{"id":60421,"date":"2020-12-03T04:42:29","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T09:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=60421"},"modified":"2020-12-03T04:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-12-03T09:42:30","slug":"turkiyenin-dunya-mirasi-x","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=60421","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnya miras\u0131 X"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Helenistik d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir ticaret ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan Efes, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini liman\u0131n\u0131n Marnas \u00c7ay\u0131 ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes\u2019in getirdi\u011fi al\u00fcvyonlarla dolmas\u0131 \u00fczerine kaybetti. Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n annesi Hz. Meryem\u2019in son y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Yuhanna ile birlikte ge\u00e7irdi\u011fine inan\u0131lan kilisenin B\u00fclb\u00fclda\u011f\u0131\u2019nda olmas\u0131yla Efes, yeniden \u00f6nemli bir yer hale geldi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Mehmet \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Efes<\/strong>; \u00c7ukuri\u00e7i H\u00f6y\u00fck, Ayasuluk Tepesi, Efes Antik Kenti ve Meryem Ana Evi olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt bile\u015fenden olu\u015fuyor. Efes,\u00a0Meryem Ana Evi<\/strong>\u2018nin Hristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan hac mek\u00e2n\u0131 olarak kabul edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fclkemizde yabanc\u0131 turistlerin en fazla ziyaret etti\u011fi yerlerden biri olma konumuna sahip. Antik d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri olan Efes, tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden ba\u015flayarak Helenistik, Roma, Do\u011fu Roma, Beylikler ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemleri boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 bin y\u0131l boyunca kesintisiz yerle\u015fim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve tarihinin t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir liman kenti oldu. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da ticaret ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir merkez olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini tarihi boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Helenistik ve Roma d\u00f6neminin \u00fcst\u00fcn kentle\u015fme, mimarl\u0131k ve dini tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan simgeleri bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Efes\u2019te farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere ait en \u00fcst\u00fcn mimari ve kent planlama \u00f6rnekleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 8\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen ve Antik d\u00f6nemin yedi harikas\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00fcnlenen k\u00fclt merkezi Artemision, Hz. Meryem\u2019in Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n annesi olarak kabul ve ilan edildi\u011fi 431 tarihli Ek\u00fcmenik Kons\u00fcl\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi yer olan Meryem Kilisesi, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n havarilerinden biri olan ve Yahya \u0130ncili\u2019ni Efes\u2019te yazan St. John\u2019\u0131n mezar\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen Bazilika gibi Erken Hristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemine \u015fahitlik eden benzersiz eserleri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan hac mekan\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Meryem Ana Evi ve Beylikler d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilen \u0130slam yap\u0131lar\u0131 ile Efes ayn\u0131 zamanda dini tarih a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bug\u00fcn hala ayakta olan benzersiz bir birikim sunuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Neolitik d\u00f6nem\u2026<\/strong>
\n1996\u2019da Sel\u00e7uk, Ayd\u0131n ve Efes yol \u00fc\u00e7geninin yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 m kadar g\u00fcney bat\u0131s\u0131nda, mandalina bah\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda Derbent \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7ukuri\u00e7i H\u00f6y\u00fck saptand\u0131. Arkeolog Adil Evren ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve kaz\u0131lar sonucu, bu h\u00f6y\u00fckte ta\u015f ve bronz baltalar, i\u011fneler, a\u00e7k\u0131l\u0131 seramik par\u00e7alar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r\u015faklar, obsidien, \u00e7akmak ta\u015f\u0131, deniz kabuklular\u0131, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme ve perdah aletleri bulundu. Yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00c7ukuri\u00e7i H\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te, Neolitik D\u00f6nemden Erken Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131na kadar bir yerle\u015fimin ve ya\u015fam\u0131n oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr malzemeler, yine Sel\u00e7uk, Ku\u015fadas\u0131 yolunun yakla\u015f\u0131k 8\u2019inci kilometresinde Arvalya Deresi\u2019nin biti\u015fi\u011finde G\u00fcl Han\u0131m tarlas\u0131nda Arvalya H\u00f6y\u00fck saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ukur \u0130\u00e7i ve Arvalya (G\u00fcl Han\u0131m) h\u00f6y\u00fcklerinde saptanan eserler ile Efes\u2019in yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinin tarihi b\u00f6ylece Neolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019e kadar ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\n
\nHelenistik d\u00f6nem\u2026<\/strong>
\nM.\u00d6 1050 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin de ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Efes, M.\u00d6 560\u2019ta Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn gezilen Efes ise B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in generallerinden Lisimahos taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6 300 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kuruldu. General Lisimahos, kenti Miletli Hippodamos\u2019un buldu\u011fu \u2018Izgara Plan\u2019a g\u00f6re yeniden kurdu. Bu plana g\u00f6re, kentteki b\u00fct\u00fcn cadde ve sokaklar birbirini dik olarak kesiyor. Efes\u2019te Roma\u2019dan \u00f6zerk bir \u015fekilde Apameia Kibotos \u015fehriyle ortak para bas\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u015fehirler klasik d\u00f6nemdeki K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da \u00e7ok parlak yar\u0131 \u00f6zerk davranmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Roma d\u00f6nemi\u2026<\/strong>
\nHelenistik ve Roma \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda en g\u00f6rkemli d\u00f6nemlerini ya\u015fayan Efes, Roma \u0130mparatoru Augustus zaman\u0131nda, Asya Eyaleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015f ve n\u00fcfusu o d\u00f6nem 200 bin ki\u015fiyi a\u015ft\u0131. 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda al\u00fcvyonla dolan liman\u0131n bozulmas\u0131yla Efes\u2019te ticaret gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130mparator Hadrianus, liman\u0131 birka\u00e7 kez temizletse de Marnas \u00c7ay\u0131 ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes\u2019in getirdi\u011fi al\u00fcvyonlarla ba\u015f edilemedi. Zaman i\u00e7inde de Efes, denizden uzakla\u015farak bir liman kenti olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybetti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Efes\u2019in \u00dcnl\u00fcleri<\/strong>
\nHerakleitos\u2026 Bilge ki\u015fi
\nArtemidoros\u2026 R\u00fcya tabircisi
\nCallinos\u2026 \u015eair
\nHipponaks\u2026 \u015eair
\nZenodotos\u2026 Gramer bilgini
\nSoranos\u2026 Hekim
\nRufus\u2026 Hekim<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

\u00d6nemli Yap\u0131lar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2026<\/strong>\u00a0Antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n mermerden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ilk tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131. M.\u00d6 7\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edildi. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Artemis\u2019e ithafen Lidya kral\u0131 Croesus taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131, Yunan mimar Chersiphron taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar\u0131 Pheidias, Polycleitus, Kresilas ve Phradmon taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bronz heykellerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015fti. M.\u00d6 21 Temmuz 356\u2019da ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek isteyen Herostratus adl\u0131 bir Yunan taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131. Tap\u0131naktan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze sadece birka\u00e7 mermer blok gelebildi.<\/p>\n

Celsus K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2026<\/strong>Roma d\u00f6nemi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczellerinden birisi olan yap\u0131 hem k\u00fct\u00fcphane, hem de mezar an\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. 106\u2019da Efes valisi olan Celsius \u00f6l\u00fcnce, o\u011flu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131na mezar an\u0131t\u0131 olarak yapt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Meryem Ana Evi\u2026<\/strong>\u00a0B\u00fclb\u00fclda\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n annesi Hz. Meryem\u2019in son y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Yuhanna ile birlikte ge\u00e7irdi\u011fine inan\u0131lan kilise. Hristiyanlar i\u00e7in hac yeri olan kilise, papalar taraf\u0131ndan da ziyaret edildi.<\/p>\n

Yedi Uyurlar Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2026<\/strong>\u00a0Bizans d\u00f6neminde mezar kilisesi haline getirilmi\u015f olan bu yer, Ge\u00e7 Roma imparatorlar\u0131ndan Decius zaman\u0131nda putperestlerin zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an 7 Hristiyan gencin Panay\u0131r Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerinde s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 rivayet edilen ma\u011fara oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ilgili ma\u011faran\u0131n kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu iddia eden 33 kent olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Hristiyan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funa g\u00f6re kent Hristiyanlarca kutsal say\u0131lan Efes\u2019tir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yedi Uyurlar ma\u011faras\u0131 olarak en \u00e7ok bilinen ve ziyaret edilen ma\u011fara ise d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bir merkezi ve St. Paul\u2019\u00fcn do\u011fum yeri olan Tarsus\u2019takidir. Eski ismi Arap kaynaklar\u0131nda Efsus \u015feklinde ge\u00e7en Af\u015fin de bilim adamlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir heyete haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor ve yerel mahkemede a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 ke\u015fif davas\u0131 ile iddias\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki di\u011fer Ashab-\u0131 Kehf ise Lice\u2019dedir. Efes\u2019teki bu ma\u011faran\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne bir kilise yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hali, 1927 \u2013 1928 aras\u0131ndaki bir kaz\u0131da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kaz\u0131 sonucunda 5 ve 6\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131la ait olan mezarlar bulundu. Yedi Uyurlar\u2019a ithaf edilmi\u015f yaz\u0131tlar hem mezarlarda hem de kilise duvarlar\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130sa Bey Camii\u2026<\/strong>1374 \u2013 1375\u2019te Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan \u0130sa Bey taraf\u0131ndan Ayasuluk Tepesi\u2019ne Mimar \u015eaml\u0131 D\u0131m\u0131\u015fkl\u0131o\u011flu Ali\u2019ye in\u015fa ettirildi. Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ile Saint Jean Kilisesi aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Anadolu cami mimarisinin ilk \u00f6rneklerini sergileyen camide zengin s\u00fcslemeler ve \u00e7iniler bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131\u2026<\/strong>
\nUNESCO taraf\u0131ndan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veya do\u011fal \u00f6neme sahip alanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak olu\u015fturulan program, 16 Kas\u0131m 1972\u2019de D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Do\u011fal Miras\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile olu\u015fturuldu. 167 \u00fclkede 869\u2019u k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, 213\u2019\u00fc do\u011fal ve 39\u2019u karma olmak \u00fczere toplam 1.121 d\u00fcnya miras\u0131 bulunuyor.
\nEn \u00e7ok d\u00fcnya miras\u0131na sahip olma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada 16\u2019nc\u0131 s\u0131rada bulunan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 16\u2019s\u0131 \u2018K\u00fclt\u00fcrel\u2019 ve 2\u2019si \u2018K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u2013 Do\u011fal\u2019 kategoride olmak \u00fczere toplam 18 d\u00fcnya miras\u0131 yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/turkiye-nin-dunya-mirasi-x-2890265<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n
\n

<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Helenistik d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir ticaret ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan Efes, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini liman\u0131n\u0131n Marnas \u00c7ay\u0131 ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes\u2019in getirdi\u011fi al\u00fcvyonlarla dolmas\u0131 \u00fczerine kaybetti. Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n annesi Hz. Meryem\u2019in son y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Yuhanna ile birlikte ge\u00e7irdi\u011fine inan\u0131lan kilisenin B\u00fclb\u00fclda\u011f\u0131\u2019nda olmas\u0131yla Efes, yeniden \u00f6nemli bir yer hale geldi Mehmet \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan\u00a0 Efes; \u00c7ukuri\u00e7i H\u00f6y\u00fck, Ayasuluk Tepesi, Efes Antik Kenti […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":60422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnya miras\u0131 X - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=60421\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnya miras\u0131 X - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Helenistik d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir ticaret ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan Efes, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini liman\u0131n\u0131n Marnas \u00c7ay\u0131 ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes\u2019in getirdi\u011fi al\u00fcvyonlarla dolmas\u0131 \u00fczerine kaybetti. 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