkas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m b\u0131rakarak sona ermi\u015f olan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n enkaz\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rabilmek amac\u0131yla, Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, tam da Suphi ve yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri tarihlerde, ba\u015fta \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere kapitalist d\u00fcnya ile bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131na imk\u00e2n verecek diplomatik ve ticari ili\u015fkiler kurma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalamak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sovyet Rusya\u2019ya dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015ful, \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aleyhinde propaganda ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 garantisini vermesidir. TKP\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nem, Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netiminin bu ko\u015fulu kabullenip \u0130ngiltere\u2019yle m\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Suphilerin katli kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki suskunlu\u011fun nedeni budur. Bu sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir trajedi de\u011fildir. Bi\u00e7imi ve zamanlamas\u0131 farkl\u0131 olmakla birlikte, \u00f6z\u00fc itibariyle ayn\u0131 trajedi \u0130ran\u2019da da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bol\u015fevik Partisi y\u00f6netiminin bu suskunlu\u011funu mazur g\u00f6sterecek bir gerek\u00e7esi olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. O nedenle, katliamdan hemen sonra Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin bir macerac\u0131 oldu\u011fu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nmeye kendi ba\u015f\u0131na karar verdi\u011fi, Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019nin bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe taraftar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve benzeri karalay\u0131c\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar \u00fcretilir. Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal y\u00f6netimi de Suphi\u2019nin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi TKP\u2019nin kurulu\u015f kongresini yok sayarak bu karartma \u00e7abas\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu karartman\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karanl\u0131k nedeniyle Suphi\u2019nin siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn politik hedefleri ve program\u0131 belleklerden silinir, bu mirastan geriye hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmaz.<\/p>\n \u2018MUSTAFA SUPH\u0130, LA\u0130KL\u0130\u011e\u0130 SAVUNAN ATE\u0130ST B\u0130R L\u0130DERD\u0130. AMA AYNI ZAMANDA \u0130SLAM\u2019LA BARI\u015eIK B\u0130R KOM\u00dcN\u0130STT\u0130. ONUN KAYBIYLA B\u0130RL\u0130KTE, T\u00dcRK\u0130YE KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST VE SOSYAL\u0130ST HAREKET\u0130 \u0130SL\u00c2M\u2019LA B\u0130R DAHA H\u0130\u00c7 BARI\u015eAMADI\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n 1915 Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve Paramazlar\u0131n idam edilmesi, 1919 Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve 1920 Mustafa Suphi ve yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 karanl\u0131k devlet akl\u0131yla katledilmesi bu \u00fclke halklar\u0131na ve tarihe nas\u0131l bir enkaz b\u0131rakt\u0131?<\/p>\n Ermeni kom\u00fcnistlerinin tarihini \u00f6zel olarak incelemi\u015f de\u011filim. Fakat Ermeni kom\u00fcnistlerini de i\u00e7eren tehcirin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n faturas\u0131 ortak vatan\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey kaybetti\u011fimiz Rum n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli. Bu soyk\u0131r\u0131mlarla Anadolu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 telafisi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z, \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plara u\u011frad\u0131. Bu kay\u0131plar\u0131n i\u00e7inde her iki halk\u0131n kom\u00fcnistlerinin bizzat kendileri, m\u00fccadeleleriyle yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferler de yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi\u2019yle birlikte kaybettiklerimiz konusunda daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015feyler s\u00f6yleyebilirim:<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi\u2019nin kayb\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek bir enternasyonalist politikac\u0131y\u0131 yitirmi\u015f olduk.<\/p>\n Suphi, emek\u00e7i halk\u0131 \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde s\u00f6z ve karar sahibi yapacak, do\u011frudan demokrasinin temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan yerel meclislere dayal\u0131, sosyalizme evrilme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip, demokratik bir halk cumhuriyetinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 savunuyordu. Onun kayb\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi bu vizyonu da kaybetti. Suphi\u2019nin kayb\u0131yla birlikte kom\u00fcnist-sosyalist hareket uzun y\u0131llar boyu Kemalizm\u2019in devrimcili\u011fini, \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famal\u0131 devrim modellerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131p durdu.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi, uluslar\u0131n kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131, \u201ch\u00fcr milletlerin h\u00fcr ittihad\u0131\u201d esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 \u201cFederatif bir Cumhuriyeti\u201d savunan bir liderdi. Onun bu y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn belleklerden silinmesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sembol\u00fc, TKP\u2019nin \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131na, A\u011fr\u0131 isyan\u0131na ve Dersim katliam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 tutumdur. Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusundaki suskunlu\u011funu da buna eklemek gerekir.<\/p>\n Mustafa Suphi, laikli\u011fi savunan ateist bir liderdi. Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130slam\u2019la bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir kom\u00fcnistti. Onun kayb\u0131yla birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye kom\u00fcnist ve sosyalist hareketi \u0130slam\u2019la bir daha hi\u00e7 bar\u0131\u015famad\u0131.<\/p>\n Katledilmeyip Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015fabilseydi ve Bol\u015fevik Partisinin ve Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fini alabilseydi, anti-kom\u00fcnizm daha en ba\u015ftan \u201cdevlet politikas\u0131\u201d haline gelmeyebilir, kom\u00fcnizm yasall\u0131\u011fa sahip olabilir, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc demokrat\/ilerici muhalefetin uzun y\u0131llar boyunca \u201ckom\u00fcnizm\u201d su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayabilirdi. Suphi\u2019nin kayb\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye, hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok dar bile olsa, birinci Meclis\u2019teki muhalefet yelpazesini ve o yelpazeyi geni\u015fletme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131, demokrasiyi, \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fu kaybetti.<\/p>\n \u2018MUSTAFA SUPH\u0130, T\u00dcRK\u0130YE KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST PART\u0130S\u0130\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015e KONGRES\u0130NE SUNDU\u011eU RAPORU OKURKEN KE\u015eKE \u201cB\u0130Z\u0130M BUG\u00dcN TUTTU\u011eUMUZ YOLDAN DAHA D\u00dcN OSMANLI ERMEN\u0130LER\u0130 Y\u00dcR\u00dcMEYE BA\u015eLAMI\u015eLARDI\u201d D\u0130YEB\u0130LSEYD\u0130!\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist hareketin tarihi Mustafa Suphilerle ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. Oysa daha \u00f6ncesinden ve ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde \u00f6nemli bir halka olan Paramazlar var. Birincisi; alternatif tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ne t\u00fcr olanaklar var? \u0130kincisi; Paramazlar ve Suphilerin miras\u0131 nedir ve nas\u0131l sahiplenilmelidir?<\/p>\n Bir \u00f6nceki soruda belirtti\u011fim gibi, Ermeni Kom\u00fcnistlerinin bu topraklardaki m\u00fccadelesi konusunda genelleme yapabilecek kadar bilgi sahibi de\u011filim. Hem Ermeni, hem Rum hem di\u011fer milletlerden kom\u00fcnistlerin bu topraklardaki m\u00fccadelelerinin tarihi \u00fczerinde de daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 var. Suphi konusunda sahiplenilecek ba\u015fl\u0131ca noktalara yukar\u0131da genel hatlar\u0131yla de\u011finmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu vesileyle 1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 15 Haziran\u2019\u0131nda, sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 saat 3.30\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da, Beyaz\u0131t Meydan\u0131\u2019nda 19 H\u0131n\u00e7ak Partisi \u00fcyesiyle birlikte idam edilirken, \u201cBedenimizi ortadan kald\u0131rabilirsiniz, fakat inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z sosyalizmi asla\u201d diye hayk\u0131ran Paramaz\u2019\u0131 (Madteos Sarkisyan) \u00f6zellikle anmak isterim. Mustafa Suphi 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019de, T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin kurulu\u015f kongresine sundu\u011fu raporu okurken ke\u015fke \u201cBizim bug\u00fcn tuttu\u011fumuz yoldan daha d\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131\u201d diyebilseydi! Onun sadece \u201cfederatif devlet bi\u00e7imini\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6ren program\u0131 de\u011fil, bu s\u00f6zleri de o de\u011ferli miras\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n AHMET KARDAM K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n Ahmet Kardam 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n 1969\u2019da ODT\u00dc \u0130dari \u0130limler Fak\u00fcltesi Ekonomi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden mezun oldu ve ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde asistanl\u0131k yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n 12 Mart 1971 askeri darbesi sonras\u0131nda siyasi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 olarak Hollanda\u2019ya gitti, g\u0131yab\u0131nda 10 y\u0131la mahk\u00fbm oldu.<\/p>\n 1974 genel aff\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u00c7evirmenlik, redakt\u00f6rl\u00fck, yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ve Politika gazetesinde genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmen yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesinin ard\u0131ndan Federal Almanya\u2019ya gitti. Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc g\u0131yab\u0131nda 7,5 y\u0131la mahk\u00fbm oldu.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 Berlin\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan T\u00fcrkiye Postas\u0131 gazetesinde genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmeni ve k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ile onun yerine kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Birle\u015fik Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nde Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyeli\u011fi yapt\u0131. T\u00fcrk Ceza Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 141. ve 142. maddelerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Kutlu ve Sarg\u0131n\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Nisan 1991\u2019e kadar tutuklu kald\u0131.<\/p>\n 1993-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Veri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015eirketi\u2019nin Ankara b\u00fcrosu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve bilgi i\u015flem merkezi sorumlusu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki siyasi parti se\u00e7menlerinin nitelikleri, kimlikleri ve e\u011filimlerini konu alan d\u00f6rt siyasi ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda, bulgular\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde ve raporla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n 1998-2007 aras\u0131nda BZD Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7evirmen ve yazar olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7evirileri ve makaleleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar:<\/p>\n CHP Nedir Ne De\u011fildir (1976),<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasi Kutupla\u015fmalar ve Se\u00e7men Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (Sezgin T\u00fcz\u00fcn\u2019le birlikte, 1998),<\/p>\n E\u011frisi Do\u011frusu (Ay\u015fe Bilge Dicleli ile birlikte, 2005),<\/p>\n Mevl\u00e2na: Hamd\u0131m Pi\u015ftim Yand\u0131m (2007),<\/p>\n Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan: Direni\u015f ve \u0130syan Y\u0131llar\u0131 (2011),<\/p>\n Cizre-Bohtan Beyi Bedirhan: S\u00fcrg\u00fcn Y\u0131llar\u0131 (2013).<\/p>\n 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130leti\u015fim yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cMustafa Suphi; Karanl\u0131ktan Ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n https:\/\/artigercek.com\/haberler\/mustafa-suphi-osmanli-da-federalizmi-ve-ermeni-kurt-laz-gibi-halklara-ozerklik-verilmesini-savunuyor\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mustafa Kemal, \u2018Suphi\u2019den kurtulmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir plan\u2019 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 verir. 18-19 Ocak 1921 tarihinde \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu\u2019nun b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 telgraf ba\u015f\u0131nda izler. Kaz\u0131m G\u00dcNDO\u011eAN ARTI GER\u00c7EK- 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 16 kom\u00fcnist!.. Mustafa Suphi ve 15 yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, Kemalistlerin merkezi bir plan\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmesinin ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fturulur ve daha sonra 15\u2019i de Karadeniz\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. ki\u015fi olan Maria (Suphi) ise […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":61364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\n