{"id":60694,"date":"2020-12-22T02:48:18","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T07:48:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=60694"},"modified":"2020-12-22T02:48:18","modified_gmt":"2020-12-22T07:48:18","slug":"imparatorluk-projesi-yerebatan-sarnici-deprem-riski-ile-karsi-karsiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=60694","title":{"rendered":"\u0130mparatorluk projesi Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 deprem riski ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gergi kiri\u015flerinin olas\u0131 bir depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feler var.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Melike \u00c7apan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir sarn\u0131\u00e7. \u0130stanbul\u2019un en \u00f6nemli su kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 bir zamanlar. Bir imparatorluk projesi; Bazilika Sarn\u0131c\u0131 bir di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2026 1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k yap\u0131, Bizans\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kapal\u0131 rezervuar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019un g\u00f6rkemli tarihsel yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan sarn\u0131c\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 336 s\u00fctunun hepsi ba\u015fka eski yap\u0131lardan aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Medusa\u2019n\u0131n ters bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alt\u0131nda zamanlara meydan okuyan yap\u0131 yaln\u0131zca kendi tarihini de\u011fil, ba\u015fta s\u00fctunlar olmak \u00fczere dev\u015firme malzemeyle kendinden \u00f6nceki mimari d\u00f6nemin tarihine de at\u0131f yap\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn bir kez daha g\u00fcndeme gelen Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n olas\u0131 bir deprem riskinde olu\u015fabilecek b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hasarlar\u0131n meydana gelmemesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gerekiyor. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi, haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme projesini ge\u00e7en aylarda K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Koruma B\u00f6lge Kurulu\u2019na g\u00f6nderdi. \u0130BB Genel Sekreter Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mahir Polat, kurulun g\u00f6nderdikleri projeye 52 g\u00fcn sonra ret yan\u0131t\u0131 verdi\u011fini duyurdu. \u0130BB K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Oktay \u00d6zel de, Polat\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sarn\u0131c\u0131n bekleyemez halde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Art arda \u00e7\u0131kan haberlerin ard\u0131ndan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Koruma Kurulu yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131 ve \u201chaberlerin as\u0131ls\u0131z\u201d oldu\u011funu ifade etti. A\u00e7\u0131klamada, Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birinci grup korunmas\u0131 gereken ta\u015f\u0131nmaz k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tescilli oldu\u011fu ve D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 Listesi\u2019nde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kurulun 9 Aral\u0131k 2020 tarihinde yerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 inceleme sonras\u0131nda olumsuz bir karar olu\u015fturulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilen a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u0130BB taraf\u0131ndan sunulan statik raporda de\u011ferlendirmelerin yap\u0131 m\u00fchendisli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, herhangi bir uygulamaya ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce planlanan uygulaman\u0131n restorasyon, mimarl\u0131k, malzeme bilimi ve koruma konusunda uzman ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve yine uzman ki\u015filerce haz\u0131rlanan g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme projelerinin iletilmesinin istendi\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131<\/p>\n

\u201cBizans\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck rezervuar\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n

20 y\u0131ld\u0131r Bizans mimarisi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Arkeoloji ve Mimarl\u0131k Tarih\u00e7isi Dr. Kerim Altu\u011f yap\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel s\u00fcrecini anlatarak, Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019daki en \u00f6nemli an\u0131tsal b\u00f6lgesinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru Justinianus taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Altu\u011f, yap\u0131n\u0131n bir imparatorluk projesi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Altu\u011f, \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un su ihtiyac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan sarn\u0131\u00e7, 336 s\u00fctun \u00fczerine tonozlu \u00f6rt\u00fc sistemine sahip b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rezervuar\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Altu\u011f, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir an\u0131t eserinin olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kapal\u0131 sarn\u0131\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda Yerebatan\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6neme sahip oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. Altu\u011f, yap\u0131n\u0131n Unesco D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 listesinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnlerde yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelen sarn\u0131c\u0131n mevcut s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gergi kiri\u015flerinin olas\u0131 bir depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feler var. Dr. Kerim Altu\u011f, tarihi sarn\u0131\u00e7ta d\u00f6nemin yap\u0131 ustalar\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 gergi sistemini anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir gergi kiri\u015fi olmas\u0131 gerekir. Geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 i\u00e7eren yap\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu s\u00fctunlar\u0131n her birinin \u00fczerinde ah\u015fap kiri\u015fler vard\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcn hallerinde bunlar mevcuttu. D\u00f6nemin yap\u0131 ustalar\u0131, \u0130stanbul bir deprem b\u00f6lgesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bunun bilincinde olarak riske kar\u015f\u0131 gergi kiri\u015fi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f. Nitekim bunlar a\u011fa\u00e7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in zamanla yok olmu\u015flar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar dayanamam\u0131\u015f ancak 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan restorasyonlarda metal gergi kiri\u015flerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu gergi kiri\u015flerinin s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer alan kemer kesitlerinde devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Altu\u011f, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcde var olan sistemine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi. Altu\u011f, \u201cHerhangi bir deprem meydana geldi\u011fi zaman gergi kiri\u015fleri olmazsa, sal\u0131n\u0131m her b\u00f6lgede farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde meydana gelir. B\u00f6lgesel y\u0131k\u0131lmalar meydana gelebilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131n\u0131n gelecek nesillere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda gergi kiri\u015finin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Altu\u011f, insanl\u0131k tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir mimari eserin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu ve bu sistemin yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale gelmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\u201cGergi kiri\u015flerinin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok, deformasyon var\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Oktay \u00d6zel, g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda mevcut gergilerin s\u00fcreklili\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark ettiklerini dile getirdi. \u00d6zel, \u201cS\u00fctun ba\u015f\u0131ndaki gergi bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda gergilerin devam etmedi\u011fini ve var olan gergilerde de yo\u011fun bir hasar, deformasyonlar fark ettik. Bu kapsamda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geni\u015flettik. Yap\u0131 modellendi ve olas\u0131 \u0130stanbul depremi baz al\u0131nd\u0131. Yap\u0131da yo\u011fun deformasyon ihtimali ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu kapsamda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme projesi haz\u0131rlad\u0131k ve Koruma Kurulu\u2019na ilettik\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Projeyi 53 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Koruma Kurulu\u2019na ilettiklerini s\u00f6yleyen \u00d6zel, \u201cDurumun aciliyetini ve deprem davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu, tehlike i\u00e7erdi\u011fi notuyla iletildi\u201d dedi. \u00d6zel, Koruma Kurulu\u2019nun projeyi teslimden 47 g\u00fcn sonra konuyu ele ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti:<\/p>\n

\u201c47\u2019inci yerinde inceleme karar\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Koruma Kurulu \u00fcyelerini Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019nda a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131k. Detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde anlat\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yapt\u0131k. Hatta iskeleye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Gergilerinin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve deformasyonlar\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6rme \u015fans\u0131 buldular fakat o g\u00fcn karar \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden topland\u0131 B\u00f6lge Koruma Kurulu ve konuyu tekrar m\u00fctalaa ettiler.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130BB K\u00fclt\u00fcr Varl\u0131klar\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan temsilcilerin toplant\u0131da bilimsel dan\u0131\u015fma heyeti taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f raporunu da bir kez daha \u00fcyelere iletti\u011fini belirten \u00d6zel, kurulun raporu dikkate almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni bir kararla projeyi reddetti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Karara itiraz ettiklerini s\u00f6yleyen \u00d6zel, Koruma Kurulu\u2019ndan bir geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f beklediklerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

\u201c1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k yap\u0131n\u0131n hasar almas\u0131na g\u00f6z yumma \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z var m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel, tarihi yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun ta\u015f, tu\u011fla ya da mermer gibi malzemelerden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak, yap\u0131sal anlamda zay\u0131f olan bu elemanlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren gergi \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti. Tarih boyunca eserlerin bu teknikte yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden \u00d6zel, \u201cBizansl\u0131 yap\u0131 ustalar\u0131 Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yaparken yap\u0131n\u0131n depreme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in gergi \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015flar\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. Gergi \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine de\u011finen \u00d6zel, gergilerin olmamas\u0131 ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 durumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck hasarlar alabilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. \u00d6zel, Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019nda \u015fu an bu gergi \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevini yerine getiremedi\u011fini anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eu an sarn\u0131c\u0131n gergi elemanlar\u0131 yok. B\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirmek gerekiyor. G\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczle bir gergi eleman\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ancak i\u015flevini yerine getiremez halde. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fu anlama geliyor: Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 olas\u0131 \u0130stanbul depreminde hasar alacak. Bu hasar\u0131n seviyesi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7atlak olu\u015fabilir, mermer s\u00fctunlar \u00e7\u00f6kebilir ya da Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 yerle bir olur. Bilemiyorum. Hasar\u0131n seviyesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek \u015fu an \u00e7ok zor. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 10-12 s\u00fctunun ciddi hasar alabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Ancak diyelim ki \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hasar als\u0131n; 1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir yap\u0131n\u0131n hasar almas\u0131na g\u00f6z yumma \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z var m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel, beklenen bir \u0130stanbul depremi ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi yap\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u00d6zel, ayr\u0131ca tarihi yap\u0131n\u0131n ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131k bir m\u00fcze oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatarak \u201cyap\u0131sal zafiyeti g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, h\u0131zla m\u00fcdahale edilmeli\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

2863 say\u0131l\u0131 Koruma Kanunu tarihi alanlarda, yap\u0131larda Koruma Kurulu\u2019nun onay\u0131 olmadan m\u00fcdahale yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak \u00d6zel, kurula sunduklar\u0131 projenin bilimsel ilkelere uygun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, onaylanmama ihtimalini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmediklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Aksi y\u00f6nde bir karar\u0131n sarn\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in felaket olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren \u00d6zel, \u201cKoruma Kurulu reddetmez bu projeyi sadece biz s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak zaman kayb\u0131 ya\u015far\u0131z. Bu zaman kayb\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famaya ger\u00e7ekten gerek yok. \u0130stanbul bir deprem \u015fehri. \u0130stanbul\u2019un tarihi sayfalar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc deprem tecr\u00fcbeleri var. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeden g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme projesini yapmak gerekiyor. Proje onaylanmazsa bu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyiz. O zaman hepimiz insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu oluruz. Bu tarz \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131n\u0131n hasar almas\u0131na kimse g\u00f6z yummaz. K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Koruma B\u00f6lge Kurullar\u0131 t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki tarihi yap\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli koruyucu unsurudur. Onlar\u0131n duyars\u0131z kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyoruz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\n

Independent Turkce<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gergi kiri\u015flerinin olas\u0131 bir depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feler var. Melike \u00c7apan Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir sarn\u0131\u00e7. \u0130stanbul\u2019un en \u00f6nemli su kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 bir zamanlar. Bir imparatorluk projesi; Bazilika Sarn\u0131c\u0131 bir di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2026 1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k yap\u0131, Bizans\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kapal\u0131 rezervuar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019un g\u00f6rkemli tarihsel yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan sarn\u0131c\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 336 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":60695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-istanbul"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130mparatorluk projesi Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 deprem riski ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=60694\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130mparatorluk projesi Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 deprem riski ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1500 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gergi kiri\u015flerinin olas\u0131 bir depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feler var. Melike \u00c7apan Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir sarn\u0131\u00e7. \u0130stanbul\u2019un en \u00f6nemli su kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 bir zamanlar. 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