{"id":61258,"date":"2021-02-02T02:07:51","date_gmt":"2021-02-02T07:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258"},"modified":"2021-02-02T02:07:51","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T07:07:51","slug":"kurucu-bir-suc-olarak-maras-katliami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ferda Balancar<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar ve hukuk\u00e7u Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u2018Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131: Vah\u015fet, Direni\u015f ve \u0130\u015fkence\u2019 adl\u0131 kitap Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ertekin\u2019le kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018kurucu su\u00e7\u2019 ve \u2018y\u00fczle\u015fme\u2019 \u00fczerine bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
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Kitapta Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kavram \u00fcretiyorsunuz. Bunlardan birisi de giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u2018tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7\u2019 kavram\u0131. Bu kavram\u0131 a\u00e7ar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? 19-26 Aral\u0131k 1978\u2019de ya\u015fanan Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 neden \u2018tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7\u2019tur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sorunuzu iki ayr\u0131 boyutta kar\u015f\u0131layarak cevaplamak isterim. Tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7, birinci olarak hen\u00fcz ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcnde ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam eden, hukuki ve fiili kesintinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 fiili olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Fail kesintisiz su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye devam etmekte, ma\u011fdur ise h\u00e2l\u00e2 su\u00e7un konusu olman\u0131n tedirginli\u011fiyle sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemekte ve dilemektedir. Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 i\u015fte tam da b\u00f6yle bir su\u00e7 fiilleri toplam\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Bir defa katliamdan sonra k\u0131r\u0131m bitmemi\u015ftir. Hemen ard\u0131ndan katliam\u0131n sorumlusu da ilan edilmi\u015flerdir. T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin olduk\u00e7a tan\u0131d\u0131k yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklerinden birisi olarak ma\u011fdurlar kendi ma\u011fduriyetlerinin faili haline getirilmi\u015flerdir. Katliam 5 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Fakat katliam\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan ma\u011fdurlar bir y\u0131la kadar varan i\u015fkencelere maruz kalm\u0131\u015flar, olduk\u00e7a trajik bi\u00e7imde, i\u015fkencecilere kar\u015f\u0131,\u00a0 Mara\u015f’ta kendilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmedikleri, yaralamad\u0131klar\u0131, kendi evlerini talan etmediklerini savunmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Neredeyse on y\u0131la varan bir yarg\u0131lamada da ayn\u0131 \u00e7ile devam etmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131\u2019nda hayatta kalanlar sonraki on y\u0131llar boyunca hayatta kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, be\u015f g\u00fcn on binlerce sald\u0131rgan\u0131n nefesini \u00fczerlerinde hissederken, 26 Aral\u0131k 1978’de, kurtulduk duygusu yerine, h\u00e2l\u00e2 ka\u00e7maya ve korunmaya devam etmi\u015flerdir. Tabii ki i\u015fkence ve yarg\u0131lamalar on binlerce insan\u0131n Mara\u015f’tan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerine g\u00f6\u00e7leriyle de tamamlanmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Mara\u015f’ta katliam failleri 19\/26 Aral\u0131k 1978 aras\u0131nda durmam\u0131\u015f, bug\u00fcne de ula\u015fan etkileriyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte bu anlamda Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f bir su\u00e7 fiilidir.<\/p>\n

Peki \u2018kurucu su\u00e7\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tan\u0131mlars\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong>
\n\u015eimdi gelelim ikinci boyuta. \u0130kinci olarak ise ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ba\u015flay\u0131p bug\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc de i\u015fgal etmeye devam eden her su\u00e7 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u2018kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019tur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k o su\u00e7 bir \u2018hukuk\u2019 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Birinci anlamda tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7 h\u00e2l\u00e2 kendini devam ettiren, eksik kalm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131 tamamlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan zincirleme fiiller anlam\u0131na gelirken ikinci boyutta ise bir \u2018daimi su\u00e7\u2019 anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Eksik kalm\u0131\u015f-tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f her su\u00e7 ancak ve ancak onu var edecek bir \u2018hukuk d\u00fczeni\u2019 ile arzusunu devam ettirebilir.\u00a0 Su\u00e7 art\u0131k \u2018resmi bir su\u00e7\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kurucu su\u00e7lar hep b\u00f6yledir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc su\u00e7u bir hukuka, bir gelene\u011fe, bir \u00f6rfe, bir kuruma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrseniz hem tamamlanma arzusunda olmak anlam\u0131nda \u2018eksik kalm\u0131\u015f\u2019 ve hem de s\u00fcrekli yinelenme, rutinle\u015fme, ola\u011fanla\u015fma anlam\u0131nda \u2018daimi\u2019 bir su\u00e7 ve su\u00e7 d\u00fczeni yaratm\u0131\u015f olursunuz. \u0130\u015fte orada su\u00e7 hukuk haline gelir. Ermeni k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 da b\u00f6yle bir tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7tur \u00f6rne\u011fin.<\/p>\n

\"Orhan<\/div>\n
Orhan Gazi Eretkin<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Mara\u015f\u2019ta ya\u015fananlar\u0131 \u2018pogrom\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z\u0131n nedenlerini a\u00e7ar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong>
\nPogrom resmi veya yar\u0131 resmi \u2018apartheid\u2019 rejimlerinde ya\u015fanan bir kitlesel \u015fiddet bi\u00e7imidir. Yani etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hiyerar\u015filerin oldu\u011fu G\u00fcney Afrika, G\u00fcney Bat\u0131 Afrika, Eski Rusya, Nazi Almanyas\u0131, h\u00e2l\u00e2 da etkileri ve fiili sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi kolayl\u0131kla iddia edilebilecek olan ABD ve benzeri yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir toplumsal-siyasal-kurumsal i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fiddet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu rejim yap\u0131lar\u0131 iktidarlar\u0131n \u015fiddet ile ili\u015fkisi, \u015fiddetin nas\u0131l kurumsal ve toplumsal i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da belirleyicidir. Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye’de \u015fiddet ve devlet ili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan rejimin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kapasitesi \u00fczerine yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a verimli bir saha olu\u015fturuyor. Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir \u2018mukatele\u2019 yani \u2018kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeler\u2019 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7ok say\u0131da geli\u015fmeden haber verebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin ordu g\u00fcnler boyunca devam eden katliamda kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmaktan dahil olmaya kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir defa katliam adliye, h\u00fck\u00fcmet kona\u011f\u0131, hastane gibi devlet dairelerine gelene kadar neredeyse hi\u00e7 m\u00fcdahale etmemi\u015ftir. Katliamc\u0131lar serbest\u00e7e hareket etmekten ba\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6nerek d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn devlet dairelerine sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, 3 saatlik mesafeden gelen Kayseri Komando Birli\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131lara m\u00fcdahale etti. Daha katliam\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 saatlik mesafeden gelmeyi ak\u0131llar\u0131na getirmemi\u015fler demek ki? Kald\u0131 ki katliam g\u00fcnleri boyunca \u015fehri d\u0131\u015fardan gelenlere kar\u015f\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131rken i\u00e7erdeki cinayetlere de m\u00fcdahale etmemi\u015ftir. Bu sadece ordunun vaziyetiyle ilgilidir. Peki, d\u00f6nemin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u0130rfan \u00d6zayd\u0131nl\u0131’n\u0131n Mara\u015f’a gelip “Olaylar\u0131 solcular \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131…” diye deme\u00e7 vermesine ne demeli? Peki, ya d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit’in kendisine gelen ve i\u00e7inde Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n planlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n isimleri de olan M\u0130T raporunu kendi mahrem ar\u015fivi sanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz? Ku\u015fkusuz sorular\u0131 ben cevaplayaca\u011f\u0131m burada de\u011fil mi? O halde \u015fu yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m geli\u015fmelere bir de 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi ile birlikte darbecilerin ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 bir y\u0131l boyunca i\u015fkenceden ge\u00e7irmesini ve katliam\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu ma\u011fdurlara y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir h\u0131rs ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da ekleyelim. Ve bu komik fanteziyi elinin tersiyle itip ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakan savc\u0131n\u0131n derhal i\u015ften el \u00e7ektirilip dosyan\u0131n gayretke\u015f ve g\u00f6reve haz\u0131r bir savc\u0131ya devredilmesini de hat\u0131rlatay\u0131m size. \u015eimdi toparlayabiliriz b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131. Bak\u0131n bu \u00e7apta birbiriyle tutarl\u0131, farkl\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar ve zamanlarda birbirini destekleyen\u00a0 \u2018organize eylemler\u2019 ancak ve ancak devletten toplumun en altta ve yereldeki u\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar uzanan bir su\u00e7 i\u015fleme kapasitesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ki bu da T\u00fcrkiye’nin devlet katlar\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f Mara\u015f gibi pogromlar nezdinde \u2018yar\u0131 resmi apartheid rejimi\u2019 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi gerektirir. Benim fikrim T\u00fcrkiye’nin devleti, hukuku ve yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u2018\u00f6zel bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 ile i\u015fledi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir ve bu da pogromdan tutun say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7e\u015fitlilikte \u2018resmi \u015fiddet fiilleri\u2019nin neden ve nas\u0131l ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir. En az\u0131ndan Mara\u015f bize t\u0131pk\u0131 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 pogromu gibi bu konuda \u00e7ok \u015fey anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

Kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kadar\u0131yla, Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 gibi olaylarla sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplumsal y\u00fczle\u015fme ya\u015fanabilmesi i\u00e7in siyasal ve hukuksal-yarg\u0131sal bir hesapla\u015fma ya\u015fanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Siyasal ve hukuksal-yarg\u0131sal hesapla\u015fma ya\u015fanmadan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplumsal y\u00fczle\u015fme ya\u015fanmas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. B\u00f6yleyse T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de siyaset kurumunun ve yarg\u0131n\u0131n mevcut durumunu dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sivil toplum, Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 gibi ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f pek \u00e7ok katliamla nas\u0131l y\u00fczle\u015febilir? Y\u00fczle\u015fme konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sivil topluma neler \u00f6nerirsiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu bir r\u00f6portaj\u0131n bir sorusuna cevap verilerek \u00fcstesinden gelinebilecek bir soru ve sorun de\u011fil maalesef. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sivil toplum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z konu hukuk ve yarg\u0131 oldu\u011funda b\u00fct\u00fcn emeklerine ve iyi niyetlerine ra\u011fmen yeterli d\u00fczeyde de\u011fil. Hukuk, yarg\u0131 ve siyasal davalar \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z yeterli de\u011fil maalesef. Daha adli strateji, dava stratejisi, dosya stratejisi, duru\u015fma stratejileri gibi kavramlar bile bilinmiyor ve buna ili\u015fkin konumlar da hi\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Bunlardan sonra sorunuza ger\u00e7ek bir cevap verilebilir. Ama h\u0131zla \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirim \u015fimdilik:
\nYarg\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde bize ger\u00e7ek bir yarg\u0131lama i\u00e7in iki yol kal\u0131yor ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak. Birincisi cari yarg\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kamuoyunun denetimine a\u00e7mak ve ger\u00e7ek bir yarg\u0131laman\u0131n toplumsal ve siyasal ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak. Mahkemenin mahkeme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde toplumsal vicdan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7mak. Bu alan\u0131n yani yarg\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal dikkate ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 e\u011filiminin maalesef T\u00fcrkiye’de bir gelene\u011fi yok. Fakat tecr\u00fcbeleri var. Hrant Dink ve Tahir El\u00e7i cinayetlerinin takibini buna \u00f6rnek verebiliriz. Her iki Vakf\u0131n da bu tecr\u00fcbeyi art\u0131k bir \u2018adalet ve yarg\u0131 hareketi\u2019ne ta\u015f\u0131mak ve belki buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu nezdinde bir \u2018hak hareketleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne do\u011fru geli\u015ftirmek gibi \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019 bir hedefi olabilir. Bu durum y\u00fczle\u015fmenin kendisine ger\u00e7ek ve somut bir muhatap bulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00f6nemli kurumsal giri\u015fimlerden birisi olabilir. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorunlar pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede ya\u015fan\u0131yor ve birbirine \u00f6\u011fretici olacak deneyimler birikiyor. Nitekim benzer br ihtiya\u00e7 Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 davalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Y\u00fczle\u015fme, cezas\u0131zl\u0131k ve insan haklar\u0131 gibi kavramlar \u2018k\u0131sa 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019\u0131n demokrasi ve hukuk m\u00fccadelesinin temel kavramlar\u0131 veya g\u00fcndemleriydi diyelim. Fakat \u2018uzun 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 siyasal ve hukuksal meseleleri nezdinde darald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birer \u2018mesai\u2019 ve \u2018ar\u015fiv\u2019 alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00c7ok \u00f6nemli emekler verdiler. Ama daha b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve yap\u0131sal meseleler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda minimum konumlara mecbur kalmak sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fin \u2018Magna Carta’n\u0131n 39 ve 40. maddelerinde taraflar i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir ve g\u00fcvenilir bir yarg\u0131 organ\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek bir demokrasi ve adalet m\u00fccadelesi \u00f6ncelikle buralardan itibaren yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi gerektiriyor.\u00a0 Bunun \u00fczerine daha dikkatle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka nas\u0131l yollar izlenebilir?\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0130\u015flemeyen ulusal yarg\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir yarg\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131mak son yar\u0131m y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6nemsenmesi gereken bir geli\u015fmedir. Uluslararas\u0131 yarg\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden kast\u0131m davalar\u0131 sadece A\u0130HM gibi belli baz\u0131 k\u0131ta boyutundaki veya Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi gibi merciler \u00f6n\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131maktan s\u00f6z etmiyorum. T\u00fcrkiye’nin yarg\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc zaten 1987’den beri \u00e7ifte referansl\u0131 (ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131) bir yarg\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu konudaki birikim ve tecr\u00fcbemiz de olduk\u00e7a yerindedir. Fakat kamuoyu d\u00fczeyindeki baz\u0131 giri\u015fimleri de yeniden hat\u0131rlamal\u0131y\u0131z. T\u0131pk\u0131 Vietnam ve sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 meselesinde oldu\u011fu gibi Bertrand Russell’\u0131n da i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen\u00a0 \u2018sivil d\u00fcnya mahkemeleri\u2019 tecr\u00fcbesi de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131lama, girdi\u011fimiz \u2018yeni hukuk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda art\u0131k hem kurumlar hem de kamuoyu i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, ayn\u0131 zamanda hem ulusal hem de uluslararas\u0131 bir boyutta ilerliyor. Bu yeni yollar \u2018lin\u00e7\u2019 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilir daha demokrat bir yarg\u0131lama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in de harekete ge\u00e7irilebilir. \u015eunun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek isterim: \u0130\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz s\u00fcre\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131 ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla yeni bir \u2018hukuk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r ve bunun adalet m\u00fccadelesini de ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak \u00fczerinde ciddiyetle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek biz bulaca\u011f\u0131z… Bu iki yola niye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 gibi, Hrant Dink cinayeti gibi, Tahir El\u00e7i cinayeti gibi s\u00fcrekli birbirine aktaran \u015fiddet zincirinin do\u011frudan topluma, siyasete, hukuka, yarg\u0131ya ve genel olarak devlete uzanan boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n daha b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir hesapla\u015fman\u0131n konusu yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in buna \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n

Ne olmu\u015ftu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

19- 26 Aral\u0131k 1978\u2019de \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan Alevilere y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlenen katliamda, resmi verilere g\u00f6re olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 120 insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bin ki\u015fi buldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Alevilere ait 200’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde ev yak\u0131ld\u0131, 100’e yak\u0131n i\u015fyeri tahrip edildi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011funlukla sa\u011f ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc toplam 804 ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim mahkemelerinde a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar 1991 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130dam ve m\u00fcebbet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hapse mahkum edilenlere 1\/6 oran\u0131nda indirim uygulanarak cezalar azalt\u0131ld\u0131. S\u0131k\u0131 y\u00f6netim mahkemesinin idam kararlar\u0131 da Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan bozuldu.<\/p><\/div>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/25259\/kurucu-bir-suc-olarak-maras-katliami\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ferda Balancar Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar ve hukuk\u00e7u Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u2018Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131: Vah\u015fet, Direni\u015f ve \u0130\u015fkence\u2019 adl\u0131 kitap Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ertekin\u2019le kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018kurucu su\u00e7\u2019 ve \u2018y\u00fczle\u015fme\u2019 \u00fczerine bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k. Kitapta Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kavram \u00fcretiyorsunuz. Bunlardan birisi de giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u2018tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7\u2019 kavram\u0131. Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":61259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ferda Balancar Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar ve hukuk\u00e7u Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u2018Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131: Vah\u015fet, Direni\u015f ve \u0130\u015fkence\u2019 adl\u0131 kitap Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ertekin\u2019le kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018kurucu su\u00e7\u2019 ve \u2018y\u00fczle\u015fme\u2019 \u00fczerine bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k. Kitapta Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kavram \u00fcretiyorsunuz. Bunlardan birisi de giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u2018tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7\u2019 kavram\u0131. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Ferda Balancar Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar ve hukuk\u00e7u Orhan Gazi Ertekin\u2019in derledi\u011fi \u2018Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131: Vah\u015fet, Direni\u015f ve \u0130\u015fkence\u2019 adl\u0131 kitap Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ertekin\u2019le kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018kurucu su\u00e7\u2019 ve \u2018y\u00fczle\u015fme\u2019 \u00fczerine bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k. Kitapta Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kavram \u00fcretiyorsunuz. Bunlardan birisi de giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u2018tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7\u2019 kavram\u0131. Bu […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2021-02-02T07:07:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":620,"height":344,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/02\/Mara\u015f-Katliam\u0131.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131","datePublished":"2021-02-02T07:07:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258"},"wordCount":2169,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/02\/Mara\u015f-Katliam\u0131.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","M\u00fclakatlar","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258","name":"\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/02\/Mara\u015f-Katliam\u0131.jpg","datePublished":"2021-02-02T07:07:51+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/02\/Mara\u015f-Katliam\u0131.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/02\/Mara\u015f-Katliam\u0131.jpg","width":620,"height":344},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=61258#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u2018Kurucu bir su\u00e7\u2019 olarak Mara\u015f Katliam\u0131"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61258"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61260,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61258\/revisions\/61260"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/61259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}