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T\u00fcrkiye bas\u0131n tarihinin en \u00f6nemli kalemlerinden Sabiha-Zekeriya Sertel \u00e7iftinin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131, 4 Aral\u0131k 1945\u2019te Tan gazetesine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131. Serteller fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 tutumlar\u0131yla simgele\u015fti, fakat onlar\u0131n bu m\u00fccadeleleri hi\u00e7bir zaman t\u00fcm kesimleri kapsamad\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/p>\n Sabiha-Zekeriya Sertel \u00e7ifti tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye bas\u0131n tarihinin en \u00f6nemli kalemleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Onlar\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 bir konuma yerle\u015ftiren, Tan gazetesinin \u201cSovyet dostlu\u011fu ve fa\u015fizm d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d g\u00fctmesiydi. Zekeriya Sertel\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u201cSovyet dostlu\u011fu\u201d Mustafa Kemal\u2019in b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mirast\u0131 ve hayattayken \u201cs\u0131k s\u0131k bas\u0131na T\u00fcrk-Sovyet dostlu\u011fu konusunda yaz\u0131lar yazmak i\u00e7in direktifler\u201d vermi\u015fti. Sertellerin gazetesi Tan ise y\u0131llar sonra bu nedenle hedef al\u0131nacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Tan gazetesine sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesinde Serteller, tek \u015fef ve tek parti sistemini ele\u015ftiren G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler dergisini \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131. H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n Tanin gazetesinde \u201cKalk\u0131n Ey Ehli Vatan\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla halk\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtaca\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hedefinde Sabiha Sertel\u2019in dergideki \u201cZincirli H\u00fcrriyet\u201d makalesi vard\u0131. Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019a g\u00f6re bu yaz\u0131dan Sertellerin \u201ck\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 demirlerle, nas\u0131l bir h\u00fcrriyet haz\u0131rlamak\u201d istedikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, \u201ch\u00fcrriyetlerin Rusya u\u011fruna feda edilmesi\u201d ama\u00e7lan\u0131yordu. H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 netti: \u201cBunlar\u0131 susturmak i\u00e7in cevap vermek h\u00fck\u00fcmete d\u00fc\u015fmez. S\u00f6z, eli kalem tutan gazetecilerin ve h\u00fcr vatanda\u015flar\u0131nd\u0131r.\u201d Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, 4 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Tan Matbaas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lacakt\u0131. Sald\u0131rganlar \u201cKahrolsun kom\u00fcnizm, kahrolsun Serteller, ya\u015fas\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Zekeriya Sertel, \u201cHat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131m\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda, H\u00fcseyin Cahit\u2019in tavr\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cdurum a\u00e7\u0131k olmakla beraber g\u00f6zlerime inanamad\u0131m\u201d diyecekti:<\/p>\n \u201cH\u00fcseyin Cahit beni sever ve be\u011fenir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Her kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131zda bana iltifat etmekten geri kalmazd\u0131. Daha bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce kendisiyle bir suarede bulu\u015fmu\u015ftuk. Bana t\u00fcrl\u00fc diller d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Demek bana b\u00f6ylece g\u00fcler y\u00fcz g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi anda, halk\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 matbaaya vererek bu davete gelmi\u015fti.\u201d<\/p>\n Zekeriya Sertel\u2019in \u201cg\u00f6zlerine inanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131 resmi gazetesi Tanin\u2019in kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 faili isimlerle birlikte I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra tutuklanan H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n tavr\u0131 asl\u0131nda tarihteki bir tekerr\u00fcrden ibaret. Abdullah Z\u00fchd\u00fc ile Mahmut Sad\u0131k\u2019\u0131n Yeni Gazete\u2019de 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131ya g\u00f6re bir benzeri, 1915\u2019te Osmanl\u0131 Dahiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa ile \u00f6l\u00fcme s\u00fcr\u00fclecek Ermeni mebus Krikor Zohrab aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c20 May\u0131s\/2 Haziran \u00c7ar\u015famba gecesi Zohrab Efendi, tevkif edildi\u011fi gece Cadde-i Kebir\u2019deki Cercle d\u2019Orient Kul\u00fcb\u00fc\u2019nde Talat Pa\u015fa ve Halil Bey ile ka\u011f\u0131t oynam\u0131\u015f, oyun gece yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir. Zohrab Efendi gitmek i\u00e7in aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Talat Pa\u015fa da kalkm\u0131\u015f ve Ermeni mebusa yakla\u015farak yana\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6pm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu fevkalade tevecc\u00fch eseri mebus efendiyi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmaktan hali kalmam\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n faillerinden Talat Pa\u015fa ile Zekeriya Sertel\u2019in de yolu kesi\u015fmi\u015fti. Talat Pa\u015fa, Sertel ailesinin nikah \u015fahidiydi:<\/p>\n \u201cBizim nikah\u0131m\u0131zda k\u0131z taraf\u0131n vekili zaman\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin en n\u00fcfuzlu adam\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa idi. Benim vekilli\u011fimi de Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapan Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Aras \u00fczerine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 kodamanlar\u0131 da nikahta haz\u0131r bulunuyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc isimlerinden Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019a g\u00f6re, Sabiha Sertel\u2019in Selanik\u2019teki d\u00f6nme toplumundan gelmesi nedeniyle \u201cd\u00f6nmelik kast\u0131na \u00f6l\u00fcm yumru\u011fu indiren\u201d bu nikah, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n da \u015fahitli\u011fiyle 1915\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Belki tehcir karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, belki hen\u00fcz karar\u0131n arifesiydi. Bunu bilmek zor ancak kesin olan Sertel ailesinin fa\u015fizmle m\u00fccadelede \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen konu Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya gelince, \u201caile dostlar\u0131na\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 sert tutum tak\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131. An\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 iki kitapta da keskin s\u00f6zler bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Sabiha Sertel\u2019in \u201cRoman Gibi\u201d isimli hat\u0131rat\u0131nda, nikah \u015fahidi Talat Pa\u015fa i\u00e7in en sert ele\u015ftirisi, onu \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi\u2019ne s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen \u201c\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin kodamanlar\u0131\u201dndan biri olarak anmas\u0131. Sertellerin Tan gazetesinde de Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla benzeri ele\u015ftirilerle ge\u00e7ti. Mesela, 1939\u2019da tefrika edilen Refik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya tepkisi olabildi\u011fince hafif:<\/p>\n \u201cBana gelince: Talat gibi, Enver gibi siyasi, idari ve askeri bak\u0131mdan say\u0131s\u0131z hatalar i\u015flemi\u015f, fakat namuslar\u0131na, zati ve milli \u015fereflerine kir bula\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f \u015fahsiyetlerin, yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 felaketin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc elemini ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n vicdan\u0131na ve irfan\u0131na y\u00fckleyerek memleketten savu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bulmuyordum. Onlar ihtilal kahramanlar\u0131 idi. Eserlerinin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya y\u0131k\u0131lmak \u00fczere bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr g\u00f6rmez mert\u00e7e \u00f6lme\u011fi g\u00f6ze almal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Belki ilk f\u0131rsatta hatalar\u0131n\u0131 millete affettirmek i\u00e7in yurttan uzakla\u015ft\u0131lar. Ne yaz\u0131k ki me\u015fum kinler kendilerini takip etti ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n \u2018YAZIK OLDU TALAT PA\u015eA\u2019YA\u2026 B\u0130R\u0130C\u0130K SADRAZAMDI DO\u011eRUSU\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Tan gazetesindeki bir ba\u015fka Talat Pa\u015fa al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ysa, gazeteye yazanlar aras\u0131nda yer alan, \u201cMilli H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u2019in ilk istihbarat m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d olarak tan\u0131nan ve 1927\u2019de gazetecili\u011fe d\u00f6nen Feridun Kandemir\u2019e ait. \u201cKandemir\u201d imzas\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanan \u201cArabistan\u2019da Tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m Tipler\u201d yaz\u0131 dizisinde Talat Pa\u015fa i\u00e7in Sultan Vahdettin\u2019e atfen bir s\u00f6z aktar\u0131lmakta: \u201cHatta Sultan Vahdettin, Talat Pa\u015fa Berlin\u2019de vuruldu\u011fu zaman bana \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cYaz\u0131k oldu Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya\u2026 Biricik sadrazamd\u0131 do\u011frusu\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n Sertellerin \u201cErmeni meselesi\u201dne bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa ile olan yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Zekeriya Sertel\u2019in \u201cHat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi an\u0131lar\u0131nda Bekira\u011fa B\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcnlerine de yer verilmekte. Kendi deyimiyle \u201c\u0130ttihat ve Terakki umumi katipleri ile Ermeni olaylar\u0131ndan san\u0131k bulunanlar\u201d ile birlikte Zekeriya Sertel de tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat en \u00e7ok dikkatini \u00e7eken \u201cNevzat Bey\u201d olarak hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kitab\u0131nda yer verdi\u011fi \u201ceski bir vali\u201d olacakt\u0131. Bu isim \u201cK\u00fcrt Mustafa Pa\u015fa mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan Ermeni olaylar\u0131nda su\u00e7lu bulunarak\u201d idama mahkum edilmi\u015fti. Nedeniyse bir d\u00f6nem \u201cMuhacirin m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde m\u00fcfetti\u015flik yapmas\u0131\u201dyd\u0131 ve Sertel de kendisini orada tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cAs\u0131lmadan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce yan\u0131ma geldi. (\u2026) Al\u00e7ak sesle, -Zekeriya, dedi, burada beni senden ba\u015fka tan\u0131yan yok. Benim g\u00fcnahs\u0131z oldu\u011fumu yaln\u0131z sen bilirsin. Hakk\u0131mda verilmi\u015f olan h\u00fckm\u00fc elbet biliyorsun. Bir ara sesi k\u0131s\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00f6zleri doldu. Elleri titriyordu. Sonra kendini toparlayarak devam etti: \u2013 Senden tek bir ricam var. Sen gazetecisin. Gazetelere benim g\u00fcnahs\u0131z oldu\u011fumu anlat. \u00c7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011fum benim su\u00e7suz oldu\u011fumu bilsin. S\u00f6z verdim.\u201d<\/p>\n Zekeriya Sertel, \u201cBen onun g\u00fcnahs\u0131z oldu\u011funu biliyordum\u201d dedi\u011fi ki\u015finin bir g\u00fcn sonra idam edildi\u011fini de an\u0131lar\u0131na not d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Sertel, an\u0131s\u0131nda Nevzat Bey diye anm\u0131\u015f olsa da tasvirine g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019daki yarg\u0131lamalarda idam edilen \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden biri olan bu isim, muhtemelen Urfa Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Nusret Bey\u2019di. Hakk\u0131nda katliamlar ve tecav\u00fczler nedeniyle su\u00e7lamalar bulunan Nusret Bey, TBMM taraf\u0131ndan Haziran 1926\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir kanunla \u201cmilli kahraman\u201d olarak ilan edilecek, ailesine de Ermenilerden kalan \u201cemval-i metruke\u201dden mal verilip maa\u015f ba\u011flanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Hat\u0131ralar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201cErmeni meselesi\u201d Sertellerin ABD\u2019deki hayatlar\u0131nda da kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu meseleye dair, Zekeriya Sertel ise ABD\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik olumsuz yarg\u0131lar sebebiyle imparatorlu\u011fu felakete s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen eski y\u00f6neticileri de\u011fil, Ermenileri su\u00e7luyordu:<\/p>\n \u201cAmerika\u2019ya gitti\u011fimiz zaman, koyu bir T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ermeni olaylar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Amerika\u2019da T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6yle iftira dolu propagandalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, Amerikal\u0131, bir T\u00fcrk\u2019le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak bile istemezdi. Bir toplulukta, bir tan\u0131\u015fmada T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fumuzu \u00f6\u011frendiler mi, hemen ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirirler, bizi g\u00f6rmezlikten gelmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Onlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde T\u00fcrk bir zalim, bir yabani, bir vah\u015fi idi\u2026 T\u00fcrkler hakk\u0131nda bildikleri hep bunlard\u0131. Propaganda onlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131nda ve ruhlar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc izler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Zekeriya Sertel\u2019e g\u00f6re, sadece \u201cemperyalistler kovalanm\u0131\u015f\u201d, \u201ctekrar yoktan bir vatan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201dt\u0131. Sertellerin hat\u0131ratlar\u0131nda \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131na yay\u0131lan, \u015fahidi olduklar\u0131 Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik katliamlara dair tek kelime bile bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Zekeriya Sertel\u2019in arkas\u0131nda \u201cErmeni parma\u011f\u0131\u201d arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fka mesele Moskova-Ankara hatt\u0131ndaki en sert k\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 yaratan, Stalin\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Molotov, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Moskova B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Selim Sarper\u2019i \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00fc\u00e7 ilin (Kars, Ardahan ve Artvin) Sovyetler\u2019e geri verilmesini, Bo\u011fazlar\u2019da da ortak bir savunma sistemi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015fti. Sertel\u2019e g\u00f6reyse, bu \u00fc\u00e7 il bir sava\u015f sonunda, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden zorla al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f, B\u00fcy\u00fck Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Lenin\u2019le yap\u0131lan ve Lenin\u2019in imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir anla\u015fma ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri verilmi\u015fti ve Stalin\u2019in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na sebep olan \u201cola\u011fan \u015f\u00fcpheli\u201dler aras\u0131nda Ermeniler bulunuyordu: \u201cStalin\u2019in Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc as\u0131ll\u0131 bilginlerin raporlar\u0131na aldanarak b\u00f6yle bir yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ihtimalinden s\u00f6z ettim. Stalin\u2019in durup dururken Lenin\u2019in imzas\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131rtmak isteyece\u011fine inanm\u0131yordum.\u201d<\/p>\n \u2018CAM\u0130N\u0130N \u0130\u00c7\u0130 HINCAHIN\u00c7 TUTUKLANAN K\u00dcRTLERLE DOLUYDU, LE\u015e G\u0130B\u0130 KOKUYORDU\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Sertel ailesinin K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik tutumlar\u0131 ise \u201cfarkl\u0131\u201d ama yine de olumlu de\u011fil. Zekeriya Sertel hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin \u201cMemleket i\u00e7inde el alt\u0131ndan bu h\u00fccumlar\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyen emperyalistler ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngilizler\u201d taraf\u0131ndan isyana k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu, \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri\u2019ni ise \u201chaks\u0131z yere ceza g\u00f6renler de olmu\u015ftu fakat o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bundan ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc davranmak zordu\u201d diye an\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un belli ba\u015fl\u0131 gazete ba\u015fyazarlar\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdi. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Tasviri Efkar gazetesi sahip ve ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Velit Ebuzziya, Vatan gazetesi sahip ve ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Ahmet Emin Yalman, ayn\u0131 gazetenin yazarlar\u0131ndan Ahmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Esmer, gene ba\u015fyazarlardan \u0130smail M\u00fc\u015ftak ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ahmet Emin, daha yoldayken, Adana\u2019dan, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e telgraf g\u00f6ndererek yalvarmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Affedilirse, bir daha gazetecilik yapmayaca\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6z veriyordu. Bir yandan da Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da bunlara yap\u0131lan muamele hakk\u0131nda merakl\u0131 ve korkun\u00e7 haberler geliyordu. Bunlar\u0131 istasyonda kar\u015f\u0131layan \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi \u00fcyeleri onlar\u0131 \u00f6nce bir camiye yerle\u015ftirmek istemi\u015fler. Caminin i\u00e7i h\u0131ncah\u0131n\u00e7 tutuklanan K\u00fcrtlerle doluydu, le\u015f gibi kokuyordu, nefes almak bile zordu. Gazeteciler bunu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015fler. \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi \u00fcyeleri renk vermemi\u015fler. Burada yer yok diye gazetecileri al\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fler. Yolda Velit Ebuzziya\u2019y\u0131 ayaklar\u0131nda zincir, ellerinde kovalarla su ta\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler. O vakit kendi ak\u0131betlerini anlar gibi olmu\u015flar. Fakat mahkeme \u00fcyeleri bunlar\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131n evine g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, onlar\u0131 i\u00e7ki sofras\u0131na davet etmi\u015fler ve yolda g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini kendilerine bir g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek kahkahalarla g\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. K\u0131sacas\u0131 \u201c\u015faka\u201d yapm\u0131\u015flar\u201d<\/p>\n \u2018\u00c7O\u011eU K\u00dcRTT\u00dc (\u2026) FAKAT HEPS\u0130NDE DER\u0130N B\u0130R VATAN SEVG\u0130S\u0130 VARDI\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n Zekeriya Sertel\u2019in an\u0131lar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler, ABD\u2019deki T\u00fcrkiyeliler ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde de yer almakta. Sertel, T\u00fcrkleri \u201cAmerika\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck servetler yapmak h\u00fclyas\u0131yla gelmi\u015flerdi. Fakat dil bilmedikleri, usta i\u015f\u00e7i olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bir i\u015f bulmakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekiyorlard\u0131. Hep ge\u00e7ici ve geliri az i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201d diye tan\u0131t\u0131yordu. S\u00f6z Detroit\u2019teki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan K\u00fcrtlere gelince ise \u00f6nce onlar\u0131n \u201cotomobil fabrikalar\u0131nda, ate\u015f\u00e7ilik gibi a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d yaz\u0131yor, ard\u0131ndansa \u201cfakat\u201d diyerek bir \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu: \u201cFakat hepsinde derin bir vatan sevgisi ve sonsuz bir yurt hasreti vard\u0131. Zaten kendilerini Amerika\u2019ya uyduramam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u015eehrin fakir semtlerinde ya\u015f\u0131yor, bu semtlerde a\u00e7\u0131lan T\u00fcrk kahvelerinde bulu\u015fup vakitlerini ge\u00e7iriyorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n Benzeri bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Sabiha Sertel\u2019de bulunuyor. Sertel kendisini \u201c[Selanik\u2019te] Alt\u0131 \u00e7ocuklu bir anan\u0131n d\u00f6v\u00fclmesi, kovulmas\u0131 benim \u00e7ocuk ruhumda bask\u0131ya, istibdada kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kin b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 isyan ediyordum\u201d diye nitelese de konu K\u00fcrtler olunca farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ortaya koyuyordu. ABD\u2019de \u201ccemaat te\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u00fczerine ihtisas yapan Sabiha Sertel, profes\u00f6rlerinin \u201cTeori bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fckemmel. Ama pratik?\u201d sorular\u0131 \u00fczerine ABD\u2019de \u00fclkesinden gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Detroit\u2019te T\u00fcrkler ile K\u00fcrtlerin farklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6recekti. Sertel\u2019e g\u00f6re, ABD\u2019deki T\u00fcrklerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u201cAmerika\u2019ya gidip d\u00f6nen Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan kand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201dt\u0131. Amerika\u2019da herkesin zengin oldu\u011funu, i\u015f bulman\u0131n kolay oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi, fakat ger\u00e7ek bu de\u011fildi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131, zengin olam\u0131yorlard\u0131. ABD\u2019deki K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7iler ise \u201chi\u00e7bir milletin i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin giremedi\u011fi\u201d, \u201ccehennemde \u015feytan\u0131n yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ate\u015ften bile daha s\u0131cak\u201d zorlu \u015fartlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ama \u201cher t\u00fcrl\u00fc sosyal yard\u0131mdan yoksundular,\u201d \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cbilgisizdiler\u201d. Di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler greve gitti\u011finde K\u00fcrtler Sertel\u2019in tan\u0131m\u0131yla \u201cgrev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yorlar\u201dd\u0131. Sabiha Sertel\u2019in bu uzun anlat\u0131m\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin benzeri durumlarda nas\u0131l tav\u0131r ald\u0131klar\u0131 ise belirsizli\u011fini koruyacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Sertel\u2019in en geni\u015f yer ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Detroit\u2019te T\u00fcrklerin kurdu\u011fu Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ile K\u00fcrtlerin kurdu\u011fu Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti aras\u0131ndaki kendisini, \u201cmemleketten gelen bac\u0131\u201dy\u0131 otelde yat\u0131rmaya raz\u0131 olmayarak giri\u015ftikleri rekabet. Sabiha Sertel \u201c[K\u00fcrtler] Ford fabrikas\u0131nda en a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok kazan\u0131yor ve biriktiriyor\u201d olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisini misafir etmelerine karar verdi\u011fini yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00fcrk muhacirler Amerika\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor fakat Anadolulu gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar\u201d diyen Sertel T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in \u201cAnadoluluk\u201d vurgusu yap\u0131yor, T\u00fcrk toplumundan Zeki Bey\u2019i fiziksel olarak sadece \u201ck\u0131sa boylu, t\u0131knaz, zeki bir Anadolu \u00e7ocu\u011fu\u201d olarak tan\u0131t\u0131yordu. Sabiha Sertel konu kendisini a\u011f\u0131rlayacak olan K\u00fcrt Rumi Efendi\u2019ye gelince ise \u201cAsyal\u0131\u201d vurgusu ile birlikte uzun bir tan\u0131mlamaya \u201cihtiya\u00e7\u201d duyacakt\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cHilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rumi Efendi uzun boylu, iri yap\u0131l\u0131, da\u011f gibi bir adamd\u0131. Uzun b\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131 kulak deliklerine kadar uzan\u0131yordu. (\u2026) Bu ev iki katl\u0131 modern bir evdi. E\u015fyalar elden d\u00fc\u015fme olmakla beraber temizdi. Yaln\u0131z garip olan \u015fet, bu modern \u015fekil i\u00e7inde muhtevan\u0131n Asyal\u0131 kal\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6\u011fle yeme\u011finde yere kocaman, yusyuvarlak bir sini getirdiler. Etraf\u0131na yast\u0131klar dizdiler. Ortaya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tepsi i\u00e7inde etli pilav getirildi. Herkes elleriyle yiyordu. Yaln\u0131z bana \u00e7atal b\u0131\u00e7ak getirmi\u015flerdi. Reddettim. Ben de onlarla beraber tepsinden parmaklar\u0131mla yedim. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgelere uygarl\u0131k g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6yleyen Amerikal\u0131lar, kendi evlerinde ya\u015fayan muhacirlere bu uygarl\u0131ktan pay vermemi\u015fti.\u201d<\/p>\n Sabiha Sertel, K\u00fcrtler ile ilgili Bat\u0131 tipi sofra d\u00fczenini \u201cuygarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi\u201d olarak belirlerken, T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in benzeri bir saptamada bulunmuyor. Belki kendisine g\u00f6re ABD, T\u00fcrklere \u201cuygarl\u0131ktan pay\u201d vermi\u015fti, belki de sadece bu \u201cayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131\u201d g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015fti. Fakat iki toplum aras\u0131ndaki gerginliklerde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklerden yana koydu\u011funu metin boyunca s\u0131k s\u0131k hissettiriyordu: \u201cKonu\u015fmaktan nefesim kesilmi\u015fti. K\u00fcrt inad\u0131yla ba\u015f edilemeyece\u011fini anlad\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n Hilal-i Ahmet Cemiyeti\u2019nin toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 sona erdirmenin, \u201cbar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n da kendisine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d s\u00f6yleyen Sertel, \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu alarak aralar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cda\u011f gibi adamlar -herhalde y\u0131llardan beri g\u00f6rmedikleri k\u00f6yleri, analar\u0131, evlatlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne gelerek- \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir \u015fekilde a\u011flam\u0131\u015f\u201d ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bin dolar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrklerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzer toplant\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmeyen Sertel, hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda sadece \u201cT\u00fcrklerin Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u2019ndeki toplant\u0131s\u0131 da buna yak\u0131n bir \u015feydi\u201d demekle yetiniyordu. Bu yard\u0131m paralar\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n yetim b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara ve Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n askerlerine yard\u0131m olarak gidecekti.<\/p>\n Sabiha Sertel\u2019in an\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, kendisinin yard\u0131m turlar\u0131ndan birinde yolu New York\u2019ta K\u00fcrt Yusuf G\u00fclabi \u00c7avu\u015f ile de kesi\u015fecekti. \u201cSiz bana topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131n, k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcn kokusunu getirdiniz. Sa\u011folun, var olun. A\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcnen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n aras\u0131nda benim evlatlar\u0131m var herhal\u201d deyip y\u0131llarca otomobil fabrikalar\u0131nda, meyve bah\u00e7elerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, garajlarda parklarda yatarak biriktirdi\u011fi on bin dolar paras\u0131n\u0131 ve alt\u0131n kemerini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan, tek talebiyse bir vapur bileti ve memleketinde i\u015f bulmak olan K\u00fcrt Yusuf G\u00fclabi \u00c7avu\u015f ile\u2026 Yard\u0131m\u0131 toplayanlar onun da aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok yard\u0131mseverin paras\u0131n\u0131 alacak, toplamda bir milyon T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplanacakt\u0131. Fakat K\u00fcrt Yusuf G\u00fclabi \u00c7avu\u015f\u2019un tek talebi olan i\u015f ona bulunmayacak, ak\u0131betinin ne oldu\u011fuysa hat\u0131ralara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeyecekti. Sabiha Sertel\u2019in an\u0131lar\u0131nda biraz daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya yer verdi\u011fi konuysa, di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n talebi olan \u201cmemlekette kurulacak \u00e7ocuk yurtlar\u0131na, hastanelere foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d talebi. Bu naif istek i\u00e7in Sertel, \u201cOnlar\u0131n bu y\u00fcksekli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak d\u00f6nemin y\u00f6neticileri bu talebe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermeyecek kadar \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclecekti\u201d. T\u0131pk\u0131 m\u00fccadele konusu Ermenilerin, K\u00fcrtlerin haklar\u0131na s\u0131ra gelince, kalemleri sessizle\u015fen Sertel ailesi gibi\u2026<\/p>\n\n