![\"\"](\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Dersim-ve-Sincan-360x164.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Mamak\u2019tayd\u0131m. 1972-74\u2019te, 28. T\u00fcmen\u2019in i\u00e7indeki asker\u00ee cezaevinde. Bir ara \u201cDev-Gen\u00e7 ko\u011fu\u015fu\u201dnda kal\u0131yordum. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011funu esas Dev-Gen\u00e7 d\u00e2v\u00e2s\u0131nda yarg\u0131lanan gen\u00e7ler olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7in, b\u00f6yle an\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Halil Berktay<\/strong><\/p>\n [23-24 Ocak 2021] G\u00fcnlerden bir g\u00fcn, mahkemeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdi sabahtan. Geride be\u015f alt\u0131 ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ans\u0131z\u0131n bir tel\u00e2\u015f koptu, \u201ckomutan\u0131m!\u201dla biten tekmil hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 duyuldu. T\u00fcmen komutan\u0131 (Osman Faz\u0131l Polat) tefti\u015fe gelmi\u015f me\u011fer. Ne tesad\u00fcf; iki y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden, onun ve bizim Mamak\u2019taki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 s\u0131ralarda sona erecekti. Bizler 14 Temmuz 1974\u2019te tahliye olacakt\u0131k. 20 Temmuz 1974\u2019te ise K\u0131br\u0131s Harek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flayacak; T\u00fcmgeneral Polat \u201cMa\u011fusa Fatihi\u201d diye an\u0131l\u0131r olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim tefti\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc, bunlar \u00e7ok uzaktayd\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz. 25-26 ya\u015f\u0131mdayd\u0131m ve gelecek pek parlak g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyordu. Hen\u00fcz 14 Ekim 1973 se\u00e7imleri bile cereyan etmemi\u015f; B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in CHP\u2019si beklenmedik bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flamam\u0131\u015f; S\u00fcleyman Demirel ise g\u00fcnlerce evine kapanmam\u0131\u015f; aff\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 aralanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Pa\u015fa geldi koridorun sol ucundan. Ko\u011fu\u015fun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Canh\u0131ra\u015f bir dikkat! \u00e7ekildi. Ranzalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ayak ucunda, haz\u0131rolda durduk. Girdi. Pe\u015finde maiyeti, doland\u0131 bir. Sa\u011fa sola bak\u0131nd\u0131. Yataklar\u0131n iyi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. Gri tahta sand\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131, elbise ve \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 koydu\u011fumuz. Hepsi ayn\u0131 hizadayd\u0131. Birinin \u00fczerine oturdu. Bir de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131larda gezdirdi g\u00f6zlerini. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u00d6nemli bir \u015fey demesi l\u00e2z\u0131m. Sonunda buldu. Sessizli\u011fin i\u00e7inde, \u201cBunlar\u0131n terlikleri neden tek tip de\u011fil?\u201d diye sordu.<\/p>\n Herhalde ancak Kafka b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015fleyebilirdi sahneyi. O kadar abs\u00fcrdd\u00fc ki, n\u00f6bet\u00e7i ba\u015f\u00e7avu\u015f da bilemedi nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verece\u011fini. Anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u015feyler geveledi. Pa\u015fa da \u00fcstelemedi. Ama asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok cidd\u00ee bir kayg\u0131y\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi. Alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonraki 12 Eyl\u00fcl (1980) rejimi, 12 Mart\u2019\u0131n yar\u0131m b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlama arzusunu, k\u00e2h seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131lara da \u00fcniforma giydirme, k\u00e2h hapishanelerde s\u00fcrekli \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6yletme, k\u00e2h \u00fcniversitelere zorunlu \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p Tarihi dersleri koymak suretiyle saf Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc bir gen\u00e7lik yeti\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131na vard\u0131racakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Askerlerin akl\u0131na gelmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, hi\u00e7biri \u00f6zellikle fa\u015fist ve militarist de\u011fildi asl\u0131nda. Tersine, modernitenin, modernizasyonun ve modern devletin homojenle\u015ftirme, t\u00fcrde\u015fle\u015ftirme, standartla\u015ft\u0131rma e\u011filimlerinin sadece baz\u0131 u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyordu. Geleneksel k\u00f6yl\u00fc toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n yerelli\u011fi, heterojenli\u011fi, renklili\u011fi ve ke\u015fmeke\u015finin \u00fczerinden silindir gibi ge\u00e7ti bu e\u011filimler. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu Avrupa ordular\u0131na \u00fcniforma giydirilmesi (ad\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde, uni-form, yani tek tip) ve aylar boyu \u201ctalimhane\u201dde (drill ground) yana\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczen e\u011fitiminden (close-order drill) ge\u00e7irilmeleriyle ba\u015flad\u0131: sa\u011fa d\u00f6n, sola d\u00f6n, geriye d\u00f6n, yerinde say, uygun ad\u0131m mar\u015f! T\u00fcfe\u011fini doldurup ate\u015flemek ve temizleyip tekrar doldurmak i\u00e7in 23 veya 36 basit hareket. Uzun m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yerde s\u00fcr\u00fcmek, omuzda ta\u015f\u0131mak, d\u00fc\u015fmana do\u011frultmak, d\u00fcrtmek ve geri \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in 18 basit hareket. Bunlar\u0131n y\u00fczlerce, binlerce defa tekrarlanmas\u0131. Otomatikle\u015finceye, b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fck bir \u201cmakina d\u00fczeni\u201d kazan\u0131ncaya kadar. Devam\u0131nda bir de Sanayi Devrimi. Art\u0131k (markas\u0131na g\u00f6re) b\u00fct\u00fcn silahlar, b\u00fct\u00fcn top ve t\u00fcfekler, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cephane hep ayn\u0131 \u00e7ap ve kalibre.<\/p>\n Gerisi, alandan alana, sekt\u00f6rden sekt\u00f6re s\u0131\u00e7ramalarla \u00e7orap s\u00f6k\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi geldi. H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la, k\u0131smen de 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir versiyonunu, Tanzimat ve Cumhuriyet reformlar\u0131nda izlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Sadece subaylar\u0131n de\u011fil, b\u00fcrokrasinin de pe\u015fpe\u015fe k\u0131yafet de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden ge\u00e7irilmesi. Ba\u015ftan tasnif edilmi\u015f g\u00f6revler, tan\u0131mlar, r\u00fctbeler, s\u0131fatlar. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc b\u00fcrokratik belgenin \u015fu kadar damga ve \u015fu kadar imzaya ba\u011flanmas\u0131. Hep ayn\u0131 yeknesak prosed\u00fcrler (aynen t\u00fcfek doldur-bo\u015falt gibi). \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc ve tart\u0131lar\u0131n metrik sistemde birle\u015ftirilmesi. Yerel de\u011fil ulusal vergi sistemleri. Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k leh\u00e7elerin, yerel a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen tek bir yaz\u0131 dili. E\u011fitim, okullar: Tevhid-i Tedrisat; standardize s\u00fcreler, m\u00fcfredat, diplomalar.<\/p>\n Yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n; bunlar olmamal\u0131yd\u0131, tarih hat\u00e2l\u0131 bir mecradan geli\u015fti, ke\u015fke modernite hi\u00e7 ya\u015fanmasayd\u0131\u2026 de\u011fil murad\u0131m. Sadece, tam ne oldu\u011funa ve bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6denen bedele dikkat \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Modernite s\u0131rf iyilik ve g\u00fczellik olmad\u0131 \u2014 ve bedavaya gelmedi insanl\u0131\u011fa. Tersine: y\u00fcksek bir fiyat \u00f6dendi, \u201cilerleme\u201d u\u011fruna. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn nadir baz\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerinde birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca spontane ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ba\u011flam\u0131nda bile \u00e7ok ha\u015fin bir \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201dd\u00fc ya\u015fanan (bkz Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation). K\u0131rsaldan ve tarlalar\u0131ndan (Marx\u2019\u0131n ifadeleriyle, biny\u0131llar boyu \u201cg\u00f6bekten ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d olduklar\u0131 \u201ceme\u011fin do\u011fal laboratuvar\u0131\u201dndan) kopar\u0131l\u0131p yeni end\u00fcstri kentlerinin cang\u0131l\u0131na f\u0131rlat\u0131lan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015firken ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fokun, Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerli halklar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilme ve k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilme tecr\u00fcbesinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131r yan\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n Gene de as\u0131l fel\u00e2ketler \u201cgecikmi\u015f,\u201d dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cyeti\u015fmeci\u201d modern devletlerin bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da \u201cmuas\u0131r medeniyet seviyesi\u201dne ula\u015fmak u\u011fruna \u201ci\u00e7 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci\u201d kesilip kendi halklar\u0131 ve co\u011frafyalar\u0131na cebren, zorla, yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir otoriter modernizasyon empoze etti\u011fi durumlarda patlak verdi. Bunun da belki en korkun\u00e7 \u00f6rnekleri (\u00c7arl\u0131ktan Sovyetlere) Rusya\u2019da, (Osmanl\u0131dan Cumhuriyete) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve (Kuomintang\u2019dan Kung\u00e7antang\u2019a) \u00c7in\u2019de ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130ki akraba \u201ch\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ulusal kalk\u0131nma\u201d ideolojisi sahneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Kemalizm ve Kom\u00fcnizm. \u0130ki yeni Makyavelizmdi bir bak\u0131ma, ama\u00e7 u\u011fruna her t\u00fcrl\u00fc arac\u0131 m\u00fcbah g\u00f6ren. Hi\u00e7bir bo\u015fluk b\u0131rakmamak; ister etnik, ister din\u00ee, ister ideolojik, ister k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ister kabilesel\u2026 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zerklik, uyumsuzluk ve potansiyel direni\u015f \u201ccep\u201dlerini ba\u015ftan, toptan yoketmek u\u011fruna hapishanelere, kamplara, sansasyonel \u201cvitrin\u201d mahkemelerine, ak\u0131l hastanelerine, katliamlara, soyk\u0131r\u0131mlara ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 me\u015fru hale getirdi.<\/p>\n Fizikte bir horror vacui d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi vard\u0131r, ilk Aristo\u2019nun ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131; kabaca \u201cdo\u011fa bo\u015fluk tan\u0131maz\u201d diye \u00e7evrilebilir. Sanatta, belirli bir d\u00fczlemin (ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n, tuvalin, ah\u015fap panonun) tamam\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fczde y\u00fcz doldurma ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k b\u0131rakmama \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yukar\u0131ya \u00fc\u00e7 resim ald\u0131m, Adolf W\u00f6lfli\u2019den (1864-1930). Kendi yoksun ve yoksul \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddet ve tacizler sonucu, ak\u0131l hastas\u0131yd\u0131, sald\u0131rgand\u0131, tecav\u00fczc\u00fcyd\u00fc, s\u00fcrekli sanr\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve ya\u015f\u0131yordu. 1895\u2019te Bern\u2019deki Waldau Klini\u011fi\u2019ne kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir daha \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Son otuz y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 (her anlamda) \u201cdeli gibi\u201d resim yaparak ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130ster kur\u015funkalem, ister kuruboya resimleri hep b\u00f6yleydi: her sabah kendisine verilen iki beyaz ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n her milimetre karesini girift fantezileriyle dolduruyor; \u00e2det\u00e2 ruhunun olanca karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o zemine yans\u0131t\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n W\u00f6lfli\u2019nin \u015fizofren horror vacui\u2019si ile gecikmi\u015f-yeti\u015fmeci modern devletin \u015fizofren otoritarizmi ve horror vacui\u2019si aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir benzerlik g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131. \u0130ster Kemalizm, ister Kom\u00fcnizm, ill\u00e2 her yeri kaplayacak, her yeri dolduracak, her \u015feyi ve herkesi kendine benzetecek. Ne Dersim b\u0131rakacak, ne Sincan (Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan). \u0130kisi de ilerleme, kalk\u0131nma, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma, feodalizmden kurtulma-kurtarma ad\u0131na yola \u00e7\u0131kacak.<\/p>\n Biri K\u00fcrtlere, Alevilere, Zazalara, a\u015firetlere, modernite ve T\u00fcrk ulus-devleti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mayacak. Bunu 1930\u2019larda kanla, katliamla dayatacak (bkz Vahap Co\u015fkun, Dersim Defterleri 1 (3 Ocak 2021) ve Dersim Defterleri 2 (10 Ocak 2021)). \u00d6yle bir deh\u015fete ba\u015fvuracak ki, bug\u00fcn tekrar anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kimilerinin h\u00e2l\u00e2 yok, olmu\u015f olmaz demeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1915 Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da olabilirlik ko\u015fullar\u0131: nas\u0131l pek\u00e2l\u00e2 yap\u0131labilir ve ayn\u0131 amans\u0131zl\u0131kla, ayn\u0131 kahharl\u0131kla, ayn\u0131 kand\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckle yap\u0131labilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak.<\/p>\n Di\u011feri Uygurlara, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, geleneksel ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na, \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detlerine ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 tan\u0131mayacak. Yat\u0131l\u0131 okul ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplama kamplar\u0131na t\u0131kacak. \u0130deolojik beyin y\u0131kama, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel imha ve zorunlu do\u011fum kontrol\u00fc (n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme) yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na maruz b\u0131rakacak. Hele sonuncusu, s\u0131rf Marksizm-Leninizm ve \u015ei Cinping D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi\u2019nden de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Avrupa proto-fa\u015fizminden, eugenics (\u0131rk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00f6\u011fretisinden feyiz alacak.<\/p>\n Gel zaman git zaman, bu \u00fclkelerden birinde (T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de) siyas\u00ee iktidar ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ortam de\u011fi\u015fecek. Dersim Tertelesini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a konu\u015fmak ve zaman\u0131n Tek Parti\u2019sini su\u00e7lamak, sorumlu tutmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelecek.<\/p>\n Fakat niha\u00ee ironi. Ayn\u0131 iktidar Sincan\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelecek. Dersim\u2019in aynadaki aksinden ibaret oldu\u011funu anlamayacak. 1930\u2019lar\u0131n otoriter-laik CHP\u2019sinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki muadilinin otoriter-ateist \u00c7KP oldu\u011funu idrak etmeyecek. \u00c7in\u2019in Tek Parti devletinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Uygurlara reva g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cter\u00f6rizm\u201d yaftas\u0131n\u0131 kabullendi\u011fi anda, peki ben neredeyim sorusunu sormayacak.<\/p>\n https:\/\/serbestiyet.com\/featured\/dersim-ve-sincan-50582\/\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mamak\u2019tayd\u0131m. 1972-74\u2019te, 28. T\u00fcmen\u2019in i\u00e7indeki asker\u00ee cezaevinde. Bir ara \u201cDev-Gen\u00e7 ko\u011fu\u015fu\u201dnda kal\u0131yordum. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011funu esas Dev-Gen\u00e7 d\u00e2v\u00e2s\u0131nda yarg\u0131lanan gen\u00e7ler olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7in, b\u00f6yle an\u0131l\u0131yordu. Halil Berktay [23-24 Ocak 2021] G\u00fcnlerden bir g\u00fcn, mahkemeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdi sabahtan. Geride be\u015f alt\u0131 ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ans\u0131z\u0131n bir tel\u00e2\u015f koptu, \u201ckomutan\u0131m!\u201dla biten tekmil hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131 duyuldu. T\u00fcmen komutan\u0131 (Osman Faz\u0131l Polat) tefti\u015fe gelmi\u015f me\u011fer. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":61132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n