Zor ile ay\u0131rd\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\u015eiir \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u2018korku\u2019 teline dokundu. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Cevad Zarif, \u201cKimse Erdo\u011fan’a, Bak\u00fc’de yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla okudu\u011fu \u015fiirin, Aras Nehri\u2019nin kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinin \u0130ran’\u0131n ana topraklar\u0131ndan zorla ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememi\u015f. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nin egemenli\u011fine zarar verdi\u011finin fark\u0131nda de\u011fil miydi?\u201d diye i\u011fneledi.
\nArd\u0131ndan Tahran\u2019daki T\u00fcrk B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri\u2019ne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye misliyle yan\u0131t verdi. Bir de AKP, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, saray ve meclisten sert a\u00e7\u0131klamalar geldi.
\n\u0130ran da alttan almad\u0131. Meclis\u2019te 286 vekilden 225\u2019i ortak a\u00e7\u0131klamayla \u201cErdo\u011fan’\u0131n ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir dil kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle k\u0131n\u0131yoruz” dedi. \u00dcstelik baz\u0131 yetkililer, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 \u0130ran topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6z diken son diktat\u00f6r Saddam\u2019a benzetip ak\u0131betini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131! D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu yanl\u0131\u015f anlamay\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in Zarif\u2019i arad\u0131. \u0130ran taraf\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi hassasiyetlerin fark\u0131nda olmadan \u015fiiri okudu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda yok tabii.
\nIrak\u2019tan Suriye\u2019ye, Hizbullah\u2019tan PKK\u2019ye kadar nice ayr\u0131l\u0131k konular\u0131n\u0131, bir Tahran-Ankara bunal\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeden ge\u00e7i\u015ftirmi\u015f iki \u00fclkeyi bir \u015fiir fena halde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi.<\/p>\n
\u201cAlt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fc bir \u015fiir, bu kadar al\u0131nganl\u0131k niye?\u201d diye soranlar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Lakin T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahaleci seyri ve Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Bak\u00fc\u2019de ba\u015fka zaferler vaat etmesi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir \u015fiir bir s\u00fcr\u00fc \u015feye dokunabiliyor. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili korkular\u0131n\u0131n yersiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmadan \u00f6nce Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 te\u015fkil eden Aras\u2019a g\u00f6nderme yapmas\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015fu yorumuyla birlikte okuyal\u0131m:
\n\u201cG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Tebriz\u2019de ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi hafife al\u0131namayacak kadar \u00f6nemli\u2026 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te her anlamda Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 \u0130ran T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in de gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik umut kayna\u011f\u0131 haline geldi.\u201d
\n\u0130li\u015fkilerde epey zamand\u0131r artan gaz s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonunda bir m\u0131sra ile infilak etti. \u015eiir \u0130ran\u2019da idrak edilendir, m\u0131sralar\u0131n tesiri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunu da not etmeli.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Gelelim bir \u015fiirin nerelere kadar gidebildi\u011fine\u2026
\nHer \u015feyden \u00f6nce Karaba\u011f sava\u015f\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da denkleme girmesi ve stat\u00fckonun bozulmas\u0131 sadece \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil ba\u015fka etnik fay hatlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlarla ilgili kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran, SSCB sonras\u0131 1991\u2019de ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan\u2019la ili\u015fkilerini birini di\u011ferine feda etmeden g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu haliyle \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn nazar\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 kay\u0131ran bir \u00e7izgideydi. Ankara da bunu hep b\u00f6yle g\u00f6rd\u00fc.
\nTahran 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019daki meselelere etnik, dini ve mezhebi ba\u011flar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde stratejik ger\u00e7eklikle yakla\u015f\u0131yor. Azerbaycan\u2019la mezhebi ve etnik payda\u015fl\u0131k Bak\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilerde kataliz\u00f6r etkisi de\u011fil kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 temkinlilik hatta ku\u015fku yaratt\u0131. Bak\u00fc taraf\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u015eii kanaldan rejim ihra\u00e7 etmesi korkusu; Tahran taraf\u0131nda ABD ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u2018Kuzey Azerbaycan\u2019 \u00fczerinden \u2018G\u00fcney Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 ka\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 endi\u015fesi belirleyiciydi. Ayr\u0131ca Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n stratejik ortakl\u0131kta tercihini ABD\u2019den yana koyup \u0130srail\u2019le askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fini derinle\u015ftirmesi Tahran\u2019\u0131 hep uyan\u0131k pozisyonda tuttu.
\nBir taraftan da y\u0131llarca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u0130ran\u2019daki Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda etnik fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 canland\u0131rma potansiyeli \u00fczerinde durula geldi. CIA de 1979 sonras\u0131 Tahran\u2019la hesapla\u015f\u0131rken T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden \u0130ran Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in az \u00e7aba sarf etmedi. Haliyle ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de olan bir hassasiyetten s\u00f6z ediyoruz. Bu ge\u00e7mi\u015fte G\u00fcney ve Kuzey Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n yeniden birle\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6neren Ebulfez El\u00e7ibey gibi liderler de var.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran g\u00fcvenlik stratejisini, d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahalelerin etnik hatlar \u00fczerinden gelece\u011fi senaryosuna g\u00f6re kuruyor. Bat\u0131da Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yaslanan K\u00fcrdistan, g\u00fcneybat\u0131da Araplar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Huzistan (Ahvaz), yine g\u00fcneyde Arap yo\u011funluklu H\u00fcrm\u00fczgan, g\u00fcneybat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneyde Luristan ve yine Lurlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kohkiluye ve Buyer Ahmed, kuzeybat\u0131da T\u00fcrkiye, Irak ve Nah\u00e7\u0131van (Azerbaycan)\u00a0\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan, kuzeyde Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Azerbaycan, kuzeyde Mazandaran, yine kuzeyde T\u00fcrkmen yurdu G\u00fclistan ve K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kuzey Horasan, do\u011fuda T\u00fcrkmen, Pe\u015ftun ve Beluclar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreliyor. Bu tam anlam\u0131yla etnik bir \u00e7ember. Bu \u00e7emberde bir halkan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle etnik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmenin ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 korkusu \u0130ran siyasetine hem esneklik hem sertlik kat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019da Azerbaycan denilince akla Ka\u00e7ar Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131na b\u0131rakan G\u00fclistan (1813) ve T\u00fcrkmen\u00e7ay (1828) antla\u015fmalar\u0131 geliyor. Yani Aras\u2019\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ra d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren anla\u015fmalar. \u0130ran Meclisi Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik ve D\u0131\u015f Politika Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 M\u00fccteba Z\u00fcnnur, \u201cErdo\u011fan tarih, edebiyat ve co\u011frafyada s\u0131n\u0131fta kalmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, bu \u015fiirin, Azerbaycan’\u0131n ana vatan\u0131 \u0130ran’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yas\u0131n\u0131 tutarken yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirdi\u201d diyor.\u00a0Yani milliyet\u00e7i saiklerle arada s\u0131rada g\u00fcncellenen \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Azerbaycan\u2019 \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcndeki topraklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019da. Azerbaycan n\u00fcfusunun en az \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 kadar Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00fc de \u0130ran\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130ran\u2019da da birileri e\u011fer \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Azerbaycan\u2019a g\u00f6nderme yapacaksa kendisini G\u00fcney Azerbaycanl\u0131 olarak niteliyor. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n etnik fay hatlar\u0131 endi\u015fesi ger\u00e7ek ama ayn\u0131 zamanda etnisiteyle ili\u015fkisi Rusya Federasyonu\u2019ndan geri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7ok ileri. \u0130ran idari sisteminde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyaletlerden ikisi Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan ve Do\u011fu Azerbaycan isimleriyle etnisiteye matuf. Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerle payla\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bir de K\u00fcrdistan eyaleti var. \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Azerbaycan\u2019 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arsan\u0131z g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek \u201cAna g\u00f6vde \u0130ran\u2019da oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re korkuya mahal yok\u201d derler. \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Azerbaycan kurulacaksa kuzey g\u00fcneye kat\u0131l\u0131r, tarihte oldu\u011fu gibi.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ama as\u0131l korku, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 birle\u015ftiren \u00fcst \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n sihrini yitirmesi. Hep denir ki Farslar ile Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri \u015eiilik \u00fczerinden ittifak kurdu. Bu ittifak\u0131 savunulabilir ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in \u2018\u0130ranl\u0131\u2019 \u00fcs kimli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ranl\u0131 kimli\u011fi di\u011fer mezhebi, dini ve etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 da bir arada tutuyor. Ka\u00e7arlardan sonra Pehlevi Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Perslik \u00fczerinden ulus devlet in\u015fa etmeye y\u00f6nelince Azerbaycanl\u0131lar biraz \u00f6tekile\u015ftirildi. 1979 \u0130ran \u0130slam Devrimi ise Azerbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim beklentisine sokmu\u015ftu. Ne var ki Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin resmi dil olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131, anadilde e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zerklik gibi beklentiler kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 15\u2019inci maddesi Fars\u00e7ay\u0131 resmi dil olarak belirlerken \u201cAncak etnik unsurlar\u0131n dillerinin bas\u0131n ve medyada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve okullarda Fars\u00e7an\u0131n yan\u0131nda e\u011fitilmesi serbesttir\u201d diyor. Bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lanlar \u015funlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131: Az\u0131nl\u0131k dillerinde kitap, gazete, dergi bas\u0131lmas\u0131; az\u0131nl\u0131k dillerine has kanal de\u011fil devlet TV ve radyolar\u0131nda programlar, Ruhani d\u00f6neminde \u00fcniversitelerde Azerbaycan Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131k dillerinin okullarda se\u00e7meli ders olarak okutulmas\u0131 vs.<\/p>\n
Kendisi de bir Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00fc olan dini lider Ayetullah Ali Hamaney ailelerden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na anadillerini \u00f6\u011fretmelerini istese de bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla devlet politikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. Tabii T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cK\u00fcrtlerin siyasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok edilmesi gereken ha\u015fereler\u201d olarak g\u00f6renler dahil tek\u00e7i zevat\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019da az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndemle\u015ftirmeleri de ayr\u0131 bir ironi.
\nBuna kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tarih bagaj\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m gibi ac\u0131 bir y\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Ermenilerle ili\u015fkileri farkl\u0131 bir boyutta. \u0130ran b\u00f6lgede Ermenilerin rahat ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Ermeniler kota ile meclise iki milletvekili g\u00f6nderiyor, kendi okullar\u0131nda anadillerinde e\u011fitim yapabiliyor, \u0130sfahan\u2019daki soyk\u0131r\u0131m m\u00fczesi ve an\u0131t\u0131 gibi 1915\u2019e dair hat\u0131ralar\u0131yla varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterebiliyor. Bu ili\u015fkiler Ermenistan\u2019la temaslara da yans\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Karaba\u011f\u2019da sava\u015f patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n denge politikas\u0131, belli kentlerde Azerbaycanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi hassasiyet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hafif sendeledi. Hamaney\u2019in Tebriz, Erdebil, Zencan ve Urmiye vilayetlerindeki temsilcileri yani cuma imamlar\u0131 Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 \u0130slam ve Azerbaycan topra\u011f\u0131 ilan etti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcileri de BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f 4 karara uygun olarak Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgal etti\u011fi topraklardan \u00e7ekilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Tahran\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisi bunun sava\u015f de\u011fil diyalogla halledilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeydi.
\nBelli ki \u0130ran, Karaba\u011f siyaseti y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda sistemden kopu\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi. Zaten \u00fclke adeta s\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnden ge\u00e7iyor; i\u00e7eride rejime kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fke alttan alta kayn\u0131yor, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ekonomi ecel terleri d\u00f6k\u00fcyor. D\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahale senaryolar\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. B\u00f6ylesi bir zamanda evvela etnik fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7irilece\u011fi korkusu daha da derinle\u015fiyor. Son iki y\u0131lda Ahvaz ve K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgelerindeki sald\u0131r\u0131lar bir deneme olarak kayda ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen Tahran\u2019\u0131n da yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 rejimin en payda\u015f etnik az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6teden beri direngen T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc bir damara ilaveten rejime duyulan \u00f6fke ve \u00fcmitsizli\u011fin etkisiyle artan milliyet\u00e7i aray\u0131\u015flar bir vak\u0131a. Ancak bu e\u011filim \u015eiilik ve \u0130ranl\u0131l\u0131k kimli\u011finin belirleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131yor. Azerbaycanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler sadece merkeze de\u011fil sistemin i\u00e7ine ziyadesiyle ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumdalar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kafkasya maceras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ranl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in de umut verdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlerin belki \u0130ran atlas\u0131na, tarihine, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, mimarisine ve elbette \u015fiirine yak\u0131ndan bakmalar\u0131 faydal\u0131 olabilir. En az\u0131ndan diplomatik felaketlere yol a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f olurlar. Elbette b\u00f6l\u00fcnme korkusunu biraz abartsa da mevcut tablo Tahran\u2019\u0131n seyirci kalamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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