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Milad\u00ee 330 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentini \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130mparator I. Constantinus yeniden imar ettirdi\u011fi bu \u015fehirde, B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve d\u00fcnya tarihi i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep olacak ilkleri de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Yeniden imar etti\u011fi \u0130stanbul\u2019da kendi ad\u0131na bir meydan (Constantinus Forumu) yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bu meydan\u0131n ortas\u0131na da bir an\u0131t in\u015fa ettirmi\u015fti. G\u00f6vdesi, imparatorlara mahsus renk olan erguvan rengindeki porfir ta\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan an\u0131t\u0131n tepesine de tanr\u0131 Apollon Helios suretinde kendi heykelini diktirmi\u015fti. Sanat Tarih\u00e7isi S\u00fcleyman Faruk G\u00f6nc\u00fco\u011flu Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece \u0130stanbul\u2019da de\u011fil d\u00fcnyadaki ilk an\u0131t\u0131 olan \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 Y\u0131llarboyu Tarih\u2019e yazd\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentini \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131yan (MS 330) \u0130mparator I. Constantinus\u2019un, \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019a kendi ad\u0131na diktirdi\u011fi bu heykel, Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7oktanr\u0131l\u0131 inanc\u0131nda yer alan Apollon Helios\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeydi. Heykelin sol eli, \u00fcst\u00fcnde ha\u00e7 olan bir k\u00fcre, sa\u011f eli ise bir m\u0131zrak tutuyordu. Bu heykel, \u0130mparator Constantinus\u2019un \u0130stanbul\u2019u B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti yapt\u0131ktan sonra diktirdi\u011fi ilk an\u0131t oldu\u011fu gibi (Asl\u0131nda Pagan d\u00f6neme ait bir heykel),d\u00fcnya Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da ilk an\u0131t\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201cONU T\u00dcM SALDIRILARDAN KORU VE KURTAR\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7 tarihlerde konulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen kitabesinde; \u201c\u0130sa, sen ki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve sahibisin, senin olan bu \u015fehre onunla birlikte Roma\u2019n\u0131n asas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de sundum. Onu b\u00fct\u00fcn sald\u0131r\u0131lardan koru ve tehlikelerden kurtar\u201d ifadesi yer al\u0131yordu. Th. Reinach da Constantinus\u2019un bu heykeli ile ilgili olarak \u201c\u0130sa\u2019y\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi san\u0131lan heykel\u2019\u2019 derken, R. Janin ise s\u00f6zlerin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Constantinus taraf\u0131ndan \u0130sa\u2019ya bir hitap oldu\u011funu savunur. Ne olursa olsun Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, devlet nezdinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da ilk tan\u0131yan B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u0130mparatoru Constantinus, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da ilk an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 diktirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n AT\u0130NA\u2019DAN \u0130STANBUL\u2019A GET\u0130R\u0130LM\u0130\u015eT\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Constantinus\u2019un bu an\u0131t \u00fczerindeki heykeli ise Apollon heykeliydi ve bu yap\u0131t, \u00fcnl\u00fc heykel ustas\u0131 Fidias\u2019\u0131n eseriydi. Atina\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilmi\u015fti. Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re, Apollon heykelinin y\u00fcz\u00fc Constantinus\u2019un y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 328 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6vdeyi olu\u015fturan porfir ta\u015f\u0131ndan yontulmu\u015f yuvarlak par\u00e7alar da \u0130stanbul\u2019a Roma\u2019dan getirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n HZ. \u0130SA\u2019NIN GER\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u00c7ARMIH<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019la ilgili \u00f6nemli bir bilgi de \u015fudur: \u0130mparator Constantinus\u2019un annesi \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Helena, Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc ziyaretinde \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fkence g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7arm\u0131h\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bularak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renle \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirtmi\u015fti. Constantinus da bu de\u011ferli hat\u0131ray\u0131 sonraki y\u0131llarda zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131na yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6lmeye g\u00f6md\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131ndan Hezarfen H\u00fcseyin \u00c7elebi\u2019nin 1670 (Hicr\u00ee 1081) tarihli Tenk\u00eeh\u00fc\u2019t\u2013 Tev\u00e2rih\u2019 (T\u00e2rih-i Devlet-i Rumiye) adl\u0131 eserinde bu ha\u00e7 ve \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019tan bahsedilir.<\/p>\n Hristiyan kaynaklar\u0131ndan da, Aziz Ambrios ve Severios \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilen bu ha\u00e7la ilgili bilgiler verirken, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir s\u00fcre kalm\u0131\u015f olan Miss Pardoe de \u0130stanbul hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinde \u201c\u015eehir sakini Hristiyanlar\u0131n \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erken durup istavroz \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, burada Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n gerildi\u011fi ha\u00e7tan par\u00e7alar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r\u201d diye ifade ederken, \u00c7emberlita\u015f ve Hz. \u0130sa\u2019ya ait ha\u00e7tan ve Dikilita\u015f\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131nda bulunan dehlizlerden de bahseder.<\/p>\n \u0130mparator I. Manuel Komnenos da saltanat y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1143\u20131180) onartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131t\u0131n tepesine tun\u00e7tan bir ha\u00e7 koydurtmu\u015ftur. Bu y\u00fczden Constantinus An\u0131t\u0131, Bizans\u2019\u0131n son d\u00f6neminde, \u201cHa\u00e7l\u0131 An\u0131t\u201d olarak tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. Evliya \u00c7elebi de, s\u00fctunu \u0130stanbul\u2019un t\u0131ls\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri olarak tarif eder.<\/p>\n \u00c7EMBERL\u0130TA\u015e\u2019IN ALTINDAK\u0130 KA\u00c7AK KAZILAR<\/strong><\/p>\n 1919\u20131923 \u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgal y\u0131llar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, i\u015fgal kuvvetlerinin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n G\u00fclhane Park\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar gibi, resmi ve gayri resmi, k\u0131saca ka\u00e7ak pek \u00e7ok kaz\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ka\u00e7ak kaz\u0131lardan biri de \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u00c7emberlita\u015f Hamam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki bir kahvehaneden, an\u0131t\u0131n i\u00e7ine girmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130STANBUL HALKI TEPK\u0130 G\u00d6STERM\u0130\u015eT\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Kahvenin bulundu\u011fu yerden \u00c7emberlita\u015f an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na do\u011fru bir t\u00fcnel kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, an\u0131t\u0131n alt\u0131nda bulunuldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen odaya ula\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buradan \u00e7\u0131kan topra\u011f\u0131n art\u0131k kahvehane d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015fmas\u0131 ile ayyuka \u00e7\u0131kan bu ka\u00e7ak kaz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi ile \u00f6nlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n B\u00d6YLE B\u0130R B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dcN \u0130ZLER\u0130NE RASTLANMI\u015eTI<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fgal y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kaz\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmakla beraber, ileri ki y\u0131llarda \u00c7emberlita\u015f bir ba\u015fka ka\u00e7ak kaz\u0131 giri\u015fimiyle daha kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Y\u0131l 1929\u2019du. Kaz\u0131, Danimarkal\u0131 dini hat\u0131ralar ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Teosof C. Vett taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Ona yard\u0131m eden ki\u015fi ise, ilk \u0130stanbul gezi rehberini haz\u0131rlayan; 1921-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sarayburnu ile Ah\u0131rkap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki alanda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda mihmandarl\u0131k yapan \u0130svi\u00e7reli sanat \u00f6\u011fretmeni Ernest Mamboury\u2019di. Bu giri\u015fim de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n infiali sonunda durdurulmu\u015ftu. Bu denemede de kaidenin i\u00e7ine ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f ama \u00f6nceki ka\u00e7ak kaz\u0131dan geriye kalan t\u00fcnellerin izlerine rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131na yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenegelen bu \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6lmeye ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ilk ka\u00e7ak kaz\u0131da ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ula\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmiyor ama \u00c7emberlita\u015f\u2019\u0131n restorasyonunda s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan tetkiklerde b\u00f6yle bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn izlerine rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/p>\n