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Altan Tan<\/strong><\/p>\n 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Evimiz, Diyarbekir Sur i\u00e7inde, Melikahmet Hamam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki K\u0131rk Direk Sokak\u2019ta.<\/p>\n 6-7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ancak var\u0131m.<\/p>\n Annemin memleketi Maden\u2019de ya\u015famakta olan anneannem, senede bir iki defa bizi g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere\u00a0Diyarbekir<\/a>\u2019e gelirdi.<\/p>\n Maden\u2019den bize her geldi\u011finde,\u00a0\u2018Muazzez k\u0131z\u0131m, biz Altan\u2019la Hus\u00e9n\u2019e gidiyoruz\u2019\u00a0<\/em>der, elimden tutar, a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r ad\u0131mlarla y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek A\u015fef\u00e7iler \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erek, Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131larba\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki Bak\u0131rc\u0131lar \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019na giderdik.<\/p>\n Anneannemle ayn\u0131 ya\u015flarda, altm\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 devirmi\u015f bir amca (bana g\u00f6re dede) bizi g\u00fcler bir y\u00fczle kar\u015f\u0131lar, Diyarbekir k\u00fcrs\u00fclerinden iki k\u00fcrs\u00fc getirerek \u00f6nce bizleri oturtur, sonra da bir k\u00fcrs\u00fc de kendi alt\u0131na \u00e7ekerek kahveciye seslenirdi.<\/p>\n Demli \u00e7aylar, okkal\u0131 kahveler s\u00f6ylenir ve iki ihtiyar derin bir sohbete dalarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ne konu\u015furlard\u0131, ne s\u00f6ylerlerdi, kimlerden, nelerden bahsederlerdi akl\u0131mda kalan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yok!<\/p>\n Kimdi bu Hus\u00e9n (H\u00fcseyin) amca?<\/em><\/p>\n Ayda y\u0131lda bir g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze ve hi\u00e7 bize gelmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, yak\u0131n akraba de\u011fildi herhalde.<\/p>\n Yak\u0131n akraba de\u011filse anneannem neden her seferinde bir saatli\u011fine de olsa ziyaretine gidiyordu?<\/em><\/p>\n \u00c7ok ender de olsa ara s\u0131ra Hus\u00e9n Amca ile ilgili konu\u015fmalarda kula\u011f\u0131ma \u00e7al\u0131nan\u00a0\u201cMaden… Ermeni… katliam… \u00e7ocuk… rahmetli babam…\u201d<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6zleri merak\u0131m\u0131 daha da art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden beri \u00e7evremde olan bitenlere ilgili ve \u00e7ok soru soran biri olmam nedeniyle\u00a0\u201cSora sora Ba\u011fdat bulunur\u201d\u00a0<\/em>misali bir m\u00fcddet sonra bir \u015feyler \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin amca tahmin etti\u011finiz gibi bir\u00a0Ermeni<\/a>\u2019ydi.<\/p>\n Madenli miydi ba\u015fka bir yerli miydi bilmiyorum, ancak o me\u015fum\u00a01915 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Ermeni katliam\u0131<\/a>nda, bir\u00e7ok vicdans\u0131z zalim; \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk demeden\u00a0Ermeniler<\/a>i katlederken; anneannemin babas\u0131 \u0130smail Mail Efendi, elinden geldi\u011fi kadar Ermeni kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f ve Hus\u00e9n amca ile k\u0131z karde\u015fini saklayarak b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Anneannem\u00a0\u2018H\u00fcs\u00e9n\u2019\u00a0<\/em>diyordu, ama bizimkiler \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmeseler de anlayabildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla Hus\u00e9n amca, sonradan tekrar H\u0131ristiyan olmu\u015f; ancak bu durum aralar\u0131ndaki dostlu\u011fu etkilememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Hus\u00e9n amca ile ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda haf\u0131zama kaz\u0131nan ikinci bir Ermeni ise mahallemizin f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 Tomas Ami (Tumas Amca).<\/p>\n Annemin te\u015ftte yo\u011furdu\u011fu, ekmek hamurunu haftada bir karde\u015fim Faruk\u2019la d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc, te\u015fti ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne koyarak f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, Diyarbekir bayramlar\u0131n\u0131n olmazsa olmaz\u0131 y\u00fczlerce \u00e7\u00f6rek te\u015ftini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sab\u0131rla bayram sabah\u0131na kadar pi\u015firen Tomas Ami.<\/p>\n Diyarbekir\u2019in bu y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferli hem\u015ferimiz M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7 Margosyan, \u201cS\u00f6yle Margos Nerelisen?\u201d, \u201cTespih Taneleri\u201d, \u201cBiletimiz \u0130stanbul\u2019a Kesildi\u201d, \u201cGavur Mahallesi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131nda \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sonraki y\u0131llarda, Mardin\u2019den Halep\u2019e, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Los Angeles\u2019a, Beyrut\u2019tan Paris\u2019e, Erivan\u2019dan Newyork\u2019a kadar y\u00fczlerce Ermeni ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, arkada\u015fl\u0131klar, kurdum.<\/p>\n Hele 2013\u2019de Los Angeles\u2019ta e\u015fim ve bir Diyarbekirli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hem\u015ferimizle birlikte \u00e7at kap\u0131 gitti\u011fimiz; Kuveyt\u2019te b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, dedesi Kilisli bir Ermeni olan pastane-f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n sahibi ile hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi, hi\u00e7 ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kilis-Antep \u015fivesi ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir sohbetimiz var ki, sormay\u0131n!<\/p>\n K\u0131rk y\u0131ll\u0131k dostlar\u0131n muhabbetine ta\u015f \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r!<\/p>\n Bizi \u0131srarla, ya\u015fl\u0131 annesi ile de tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere gece eve yeme\u011fe davetini vaktimizin darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeni ile zor geri \u00e7evirebildik.<\/p>\n Ermeniler<\/a>in ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 felaketi hem kendi a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan hem de y\u00fczlerce makale ve kitaptan \u00f6\u011frendim.<\/p>\n Aile b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimden,\u00a0S\u00fcryaniler<\/a>in dramlar\u0131n\u0131 Midyatl\u0131 (babam\u0131n babas\u0131) dedemden, Ermenilerin dram\u0131n\u0131 Madenli anneannemden dinledim.<\/p>\n Y\u00fcrek kald\u0131ran, insan\u0131n i\u00e7ini ezen; insan\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan utand\u0131ran hikayeler…<\/p>\n Y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan fazla bir zamand\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz;<\/p>\n \u0130ttihat ve Terakki<\/a>\u00a0H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin\u00a024 Nisan 1915<\/a>\u2019te ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar sonras\u0131nda Ermenilerin tabiri ile ya\u015fan\u0131lan\u00a0\u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket\u2019 (Medz Ye\u011fern)<\/em>\u00a0veya\u00a0\u00c7art (K\u0131r\u0131m)<\/em>\u00a0neden oldu?<\/p>\n \u0130lk \u0130slam ordular\u0131n\u0131n 639 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130yaz Bin \u011eanem komutas\u0131nda Diyarbekir\u2019e gelmesi ve Amid \u015fehrini Bizansl\u0131lardan almas\u0131ndan itibaren, 1915 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 1276 y\u0131l birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f (bu tarihten \u00f6nce de birlikte ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131) iki halk,\u00a0K\u00fcrtler<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0Ermeniler<\/a>\u00a0neden birbirine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?<\/p>\n 1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015ferek hakim olan\u00a0T\u00fcrkler<\/a>, neden 844 y\u0131l sonra kom\u015fular\u0131, arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve i\u015f ortaklar\u0131 Ermenilerin\u00a0\u2018Katline Ferman\u2019<\/em>\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kard\u0131?<\/p>\n Bin k\u00fcs\u00fcr y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimlerden T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc, K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fc, Arap\u2019\u0131; Ermeni\u2019si, S\u00fcryani\u2019si, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131, Hristiyan\u2019\u0131 ile biraz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, biraz yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zulm\u00fc g\u00f6ren, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da toklu\u011fu da payla\u015fan, iyi k\u00f6t\u00fc birlikte ya\u015fayan halklar neden toplumsal bir cinnete tutuldu?<\/p>\n Neden, neden, neden?<\/em><\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ek nedenlerin objektif bir \u015fekilde analiz edilerek ortaya koyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, herkesin tek tarafl\u0131 olarak kendi hesab\u0131na geldi\u011fi \u015fekilde cevaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fc\u00a0“neden?”<\/em>..<\/p>\n Bundan sonraki s\u00f6yleyeceklerim T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, Ermeni, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman…kendinden olan katillere toz kondurmayan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin hesab\u0131na gelmeyebilir!<\/p>\n Olsun!<\/p>\n Onun i\u00e7in laf\u0131 fazla uzatmadan ve e\u011fip b\u00fckmeden s\u00f6yleyeyim;<\/p>\n 1915\u2019te Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bir soyk\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/a>\u00a0ifadesinin,\u00a0Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler<\/a>\u2019in\u00a0\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131\u2019<\/em>n\u0131n bilmem hangi maddesinin, bilmem hangi bendindeki fe\u015fmekan tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin herhangi bir katliam talimat\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay\u0131n asl\u0131nda sadece zorunlu bir yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme karar\u0131ndan (tehcir<\/a>den) ibaret oldu\u011fu gibi laf oyunlar\u0131 veya\u00a0Ziya G\u00f6kalp<\/a>\u2019in ve onunla ayn\u0131 fikirde olanlar\u0131n;\u00a0\u201cAram\u0131zda bir mukatele (Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme) oldu\u201d\u00a0<\/em>demeleri ger\u00e7e\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor.<\/p>\n \u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck,\u00a0\u201cErmenilerin iddia ettikleri gibi bir bu\u00e7uk milyon de\u011fil en fazla 300 bin Ermeni \u00f6ld\u00fc ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da yolda hastal\u0131k ve ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131ktan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u201d<\/em>\u00a0demek de, ba\u015fka bir pi\u015fkinlik!<\/p>\n Pi\u015fkinlikten de \u00f6te kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla t\u00fcy dikmek!<\/p>\n Bin, on bin, y\u00fcz bin veya bir milyon ne fark eder ki?<\/p>\n Kim ne derse desin ve ad\u0131na ne derseniz deyin;<\/p>\n Bir\u00a0\u201cSoy temizleme, soy s\u00fcp\u00fcrme, soy kaz\u0131ma\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ve mallar\u0131na m\u00fclklerine el koyma oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn gibi a\u015fikar.<\/p>\n \n\u201cErmeniler bile kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket\u2019 (Medz Ye\u011fern) derken sana ne oldu da Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018Jenosid\u2019, \u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019 kelimesini kullan\u0131yorsun?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n \u201c\u00dcstelik bu Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n kendi tarihleri de bin bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc rezaletle dolu.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cFransa, Cezayir\u2019de bir milyondan fazla insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u0130talya Libya\u2019da, Habe\u015fistan\u2019da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde davrand\u0131, \u0130ngilizler K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin, \u0130spanyollar G\u00fcney ve Orta Amerika\u2019da Azteklerin, \u0130nkalar\u0131n, Mayalar\u0131n, End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019te ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve Yahudilerin soyunu kuruttu, Hitler Yahudileri diri diri f\u0131r\u0131nlarda yakt\u0131, Ruslar Tatarlara, \u00c7erkezlere, \u00c7e\u00e7enlere, T\u00fcrkmenlere kan kusturdu, Ermeni Ta\u015fnak ve H\u0131n\u00e7ak \u00e7eteleri y\u00fcz binlerce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrd\u00fc; \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131, kad\u0131n demeden \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc ve daha d\u00fcn Temmuz 1995\u2019te S\u0131rplar Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Srebrenista\u2019da Hollandal\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc askerlerinin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde 8372 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman erke\u011fi katletti…\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diyorsan\u0131z; hepsinin can\u0131 cehenneme!<\/p>\n \u201cLa\u2019netullahi alel zalimin! (Allah\u2019\u0131n laneti zalimlerin \u00fczerine olsun!) ve zalimler i\u00e7in ya\u015fas\u0131n cehennem!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cSen bu kafa ile ge\u00e7ti\u011fin \u2018Derin Kay\u0131tlarda\u2019 de\u011fil bir daha milletvekili olmak, muhtar bile olamazs\u0131n!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0diyorsan\u0131z; kendi akl\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kendinize saklay\u0131n!<\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131 d\u00fcn de s\u00f6yledim, sa\u011f kal\u0131rsam yar\u0131n da s\u00f6ylemeye devam edece\u011fim.<\/p>\n 1915 Olaylar\u0131<\/a>na gelmeden ve baz\u0131 analizlerde bulunmadan \u00f6nce\u00a0Ermeni<\/a>,\u00a0T\u00fcrk<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0K\u00fcrt<\/a>\u00a0ili\u015fkilerinin tarihine \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir g\u00f6zatmak gerekir.<\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i Heredot\u2019a g\u00f6re Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, Ermenisten s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Siirt\u2019in hemen g\u00fcneyinden ge\u00e7en Botan \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015flar ve Ararat (A\u011fr\u0131) Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alacak bir \u015fekilde kuzeye kadar uzanarak, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0Ermenistan<\/a>\u00a0topraklar\u0131 ile\u00a0G\u00fcrcistan<\/a>\u2019\u0131n da g\u00fcney bat\u0131 kesimini i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Botan \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi ise K\u00fcrtlerin atalar\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Karduklar\u0131n memleketidir.<\/p>\n Yine\u00a0Heredot<\/a>, Ermenilerin milattan \u00f6nce bin y\u0131llar\u0131nda Trakya B\u00f6lgesi’nden bu b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiklerini, Friglerin bir kolu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler ise Friglerin de Bat\u0131\u2019ya, Trakya\u2019ya Kafkasya\u2019dan gittiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Her ne olursa olsun, Ermeniler en az 3 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r bu topraklarda ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Ermeniler kendilerine Ermeni de\u011fil\u00a0\u2018Hay\u2019<\/em>, \u00fclkelerine de Ermenistan de\u011fil\u00a0\u2018Hayastan\u2019\u00a0<\/em>diyorlar.<\/p>\n Filologlar\u0131n iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0\u2018Ermina-Armina\u2019\u00a0<\/em>kelimesi Pehlevice\u2019de (Eski Fars\u00e7a)\u00a0\u2018y\u00fcksek \u00fclke\u2019, \u2018da\u011fl\u0131k \u00fclke\u2019<\/em>\u00a0anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n Ermenilerin bu 3 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bilinen tarihleri, t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer halklar\u0131n tarihlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi ac\u0131 tatl\u0131 olaylarla dolu.<\/p>\n Asurlular, Makedonyal\u0131 \u0130skender, Roma, Bizans, Pers, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Sel\u00e7uklu, Memluklu, Osmanl\u0131, Safavi, Arap, K\u00fcrt ve Ruslarla ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ili\u015fkileri var.<\/p>\n Hz. \u0130sa\u2019dan sonra 301 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aziz Gregor vas\u0131tasiyle H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Ortodoks Grogeryan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Ermeniler, tarih i\u00e7inde Anadolu\u2019nun Do\u011fu ve Kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinden g\u00fcneye ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru, K\u00fcrtler ise hem kuzeye, hem de bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek yay\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Bir m\u00fcddet sonra tarihi s\u0131n\u0131rlar silinerek K\u00fcrtler, Ermeniler ve T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ermeniler Klikya B\u00f6lgesinden (Alanya\u2019dan, Mersin, Adana, D\u00f6rtyol\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lge) Edirne, Bursa, \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir, K\u00fctahya, Diyarbekir, Halep ve Beyrut\u2019a kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Zamanla bir Hind-Avrupa dili olan Ermenice de kendi i\u00e7inde a\u011f\u0131z ve leh\u00e7elere ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve Do\u011fu\u2019da Erivan ve \u00e7evresindekiler\u00a0\u2018Do\u011fu Ermenicesi\u2019\u00a0<\/em>Bat\u0131dakiler ise\u00a0\u2018Bat\u0131 Ermenicesi\u2019<\/em>\u00a0diyalektlerini konu\u015fur oldular.<\/p>\n Tarih i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok Ermeni krall\u0131k ve beyli\u011fi oldu. En son 1375 y\u0131l\u0131nda Klikya\u2019daki Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Memluklular taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca o tarihten sonra tamamen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman y\u00f6neticilerin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girdiler.<\/p>\n Ermeniler Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi ile \u00e7ok iyi ili\u015fkiler kurdular. Sanat, ticaret, musiki ve mimarideki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131sa bir zamanda toplum i\u00e7inde ilerlemelerine, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve servet sahibi olmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Hem k\u0131rsal kesimde, k\u00f6y ve kasabalarda, hem de \u015fehirlerde \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015filer oldular.<\/p>\n Bunun yan\u0131nda milli\u00a0\u2018H\u0131ristiyan, Gregoryen, Ermeni\u2019\u00a0<\/em>kimliklerini de muhafaza ettiler. 405 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Ermeni din adam\u0131 Mesrop Ma\u015ftots (361-441) taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan ve 38 harften olu\u015fan bir alfabe kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile uyumlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendilerine\u00a0\u2018Sad\u0131k Millet\u2019\u00a0<\/em>anlam\u0131na gelen\u00a0\u2018Milleti Sad\u0131ka\u2019\u00a0<\/em>ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n \u201cOsmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde her \u015fey \u00e7ok iyiydi, hi\u00e7bir ciddi sorun yoktu, her \u015fey g\u00fcll\u00fck g\u00fclistanl\u0131kt\u0131\u201d\u00a0<\/em>demek tabii ki ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir s\u00f6ylem de\u011fil.<\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n da, T\u00fcrklerin, K\u00fcrtlerin, Araplar\u0131n, Arnavutlar\u0131n da her d\u00f6nem sorunlar\u0131 oldu. S\u00fcnniler de, Aleviler de d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem isyan ettiler.<\/p>\n Simavna Kad\u0131s\u0131 \u015eeyh Bedreddin\u2019den, Pir Sultan Abdal\u2019a; Celalilerden Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, Tepedelenli Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019dan, Botan Miri K\u00fcrt Bedirhan Bey\u2019e kadar onlarca, y\u00fczlerce isyan, ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n Ermenilerin, Ermeni kimli\u011fi ile ilk tepkileri 18. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu tarihlerde Ermeni toplumu kendi i\u00e7inde de \u00f6nceleri Katolik, sonralar\u0131 ise Protestan misyonerlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ortodoks Gregoryen Ermeni Kilisesi, Katoliklik ve Protestanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7en Ermenilere \u00e7ok sert yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulad\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n bir listesini haz\u0131rlayarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131, en az\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmeleri talebiyle padi\u015faha ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n Bir di\u011fer \u00e7eki\u015fme de Klasik \u00e7izgide direnen kilise ile yeni yeti\u015fen ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni fikirlerin etkisindeki Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, kendi toplumlar\u0131nda da bu do\u011frultuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 1701 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sivasl\u0131 Mkhitar Vartabed \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan Ermeniler; k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in modern okullar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u0130stanbul halk diline dayal\u0131 yeni yaz\u0131 dilinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve Bat\u0131\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan eserlerin Ermenice\u2019ye \u00e7evrilebilmesi i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok konuda kiliseyi de kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na alarak bir reform hareketi ba\u015flatt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda II. Mahmut, Katolik devletler Fransa, Avusturya ve \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131yla Ermeni Katoliklerini de bir cemaat olarak kabul etti.<\/p>\n 1839\u2019da ilan edilen Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 sonras\u0131, 1847\u2019de Patrikhane\u2019de 14 ruhan\u00ee \u00fcyeden olu\u015fan bir Meclis-i Ruhan\u00ee olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca yar\u0131s\u0131 Ermeni asillerinden (Amiralar), di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 da Ermeni sanatkarlardan olu\u015fan 20 ki\u015filik bir Y\u00fcksek Meclis kuruldu.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fik kavimlere mensup (Ermeni, Rum, S\u00fcryani…) Protestanlar da 1850 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bask\u0131lar\u0131yla\u00a0\u2018Protestan Milleti\u2019<\/em>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Tanzimatla birlikte klasik\u00a0\u2018Zimmi\u2019<\/em>\u00a0hukukundan e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru ilerleyen Osmanl\u0131 siyasal d\u00fczeni gayrim\u00fcslimlere bu do\u011frultuda bir\u00e7ok yeni hak tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n 1856 Islahat Ferman\u0131 ile Ermenilere de vilayet ve belediye meclislerine ve Meclis-i Ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 Adliye\u2019ye \u00fcye olabilme hakk\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca gayrim\u00fcslimlerin olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 meclislere sadece Ruhanilerin de\u011fil, halk temsilcilerinin de kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki dini esaslara g\u00f6re\u00a0\u2018Millet Sistemi\u2019\u00a0<\/em>yerine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k esas\u0131na dayal\u0131\u00a0\u2018Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k\u2019<\/em>\u00a0anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok Ermeni; valilik, el\u00e7ilik naz\u0131rl\u0131k (bakanl\u0131k) g\u00f6revlerine getirildi.<\/p>\n Orijinal ad\u0131yla Nizamname-i Millet-i Ermeniyan, (Ermeni Milleti Nizamnamesi) Ermeni cemaatine mensup din adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rland\u0131 ve Patrik taraf\u0131ndan 24 May\u0131s 1860 tarihinde onayland\u0131.<\/p>\n 1862\u2019de Bab\u0131\u00e2li yani Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, nizamnameyi padi\u015fah\u0131n onay\u0131na sundu. 29 Mart 1862 tarihinde Padi\u015fah nizamnameyi onaylad\u0131 (Uras, 1987, s. 159).<\/p>\n Bab\u0131\u00e2li, Patri\u011fe g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 17 Mart 1863 tarihli emirnameyle nizamnamenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fini bildirdi (Bebiro\u011flu, 2003, s. 76).<\/p>\n 99 maddeden olu\u015fan nizamnamenin, 1-7’nci maddeleri \u0130stanbul Ermeni Patri\u011finin se\u00e7im usul\u00fc ve esaslar\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n 8-12’nci maddeleri Patri\u011fin g\u00f6revlerini,<\/p>\n 13-16’nc\u0131 maddeler Patrikhane kalemini,<\/p>\n 7-23’nc\u00fc maddeler Kud\u00fcs Patri\u011fini, 24-35’nci maddeler Ruhan\u00ee Meclisi, 36-43’nc\u00fc maddeler Cisman\u00ee Meclisi,<\/p>\n 44-51’nci maddeler Cisman\u00ee Meclis taraf\u0131ndan kurulan komisyonlar\u0131, 52-56’nc\u0131 maddeler Semt ve Kilise y\u00f6netimleri konusunu,<\/p>\n 57-71’inci maddeler Genel Meclisin olu\u015fumu, \u00fcyelerin se\u00e7im ko\u015fullar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve g\u00f6revlerini,<\/p>\n 72-84’nc\u00fc maddeler oylar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n 85-89’uncu maddeler meclislerin ve komisyonlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemini,<\/p>\n 90-93’\u00fcnc\u00fc maddeler yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 millet fertlerine yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131m\u0131n esaslar\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n 94-98’inci maddeler ruhan\u00ee \u00f6nderlik konusunu,<\/p>\n 99’uncu ve son madde ise ileriki y\u0131llarda yeni bir yap\u0131lanma gerekti\u011finde Ruhan\u00ee ve Cisman\u00ee Meclisin nas\u0131l bir yol izleyece\u011fini d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu geli\u015fmeler do\u011frultusunda belli bir hukuki stat\u00fc elde eden Ermeniler, 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan edilen I. Me\u015frutiyet sonras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u0131\u2019nda da temsil edildiler.<\/p>\n 80 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 50 gayrim\u00fcslimden olu\u015fmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan meclis, baz\u0131 vilayetlerde de\u011fi\u015fik sebeplerle se\u00e7im yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 nedeniyle 69 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 46 gayrim\u00fcslim olmak \u00fczere 115 \u00fcye ile topland\u0131.<\/p>\n Se\u00e7ilen 46 gayrim\u00fcslim milletvekilinin Rumlardan sonra en kalabal\u0131k grubu Ermenilerdi.<\/p>\n Ermeni-Rus ili\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n Ermenilerin, Ruslarla ilk siyasi ili\u015fkileri Ruslar\u0131n\u00a0Kafkasya<\/a>\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali ile ba\u015flad\u0131. Kuzeydeki Rusya steplerinden, g\u00fcneye Kafkasya\u2019ya do\u011fru inen Ruslar bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015famakta olan \u00c7erkes, \u00c7e\u00e7en, Avar ve Azeriler gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar\u0131n diren\u00e7leri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Sonralar\u0131\u00a0\u015eeyh \u015eamil<\/a>\u00a0gibi m\u00fccahidlerin \u00f6nderli\u011finde y\u0131llarca Ruslarla sava\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar, Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlara tabi tutuldular ve Anadolu topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131l s\u00fcren ve sonras\u0131nda da devam eden bu Rus i\u015fgali d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczbinlerce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, \u00c7erkes, \u00c7e\u00e7en, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrk…hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Ruslar,\u00a0\u0130ran<\/a>\u00a0egemenli\u011finde ya\u015famakta olan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu\u00a0Azeriler<\/a>den olu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015fgal ettiler.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015famakta olan H\u0131ristiyan Ermeniler, H\u0131ristiyan olan Ruslar\u0131 desteklediler.<\/p>\n 22 \u015eubat 1828\u2019de\u00a0Rusya<\/a>\u00a0ile\u00a0\u0130ran<\/a>\u00a0aras\u0131nda imzalanan T\u00fcrkmen\u00e7ay Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile\u00a0Azerbaycan<\/a>\u00a0fiilen ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Rusya i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Nah\u00e7\u0131van ve Revan Hanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile Azerilerin yerle\u015fik oldu\u011fu Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek, Mart 1828\u2019de Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir Ermeni vilayeti olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n Vilayet\u2019teki Ermeni n\u00fcfusun azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019dan 40 bin, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dan 100 bin Ermeni getirerek buraya yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n 93 Harbi (Rumi 1293) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda da b\u00f6lgedeki Ermeniler Ruslar\u0131 destekledi ve 1828\u2019de i\u015fgal edilen I\u011fd\u0131r\u2019a ilaveten Kars, Ardahan, Artvin ve Batum da i\u015fgal edildi.<\/p>\n Rumeli\u2019de ilerleyen Rus birlikleri \u0130stanbul \u00f6nlerine kadar ilerledi, 3 Mart1878\u2019de imzalanan Ayestefanos (Ye\u015filk\u00f6y) Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16’nc\u0131 maddesi ile 13 Temmuz 1878\u2019de imzalanan Berlin Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 61’nci maddeleri ile\u00a0\u2018Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 vilayetlerde acilen reformlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Ermenilerin, K\u00fcrtlerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131\u2019\u00a0<\/em>\u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Avusturya Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Almanya ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n garant\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ermeni \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve siyasi partileri<\/strong><\/p>\n Ermeniler aras\u0131nda modern anlamda ilk \u00f6rg\u00fct ve parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Ayestefanos ve Berlin Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Ancak bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden itibaren e\u011fitim, yard\u0131m ve hay\u0131r cemiyetleri kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerden ilki 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Klikya\u2019da (Adana-Mersin) kurulan\u00a0\u2018Hay\u0131rsever Cemiyeti<\/em>\u2019 ve hemen arkas\u0131ndan kurulan\u00a0\u201cFedekarlar Cemiyeti\u201d<\/em>dir.<\/p>\n 7 May\u0131s 1866\u2019da Serop Aznavur \u00f6nderli\u011finde bir grup Ermeni,\u00a0\u2018Ser\u2019<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 Mason Locas\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.<\/p>\n 1870\u2019te\u00a0\u201cOkul Sevenler Cemiyeti\u201d<\/em>, 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0\u201cAraratl\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Cemiyeti, 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0\u201cDo\u011fu\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0\u201cKilikya\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Cemiyetleri, 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019da\u00a0\u201cSilahl\u0131lar Cemiyeti\u201d, \u201cKad\u0131nlar Cemiyeti\u201d,<\/em>\u00a01880\u2019de Van\u2019da M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Portakalyan taraf\u0131ndan gizli\u00a0\u201cErmeni Yurtta\u015flar Birli\u011fi\u201d,<\/em>\u00a01881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019da\u00a0\u201cAnavatan Savunucular\u0131 Cemiyeti\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ve 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda da\u00a0\u201cKara Ha\u00e7 Cemiyeti\u201d\u00a0<\/em>kuruldu.<\/p>\n Araratl\u0131, Okul Sevenler\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0Do\u011fu Cemiyetleri\u00a0<\/em>daha sonra\u00a0\u201cErmeni Birlik Cemiyeti\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, kurulan bu cemiyetlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Ermenilerin sosyal durumlar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layan hay\u0131r kurulu\u015flar\u0131 iken, bir m\u00fcddet sonra h\u0131zla siyasi hedefleri olan \u00f6rg\u00fctler kurularak \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu do\u011frultuda 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Erzurum<\/a>\u2019da kurulan\u00a0\u201cAnavatan Savunucular\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0cemiyeti silahl\u0131 birlikler olu\u015fturan ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctlerdendir.<\/p>\n
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