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Sait \u00c7ET\u0130NO\u011eLU<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00abBu yurdu yaln\u0131z Ermeniler de\u011fil Geldaniler,[1]<\/a>\u00a0Asuriler de istiyorlar.<\/em><\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131n hepsine yurt vermek laz\u0131m gelirse bize yurt kalmaz.<\/em><\/p>\n Bizden o kadar \u00e7ok fazla yurt istiyorlar.\u00bb[2]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bir l\u00fctfu olarak Sava\u015f!<\/strong><\/p>\n Resmi tarih, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sava\u015fa bilin\u00e7li olarak de\u011fil, tesad\u00fcfen tekrarlar, buna g\u00f6re de bir senaryo haz\u0131rlar: Alman gemilerinin Sivastopol\u2019u bombalamas\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan fiilen sava\u015fa sokulmu\u015ftur. Amiralin cebindeki Osmanl\u0131 komutan\u0131n\u0131n bombalama emrinden s\u00f6z edilmez.\u00a0 Almanlar Sava\u015fta yenildi\u011finden Osmanl\u0131 da yenilmi\u015f say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin Cahit i\u00e7in Sava\u015f, ile gelen, umulmad\u0131k bir l\u00fctuf ve beklenen g\u00fcn\u00fcn sevincidir: \u201csava\u015f\u0131n, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonunun gelmekte oldu\u00ad\u011fu, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na konmu\u015f talih ku\u015fu oldu\u011funu\u2026\u00a0beklenen g\u00fcn\u00fcn nihayet geldi\u011fini\u2026 T\u00fcrklerin daha \u00f6nceden yapamad\u0131k\u00adlar\u0131\u2026 tarih\u00ee hesab\u0131 g\u00f6receklerini\u2026\u201d yazarak, T\u00fcrklerin, \u201ctarihin hen\u00fcz yazmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 intikam ve deh\u015feti ya\u015fatacaklar[\u0131]\u201d[3]<\/a>\u00a0f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak Malta\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen H\u00fcseyin Cahit, \u0130TC\u2019nin Sava\u015f i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fi\u00a0sorun<\/em>lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni Sorununun geldi\u011fini \u00a0ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin Cahit\u2019e kulak kabart\u0131rsak.<\/p>\n Daha Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda buna dair bir ajandan\u0131n oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f i\u00e7inde \u00fclkenin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck etki yaratm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015flerden biri de Ermeni sorunudur. \u00dclkenin sava\u015f i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bir Ermeni sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ilk kez, \u00c7anakkale\u2019ye gitti\u011fimiz zaman, Enver\u2019in a\u011fz\u0131ndan i\u015fitmi\u015ftim.<\/em><\/p>\n Kafkas cephesindeki olaylardan s\u00f6z etti\u011fi s\u0131rada Ermenilerin aldatmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ordunun \u00e7ekti\u011fi zorlu\u011fu, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyanlar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tehlikeyi anlat\u0131yordu.<\/em><\/p>\n Ba\u015fkald\u0131ran Ermeni \u00e7eteleri, T\u00fcrk ordusunu arkadan vurmak i\u00e7in erzak kollar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131yorlar, yaral\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar, d\u00fc\u015fmana casusluk yap\u0131yorlar, s\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131, T\u00fcrk ordusu i\u00e7in bir felaket yarat\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n Enver, bu tehlikenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in, Do\u011fu illerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn Ermenileri yerlerinden kald\u0131rarak ba\u015fka yanlara g\u00f6ndermek gere\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Bu giri\u015fimin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve zorlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duraksad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, zihnimde kal\u0131p da y\u00f6neltemedi\u011fim bir soruyu kar\u015f\u0131lamak ister gibi a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131: \u2018Bununla birlikte\u2019 dedi, \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak kol gereklidir. Bu Ermenilere bir \u015fey yap\u0131lmayarak, zarar vermeyecekleri yerlerde yerle\u015ftirilmeleri sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00c7anakkale\u2019den \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, Ermeni sorunu ve Ermeni tehlikesiyle ilgili bir \u015fey i\u015fitmemi\u015f oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in, Enver\u2019in bu s\u00f6zleri akl\u0131mdan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Ancak sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilenler masum bir yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn, D\u00fcyun-\u0131 Umumiye\u2019de bulundu\u011fum s\u0131rada, ziyaretime Naz\u0131m geldi. Doktor Naz\u0131m de\u011fil, ondan ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Naz\u0131m dedi\u011fimiz, D\u00fcyun-\u0131 Umumiye memurlar\u0131ndan Naz\u0131m. Kendisi g\u00f6revle Anadolu\u2019ya gitmi\u015fti. \u015eimdi \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fcnce beni g\u00f6rmeye gelmi\u015fti.<\/em><\/p>\n Bir iki s\u00f6zden sonra: \u2018Aman Cahit\u2019 dedi; \u2018bilsen Anadolu\u2019da neler oluyor! Ermeni sorunu m\u00fcthi\u015f \u2026\u2019 Cevap bekleyerek y\u00fcz\u00fcne bakt\u0131m. O bilgiler verdi. Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n abartmayaca\u011f\u0131na inanmakla birlikte anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hikayeler ve kendi g\u00f6zlemleri beni \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131\u2026 Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n anlatt\u0131klar\u0131yla Enver\u2019in Ermenilere hi\u00e7 bir zarar gelmeden \u00fclkeye yararl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecekleri yerlere g\u00f6nderilmeleri gere\u011fi \u00fczerinde s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015feyler birbirine uymuyordu.<\/em>[4]<\/a>\u00a0Olanlar\u0131 s\u0131ralamaya Cahit\u2019in dili bile varmaz, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 bu kadar\u0131yla ge\u00e7i\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in Sava\u015f bir L\u00fctuftur.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek hem sava\u015f\u0131 finanse ederken, Ermenilerin birikimlerine m\u00fclklerine de el koyarak, sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda homojen bir n\u00fcfus hayallerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirler.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en kanl\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi vilayetlerden, ba\u015f\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r vilayeti gelmektedir. Hem Ermeni n\u00fcfusun fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemde tehcir denilen \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funun var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131ndan biri olarak mezbaha vilayetlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Ermenilerin ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini kama\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, olu\u015fan husumetin de \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biridir. \u0130slam\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 olarak sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan itibaran her f\u0131rsatta bu zenginli\u011fe uzanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Hamidi d\u00f6nemden itibaren bunu sistematikle\u015ftirirler.<\/p>\n 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa konsolos yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak atanan Gustave Meyrier, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ilk tacizler \u015fubat 1895\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Meyrier, tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve nakletti\u011fi H\u0131ristiyan nefretinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, olaylar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek, bu husumetin Ermeni meselesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesini de a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekler:<\/p>\n \u201cBu gidi\u015fat \u0131rk fark\u0131 g\u00f6stermeden t\u00fcm H\u0131ristiyanlara uygulan\u0131yor, Ermeni, Kildani, S\u00fcryani, Rum farketmiyordu\u2026 Dine kar\u015f\u0131 bir nefrete dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ac\u0131mas\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ise, bir kesimin g\u00fcc\u00fc ile bir di\u011ferinin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hatta Ermeni meselesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ermeniler en fazla k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye tabi tutuluyorlar ise, en kalabal\u0131k grup olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7indir.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde verdi\u011fimiz ekonomik tablo\u00a0 1895\u2019te de farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Katliamlarda can kayb\u0131 yan\u0131nda, ekonomik kay\u0131plar, toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve yerinden edilmeler e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ncesindeki k\u0131r\u0131lma noktalar\u0131 ve \u015fiddetin artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere i\u015faret edersek, bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 1914 Diyarbak\u0131r Hububat Pazar\u0131 yang\u0131n\u0131 gelir. En iyi belgelenmi\u015f ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131ma neden olmu\u015f yang\u0131nlar\u00addan birisidir.<\/p>\n Yang\u0131n yeri, olaydan iki sene sonras\u0131nda bile temizlenememi\u015f; bu durum hem lojistik hem de halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u00ads\u0131ndan ciddi sorunlar yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kaydedilmektedir. Bu yang\u0131nda devlet g\u00f6revlilerinin ihmal, suistimal, hatta kas\u00adti olmas\u0131 ihtimali, h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e sorgulanm\u0131\u015f; vilayete Dahili\u00adye Nezareti\u2019nden g\u00f6nderilen 3.9.1914 tarihli telgrafta, yang\u0131\u00adn\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hububat Pazar\u0131\u2019ndaki gece bek\u00e7ilerinin vazifeleri\u00adni yapmamalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, mallar\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u00admak i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kolayl\u0131k g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi halde H\u0131ristiyan ma\u011faza sahiplerine m\u00fcsaade olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, polis komiseri Memduh Bey\u2019in bilhassa Ermenilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131 emniyete almalar\u0131\u00adn\u0131 men etti\u011fi ve K\u00fcrdlerle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Ermeni ma\u011fazalar\u0131\u00adn\u0131 ya\u011fma etmelerine m\u00fcsaade olundu\u011fu ve nizami ordu asker\u00adlerinin de buna i\u015ftirak ettikleri halde zabitleri taraf\u0131ndan engel olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi\u011finden yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi ile devam et\u00adti\u011fi esnada ihbar olunan ahvalin vuku bulup bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tah\u00adkikat\u0131 istenmi\u015fti.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Tahkikat\u0131n sonucu Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivinde bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Peki ne olmu\u015ftu? Vali Celal Bey\u2019in beklenmedik tayini ve veda t\u00f6\u00adreni s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00f6yledikleri, asl\u0131nda olacaklar\u0131n i\u015faretidir. 17 A\u011fustos\u2019ta veda ziyeretinde bulunan Ermeni temsilcilerine \u00abistismar\u00bbdan s\u00f6z eden Vali 18 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan \u00a0ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 19 A\u011fustos gece yar\u0131s\u0131 yang\u0131n ba\u015flar.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n Tepoyan Diyarbak\u0131r Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131rarak ya\u015fanan y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015ftir\u00a0:[8]<\/a><\/p>\n 1914 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n 18. G\u00fcn\u00fc Gece yar\u0131s\u0131, Diyarbekir Bu\u011fday pazar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve be\u015f saat i\u00e7inde her tarafa yay\u0131lan yang\u0131nda: 1080 D\u00fckkan, 13 B\u00fcy\u00fck Ma\u011faza, 3 Han ve 14 Direk hane yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yang\u0131n sonucu, (350.000) Alt\u0131n Lira de\u011ferine mal yand\u0131\u011f\u0131, resmen belediye taraf\u0131ndan tespit edilmi\u015ftir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n Fakat gayri resmi, inan\u0131l\u0131r kan\u0131tlara dayan\u0131larak anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, maddi zarar\u0131n de\u011feri bu rakamdan fazlad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, kesinlikle anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki: Polis Komiseri Gevranizade Memduh beyin emriyle, \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 Bek\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 yere d\u00f6k\u00fclen Petrol\u2019\u00fcn tutu\u015fturulmas\u0131 sonucu bu yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 k\u0131sa bir zamanda, bu kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da ticarethane ve i\u015f yerleri yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, Komiser Memduh beyin, emrindeki polislerle yang\u0131n alan\u0131n\u0131 sard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye gelen Ermeni d\u00fckkan sahiplerini yakla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, mal a\u015f\u0131rmaya gelen \u00e7apulculara engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nazar\u0131 dikkati \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n Bu yang\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda komiser Memduh beyin su\u00e7lulu\u011fu o derece kesinlikle anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaktan kurtar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, Adana\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilerek bu facian\u0131n \u00f6rtbas edilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki Ermeni zenginli\u011fine bir ba\u015fka toplu taarruz da seferberlikte birlikte y\u00fcklenen\u00a0 tekalif-i harbiye y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u0130ngltere Konsolos yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Tomas M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7yan 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kahire\u2019de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 An\u0131lar\u0131nda[10]<\/a>\u00a0bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc vergi (!)nin zalimane uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eder:<\/p>\n \u00abTekalif-i Harbiye toplayabilmek i\u00e7in hemen bir heyet kurulur.\u00a0Ahz ve Sevki Asker<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 askeri heyetin yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Bu kurulu\u015fun y\u00f6neticileri \u0130ttihat Komitesi Diyarbak\u0131r \u015eubesi sorumlular\u0131 m\u00fcd\u00fcr Attar Hakk\u0131 efendi [Tekiner] ve \u0130ttihat murahhas\u0131 Cercis A\u011fazade K\u00f6r Yusuf bey [G\u00f6ksu], ikisi de Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tekalif kurumunun vilayetin her k\u00f6\u015fesinde \u015fubelerini a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Bu kurumun amac\u0131 askere destek ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda t\u00fcm Ermenilerin ticari varl\u0131klar\u0131na el koymakt\u0131.\u00bb<\/p>\n Uygulama M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7yan\u2019\u0131n yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Ermenilerin her \u00e7e\u015fit mallar\u0131na el konulmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u00abMallar\u0131n cinsinde hi\u00e7bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmaz. Y\u00fcnl\u00fc, pamuklu kuma\u015f ve haz\u0131r giysiler, demir ve bak\u0131r e\u015fyalar ve aletler, \u015feker, \u00e7ay, kahve, kibrit, her \u00e7e\u015fit ya\u011f ve gaz, bu\u011fday, arpa, yulaf, pirin\u00e7, pamuk, at, deve, iyi cins at, kat\u0131r, e\u015fek, inek, kara \u00f6k\u00fcz, ke\u00e7i, \u00f6k\u00fcz, koyun, hal\u0131lar, kilimler, yorgan, yatak cinsinden her \u015feyi sava\u015f ihtiyac\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda el koyup toplad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde Ermeni d\u00fckkan ve i\u015fyerleri bu\u011fday ve arpa silolar\u0131, kuyular\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvan ah\u0131rlar\u0131 vilayetin merkezi ve k\u00f6ylerde toplanarak bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131. Toplanan her \u015fey \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Komite ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin depolar\u0131na dolduruldu. Depolar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na da kendi adamlar\u0131n\u0131 atad\u0131lar. Toplanan mallara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u0130ttihad\u0131n tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerinin imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve sava\u015ftan sonra sahiplerine geri verilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc verilmi\u015f teslim evraklar\u0131 verilmekteydi.<\/p>\n Bu esnada Ermeni sanatkar ve zanaatkarlar da hi\u00e7bir \u00fccret verilmeksizin haks\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131lar, orduevleri, depolar ve fabrikalarda siyasi ve askeri y\u00f6neticiler hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u00bb<\/p>\n M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7yan, yap\u0131lan haks\u0131z uygulamalar\u0131 dile getirmek i\u00e7in komisyon ba\u015fkan\u0131na giderek, \u015fikayetlerini bildirir: \u00ab1914 senesi Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n 10. \u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fc, Diyarbekir Tekalif-i Harbiye Komisyonu Dairesine ziyarete gittim. Komisyon Reisi Cercis zade (K\u00f6r) Yusuf efendi ile \u00a0konu\u015fmam\u0131z s\u0131ras\u0131nda dedim ki:<\/p>\n \u2013 Diyarbekir Vilayetinde Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7te\/ikisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman. \u00dc\u00e7te\/biri H\u0131ristiyan\u2019d\u0131r. Tekalif-i Harbiye y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de bu nispete g\u00f6re halka sal\u0131nmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. Lakin komisyonunuzun haz\u0131rladi\u011fi hesap cetveline bak\u0131l\u0131nca, Tek\u00e2lif-i Harbiye\u2019nin Alt\u0131da\/Be\u015f\u2019i H\u0131ristiyanlara, Alt\u0131da\/biri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00fcklenildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Komisyon Reisi Yusuf Efendi \u015f\u00f6yle cevaplad\u0131:<\/p>\n Fakat, Ermeniler zengindirler. \u015eehrin ve Vilayetin \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndaki d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu onlar\u0131nd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn ticaret ve sanayi onlar\u0131n elindedir. \u00c7ok paralar\u0131 vard\u0131r, \u00e7ok vermeleri laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yusuf Efendinin s\u00f6ylediklerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ben \u015funu s\u00f6yledim: \u015eehir i\u00e7inde ve \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u00f6y ve arazi sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131; han ve d\u00fckkanlar\u0131 bulundu\u011funu: Ermenilerle ortak ticaret yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan, onlar kadar kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131; Ermenilerden fazla haz\u0131r nakit paralar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledim.<\/p>\n \u015eehrin zengin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman e\u015fraflar\u0131ndan bir ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 misal g\u00f6sterdim. Bunlar\u0131n hem say\u0131ca, hem servet\u00e7e Ermenilerden \u00e7ok fazla zengin olduklar\u0131n\u0131; hem de haz\u0131r para sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131m. \u00dcstelik bir ay kadar evvel Diyarbekir \u015fehri i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n sonucu, Ermenilerin d\u00fckkanlar\u0131 ve i\u015f yerleri yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bundan dolay\u0131 \u015fimdi\u00a0 Ermeni zenginleri bile fakir hale d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcklerini bildirdim.<\/p>\n Ve konu\u015fman\u0131n sonuna \u015fu s\u00f6zleri ekledim:<\/p>\n \u2013 Her i\u015fte adalet ve do\u011fruluk laz\u0131md\u0131r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131\u2019na m\u00fcsavi muamele yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer Ermeniler ezdirilirse, (Alt\u0131n do\u011furan yavrular\u0131n\u0131) T\u00fcrkler \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olacaklard\u0131r. Son s\u00f6zlerime Yusuf efendi cevap vermedi, Sustu\u2026..\u00bb<\/p>\n M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7yan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zlerine Cercisa\u011fazade cevap vermez.<\/p>\n S\u00f6ylediklerinin do\u011frulu\u011funu kabul edip, etmedi\u011fini belli etmez. Lakin haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cedvellerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 rakamlarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ve sonralar\u0131 yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlere bak\u0131l\u0131nca, ne ricalar\u0131n, ne de M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7yan\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi ger\u00e7eklerin tesiri olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n Tepoyan\u2019a g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Genel Merkezinden g\u00f6nderilen a\u00e7\u0131k emre uyularak: Diyarbekir \u015fehir i\u00e7i ve \u00e7evresindeki Ermenilerden (Tekalif-i Harbiye) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda (15,000,000 G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kuru\u015f) yani; (150,000) Osmanl\u0131 Alt\u0131n\u0131 toplat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Zaten her yerde oldu\u011fu gibi, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Soyk\u0131r\u0131m planl\u0131 ve programl\u0131 bir ajandan\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sava\u015fla birlikte Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet sarmal\u0131 t\u0131rmanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak\u00a0 \u0130TC daha Sava\u015f\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde muhaliflere ve muhalif olabileceklere bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu politikan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1914 tarihinde yerel Ermeni \u00f6nderlerinin\u00a0 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6zetimi ve denetimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 talimat\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n Talat 26 Aral\u0131k 1914 g\u00fcnl\u00fc talimat\u0131yla, \u201ct\u00fcm Erme\u00adni polis memur ve amirlerinin, Ermeni kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin i\u015f\u00adlerine son verilmesini ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n da s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6n\u00adderilmesini\u2019\u2019[12]<\/a>\u00a0emretmi\u015ftir. Bu talimat \u00ab\u0130TC\u2019nin Ermenilerin Osmanl\u0131lara sadakatine dair ku\u015fkular\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fareti.\u00bb[13]<\/a>\u00a0olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda gelece\u011fin bir habercisi gibidir.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n Diyarbak\u0131r H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n sonunun as\u0131l ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131,\u00a0yumu\u015fak<\/em>\u00a0bulunan vali Hamit Bey\u2019in (Kapanc\u0131) merkeze al\u0131narak, yerine \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u00a0 ile Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n cisimle\u015fmi\u015f hali Dr. Mehmed Re\u015fid\u2019in\u00a0 vali olarak tayin edilmesiyle ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n 28 Mart 1915\u2019te, Doktor Mehmed Re\u015fid, Diyarbekir valisi olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. Dr\u00a0 Re\u015fid, denetimli olarak sal\u0131verilen mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131 da katt\u0131\u011f\u0131, 30 ila 50 \u00c7erkez\u2019den olu\u015fan bir seyyar m\u00fcf\u00adreze birli\u011fini de beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Re\u015fid\u00a0 s\u0131radan bir vilayet valisinden farkl\u0131 ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn sahibidir. Ermeni milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi tehlike\u00adsini zihninde bir saplant\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren Mehmed Re\u015fid, \u00abErmeni meselesi\u00adnin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc\u00bbne adanm\u0131\u015f, bir milis grubunu da i\u00e7ine katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir komite kur\u00admu\u015f ve soru\u015fturmalara giri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Dr. Re\u015fit Diyarbak\u0131r yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n faili olup Adana\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen Memduh\u2019u [G\u00fcran][14]<\/a>\u00a0da geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Dr. Re\u015fid\u2019in gelir gelmez organize etti\u011fi, Mektup\u00e7u Bedri, Jandarma komutan\u0131 R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, e\u015fraftan Yasinzade \u015eevki [Ekinci],[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Pirin\u00e7\u00e7zade Fevzi, M\u00fcft\u00fczade \u015eeref beylerden olu\u015fan bir soru\u015fturma komisyonu olu\u015f\u00adturdu.<\/p>\n Ard\u0131ndan\u00a0 da Ermenileri taciz ve katliamlar\u0131 organize etmek i\u00e7in kendi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00a0Meclis-i ali<\/em>\u00a0olu\u015fturur. Ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 Feyzi ve \u00e7eteler kumandan\u0131 Cemilpa\u015fazade Mustafa\u2019d\u0131r. \u00dcyelerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131: Feyzi\u2019nin Ye\u011feni Pirin\u00e7\u00e7izade S\u0131dk\u0131 [Taranc\u0131], M\u00fcftizade \u015eeref [Ulu\u011f], Harputlu H\u00fcseyin, Yasinzade \u015eevki, Velibabazade Veli Necdet [S\u00fcnkitay], Z\u00fclfizade Adil [Ti\u011frel], Katipzade \u015eevket [Asena], Z\u00fclfizade Z\u00fclfi [Ti\u011frel], Cercis A\u011fazade Abd\u00fclkerim [Aksu], Direk\u00e7izade Tahir[i]<\/a>, Ganizade Servet [Akkaynak], Cercis A\u011fazade K\u00f6r Yusuf [G\u00f6ksu], Attar Hakk\u0131 [Tekiner].<\/p>\n Bu kadro ile\u00a0 \u0130TC kurucular\u0131[16]<\/a>, Patrik Zaven\u2019in listesindeki[17]<\/a>\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m akt\u00f6rleri ile Diyarbak\u0131r M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti \u00fcyeleri listesi[18]<\/a>\u00a0neredeyse bire bir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu durumun Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ile Milli M\u00fccadele aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de\u015fifre ettti\u011fini rahat\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n Bu ekibin merkezinde Merkez-i Umumi \u00fcyesi Mehmed Ziya (G\u00f6kalp) yer almaktad\u0131r. Ekibin neredeyse tamam\u0131 birbirleriyle akraba ve h\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r. Ziya, Feyzi\u2019nin ye\u011feni, M\u00fcft\u00fc \u0130brahim (Ulu\u011f) Arif Feyzi\u2019nin day\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eevket Asena\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fi Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019\u0131n ablas\u0131, Feyzi ile S\u0131tk\u0131 ve \u00a0Cercis A\u011fazadeler de kuzen\u2026 listeyi uzatabiliriz.<\/p>\n Dr Re\u015fid Nisan ay\u0131nda 600 Ermeni ileri gelenini ve zanatk\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 tu\u00adtuklad\u0131. Diyarbekir\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck H\u0131ristiyan siyasi elit tabakas\u0131n\u0131 hapse att\u0131ktan son\u00adra onlar\u0131n din\u00ee liderlerine sald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015fkenceye maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu katlettirdi. Art\u0131k vilayetteki t\u00fcm Ermenilerin su\u00e7lan\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda, katliamlar ger\u00e7ek bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m boyutuna vard\u0131; \u00e7ok say\u0131da kad\u0131n tecav\u00fcze u\u011frad\u0131 ve k\u00f6le olarak sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Temmuz 1915\u2019te bir \u201cTerk Edilmi\u015f Mallar\u201d Komisyonu ku\u00adruldu. Kiliseler ve zengin H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n evleri; asker\u00ee hastanelere, cephane\u00adliklere, yetimhanelere ya da camilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00admula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ellerinden al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Ermenilerin tehci\u00adri izledi.<\/p>\n Bu tablodan en \u00e7ok yararlananlar bakanl\u0131klar, askerler, burjuva s\u0131\u00adn\u0131f\u0131 ve Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019nda m\u00fclteci olarak gelen \u201ckolonlar\u201d oldu. Arnavutlar ve Bo\u015fnaklar, Adana ve Mardin ovalar\u0131ndaki Ermeni ve S\u00fcryani k\u00f6yleri\u00adne yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 bo\u015falan ova k\u00f6ylerini tekrar n\u00fcfusland\u0131rmak gerekiyordu. Mehmed Re\u015fid, Mart 1916\u2019da Ankara valili\u011fi g\u00f6revine ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in bu \u015fehirden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Diyarbekir vilayetinin H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 (toplam 157.000 kurban) ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,[19]<\/a>ekonomi \u00e7\u00f6kertilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu H\u0131ristiyan olan i\u015f\u00e7i ve teknis\u00adyenlerini, karadut tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, ipek b\u00f6ce\u011fi yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini ve ipek do\u00adkumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00a0\u00f6zellikle maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi ve bak\u0131r end\u00fcstrisi de b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc.[20]<\/a>\u00a0Ermenilerin ihrac\u0131yla, pamuklu kuma\u015f ve \u00e7anak-\u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilik \u00fcretimi b\u00f6lgede son buldu. Yerel iktisadi entelijensiyadan kalan son adam\u0131n da ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, b\u00f6lgenin ekonomik geli\u015fimine d\u00f6n\u00fck her t\u00fcrl\u00fc potansiyel t\u00fckenmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n \u0130TC\u2019nin bu boyutta bir Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktu. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yerel g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Yerel g\u00fc\u00e7ler bu olguyu f\u0131rsata \u00e7evirerek ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara dikte ettirdiler. Bunun r\u00f6van\u015f\u0131 1925 sonras\u0131nda al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131n\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu durumun irdelenmesine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli olgu; Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ileri ile K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ileri aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkileri g\u00f6rmezden gelerek, i\u015fbili\u011fi i\u00e7indeydiler. B\u00fc y\u00fczden tarihi b\u00f6l\u00fcnme 10 y\u0131l \u00a0sonras\u0131na denk gelir.<\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc Ermenilerin zenginli\u011finin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylersek abartm\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131z. Her s\u0131n\u0131f mensubu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bunca talan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Tepoyan\u2019\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re;\u00a0tehcir<\/em>lerden sonra, \u00abErmeni T\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda, d\u00fckkanlar\u0131nda ve depolar\u0131nda bulunan mallar\u0131 de H\u00fck\u00fcmet kuvvetlerin g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbelilerin evlerine g\u00f6nderiliyor; bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bunlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131tanlar taraf\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor; gerisi kalan, Emval-i Metruke Anbar\u0131 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan yere g\u00f6nderiliyordu. Bu i\u015fler Diyarbekir i\u00e7inde d\u00f6rt ay devam etti.\u00bb<\/p>\n Diyarbekir\u2019deki H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfus 1915 sonbahar\u0131na kadar b\u00fc\u00ady\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katledilmi\u015f, s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[21]<\/a>\u00a018 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Re\u015fid, Talat\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta \u015fun\u00adlar\u0131 bildiriyordu:\u00a0\u015eehirden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yu\u00adkar\u0131 120.000\u2019i buldu<\/em>.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n Frans\u0131z Dominikan Peder Jacques Rhetore\u2019ye g\u00f6re, 1915-1916 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan zul\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda 144.185 H\u0131ristiyan kaybolmu\u015ftu, bunlar\u0131n 58.000\u2019i Gregoryan Erme\u00adni, 11.500\u2019\u00fc Katolik Ermeni, 10.010\u2019u Kildani, 3.450\u2019si Ka\u00adtolik S\u00fcryani, 60.725\u2019i Yakubi S\u00fcryani ve 500\u2019\u00fc de Protestand\u0131.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n Daha y\u00fcksek bir say\u0131 Binba\u015f\u0131 Noel taraf\u0131ndan verilmek\u00adtedir, ona g\u00f6re, kurbanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 45.000\u2019i Gregoryan Ermeni, 6.000\u2019i Katolik Ermeni, 7.000\u2019i Kildani, 2.000\u2019i Katolik S\u00fcrya\u00adni, 96.000\u2019i Yakubi S\u00fcryani ve 1.200\u2019\u00fc de Protestan olmak \u00fczere toplam 157.000\u2019di.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ek say\u0131lar ne olursa olsun, 1915 soy\u00adk\u0131r\u0131m zulm\u00fcnde, Diyarbekir\u2019deki H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfusun neredey\u00adse tamam\u0131 yok edilmi\u015fti.[25]<\/a>\u00a0K\u00f6ylerin tamam\u0131, mahalleler, cemaat\u00adler, b\u00fcy\u00fck aileler yok edildi ya da yok olma noktas\u0131na getirildi.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n Diyarbak\u0131r ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki Katoliklerin katliamlar\u0131na dair Katolik Misyon Raporlar\u0131ndan bir se\u00e7ki EK-\u00a02 de verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde incelenmeyen konulardan biri de s\u00fcre\u00e7te katledilen Rum n\u00fcfusun boyutlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcng\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda bu duruma k\u0131saca da olsa de\u011finmi\u015f ve Silvan \u00f6zelinde bir \u00f6rnek vermi\u015ftir: \u00abAz say\u0131daki Ortodoks ve Katolik Rum da bu katliamlardan pay\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Katolik bir Rum vatanda\u015f\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 Alman Yar\u00add\u0131mc\u0131 Konsolos R\u00f6ssler\u2019e ba\u015fvurmu\u015f, kocas\u0131 Yorgi Obegi, k\u0131\u00adz\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt erkek karde\u015finden Diyarbekir\u2019deki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir ta\u00adn\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na saklanmaya gittiklerinden beri haber ala\u00admad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Ancak sonradan bunlar\u0131n yakalana\u00adrak s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi, ama Diyarbekir\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r \u00e7\u0131\u00adkar\u0131lmaz \u00fczerlerindeki de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar al\u0131n\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri an\u00adla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rum Ortodoks papaz\u0131 sessizce ortadan kaybolmu\u015f ve muhtemelen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir Osmanl\u0131 g\u00f6revli, Memduh Bey\u2019in papaz\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc itiraf etti\u011fini R\u00f6ssler\u2019e anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[27]<\/a>\u00a0Silvan b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan 583 Rum\u2019un 425\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u00bb[28]<\/a><\/p>\n Alman belgelerinde de Ermenilerin yan\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fclen di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyanlardan s\u00f6z edilmektedir. R\u00f6ssler\u2019in Bethmann-Hollweg\u2019e yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1915 tarihli raporunda bu konuda olduk\u00e7a ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. \u00abDo\u011fu Vilayetlerinden Ermeniler\u2019den ba\u015fka sadece Nasturiler de\u011fil, eski S\u00fcryaniler (Yakubiler), Katolik S\u00fcryaniler, di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyanlar da s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Uzun s\u00fcreden beri burada bu gibi H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6yleniyordu. Ben burada do\u011fmu\u015f, mesle\u011fi gere\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli halk katmanlar\u0131yla temas halinde olan, iyi g\u00f6zlemci bir Avrupal\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131ktan bildiklerini bana yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak vermesini rica ettim, onun verdi\u011fi notlar\u0131 da ekliyorum. Ayr\u0131ca buraya erkekleri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n gelen, Ermeni olmayan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc H\u0131ristiyan kad\u0131n var. Erkeklerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir vakada kay\u0131plar Rum Katolik.\u00a0\u00bb[29]<\/a><\/p>\n Tepoyan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde katledilen toplum \u00f6nderlerini sayarken, Mumciyan Karde\u015fler(S\u00fcryani Katolik), Mikayel Rumi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (S\u00fcryani Katolik), Bedros Hekimyan (Kildani) ve Fethullah Hekimyan (Kildani) yan\u0131nda, Yorgi Abac\u0131, Yusuf Kosti, ve Sarraf Vasil gibi Rum \u00f6nderlerin \u00a0isimlerini verir.<\/p>\n Tepoyan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bir ba\u015fka bak\u0131mdan da \u00f6nemlidir. Tepoyan\u00a0 ilk kez el konan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 isimleri yan\u0131nda\u00a0 el koyan failleri de listeler. Tepoyan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 esaretten ka\u00e7an kad\u0131nlar\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131yla da zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131nlara ve \u00e7ocuklara el kondu\u011funda miras\u0131na da el konulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n 12 Temmuz 1915 tarihli emirde\u00a0; \u201cErmenilerin nakil ve sevkleri esnas\u0131nda velisiz kalmas\u0131 muhtemel olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n<\/em>\u00a0bak\u0131m ve terbiyeleri\u201d i\u00e7in Ermeni ve ecnebi bulunmayan kura ve kazalardaki ileri gelen; itibarl\u0131 ve haysiyetli ki\u015filere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, mali durumu iyi olmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelere otuz kuru\u015f ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir. Bu telgrafta da iki husus olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli. Birincisi, \u201cvelisiz kalmas\u0131 muhtemel\u201d ifadesidir. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen yerlerin \u00e7o\u011funda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler daha yeni ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, bu telgraf\u0131n da okunduktan sonra imha edilmesi istenmi\u015ftir.[30]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yanlar\u0131na alanlar veya bir k\u0131zla evlenenler, bu \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kabul edilecek ve Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n miras\u0131 bu ki\u015filere kalacakt\u0131r. \u0130lgili emir 11 A\u011fustos 1915 tarihinde t\u00fcm Emval-i Met\u00adruke komisyon ba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na bildirilir.[31]<\/a><\/p>\n Ba\u015fta Emlak-\u0131 Metruke komisyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6revlileri olmak \u00fczere, yerel y\u00f6neticiler ve ileri gelenler aras\u0131nda, zengin Ermeni ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ev\u00adlat edinme veya kocalan s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kad\u0131nlar ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlarla evlenme yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar. Harputlu bir k\u0131z\u0131n, mallar\u0131na el koyabilmek i\u00e7in, \u015fehrin ileri gelen bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan haremine dahil edilmesi; Erzurum konvoyunda bulunan baz\u0131 zengin Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, mallar\u0131na hukuken el koyabilmek i\u00e7in zorla evlendirilmeleri, bu ya\u011fmaya verilebilecek \u00f6rneklerden sadece baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r[32]<\/a><\/p>\n 23 Eyl\u00fcl 1931 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0Diyarbekir Gazetesi<\/em>nin 3. sahifesinin 5. s\u00fctunundaki tapu dairesinin ilan\u0131nda, Fatih Pa\u015fa Mahallesi\u2019nde sat\u0131\u015fa konu olan gayrimenkulun sahibi, Acemiyan \u0130stepan\u2019n\u0131n kerimesi\/evlad\u0131 Nivart\u2019\u0131n, Fatma Zekiye yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n Dr. Re\u015fid\u2019ten sonra vali olarak atanan Re\u015fid\u2019in mektup\u00e7usu, Bedri Bey, Kas\u0131m 1916\u2019da Rum, Katolik, Protestan, S\u00fcryani ve Kildani H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n mallar\u0131 konusunda Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019ne dan\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131. Bu insanlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise yerlerinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eimdi bunlar veya alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 yetkililere ba\u015fvuruyordu.<\/p>\n Bedri Bey, Ermeniler\u00adle ilgili emirleri bu vak\u2019alara da uygulay\u0131p uygulayamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soruyordu. Nezaret s\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015f gayrim\u00fcslimlerin mallar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine ait oldu\u011funu be\u00adlirtti. Ancak, geride kalm\u0131\u015f Ermenilerin mallar\u0131yla, Ermenilerle birlikte s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00adm\u00fc\u015f di\u011fer gayrim\u00fcslimlerin mallar\u0131 tasfiye edilmeliydi.[34]<\/a>\u00a0Merkezim emrinde, \u00a0Diyarba\u00adk\u0131r vilayetindeki di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyan cemaatlerinin de, ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011filse bile, tehcir politikas\u0131na dahil edildi\u011fi kabul edilmektedir.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n El koymalar\u0131n[36]<\/a>\u00a0ve gasp\u0131n yan\u0131nda, zenginle\u015fmenin ve nemalanman\u0131n\u00a0 bir\u00e7ok boyutu vard\u0131r: M\u00fcft\u00fc \u0130brahim (Ulu\u011f) Din de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerden bir servet edindi. Lakin bu m\u00fchtediler birka\u00e7 hafta sonra \u00f6l\u00fcm konvoylar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan nemalanman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka boyutu da Ermenilerin g\u00fcveninin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcng\u00f6r ve Polatel, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m incelemelerindeki Ergani b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Zakir Beg \u00f6rne\u011fini verirler; Zakir Beg ailesi, servetini Ermenilerin g\u00fcvenini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak Ermeniler \u00f6l\u00fcm yoluna kondu\u011funda, onlar\u0131n birikimlerine el koymu\u015ftur:\u00a0Ekonomist Z\u00fclk\u00fcf Ayd\u0131n, Ergani b\u00f6lgesini detayl\u0131 olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir Diyarbekir k\u00f6y\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131s\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt ailesi olan Aydo\u011fanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemini izliyordu. Ayd\u0131n\u2019\u0131n detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, Aydo\u011fan ailesinin reisi, ticaret ve tefecilik alan\u0131nda i\u015ftigal eden en zengin e\u015fraftan biriydi. Zakir bey, ticaret ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc imalatla i\u015ftigal eden Ermeni se\u00e7kinleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. 1915\u2019de \u2018zengin Ermenilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131, Zakir beyin \u015fahsi arkada\u015flar\u0131, d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde geri almak kayd\u0131yla mal\/m\u00fclklerini Zakir bey\u2019e emanet ettiler ama asla d\u00f6nemediler. Ticaretinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeden, ama epeyce de\u011ferli maden ve para biriktiren Zakir bey ailesini al\u0131p Ergani\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0<\/em>[38]<\/a><\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131ma kitlesel deste\u011fe dair itiraf EK-4 te Savur\u2019lular\u0131n kitlesel olarak Aynvardo sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zelinde \u00f6rneklenmi\u015ftir.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n Diyarbekir\u2019de, Tirpanciyan\u2019\u0131n ipek fabrikas\u0131 M\u00fcft\u00fcz\u00e2de H\u00fcseyin (Ulu\u011f) ve Direk\u00e7iz\u00e2de Tahir (Direk\u00e7i) taraf\u0131ndan gasp edilmi\u015fti. Onlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ipek dokuma i\u015fyerleri kademeli olarak sanayile\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n H\u00fck\u00fcmet 1930\u2019da ipek \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in bir meslek okulu a\u00e7t\u0131, onlarca gen\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131rak yeti\u015ftirdi ve pratik ve finansal yard\u0131m sa\u011flayarak geli\u015ftirilmesini destekledi. H\u00fcseyin ve Tahir 1915\u2019te el koyduklar\u0131 ipek dokuma tezgahlarda \u015fal ve palto gibi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcrettiler.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130pek \u00fcreten Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n en zenginlerinden Tirpanciyan ailesinin soyundan biri ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde New York City\u2019de bir taksi s\u00fcrerken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.[41]<\/a>\u00a0Tirpanc\u0131yan ailesinin son fertlerinden Yervant Tirpancian, ailesi ile ilgili bilgiler verir: \u00abDedem Tirpanc\u0131yan Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131n\u0131n binas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Alt\u0131 ta\u015f, \u00fcst\u00fc portollerle yontma ta\u015f ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f. Banka i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bir nevi ortak. Ben Bankan\u0131n ufak bir hissesinin emval-i metruke oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bizim hissenin de izale-i suyu ile sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Hara\u00e7 mezat satt\u0131lar. T\u0131rpanciyan M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7 Efendinin evi e\u015fyalari ile o devirde \u0130ttihat ve Terakki mensubu Veli Necdet\u2019e verilmi\u015f. Evde e\u015fyalardan ba\u015fka, ticari e\u015fya\u2026 vs hari\u00e7 45 bin alt\u0131n nakit \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f\u2026\u00a0Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in de Tirpanciyanlara 1000 alt\u0131n borcu vard\u0131\u2026\u00bb[42]<\/a><\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n sonucunda Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da yerel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman se\u00e7kinler bir servet toplad\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fl\u0131ca faydalananlar aras\u0131nda Vali Re\u015fid Bey de var\u00add\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 1915\u2019te mebus K\u00e2mil Bey, \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek valiyi ihbar etti. Me\u00adbus, Re\u015fid Bey\u2019in ba\u015fl\u0131ca motivasyonunun a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck oldu\u011fundan ve bu ne\u00addenle katliamlar\u0131 di\u011fer gruplar\u0131 hedef alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletti\u011finden ku\u015fkula\u00adn\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Zengin Kildanileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015f ama bu cemaatin yoksul \u00fcyelerine dokunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta on M\u00fcsl\u00fcman fahi\u015feyi, servetleri nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Valinin b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda paraya ve de\u011ferli e\u015fyaya el koydu\u011funu iddia etti. Re\u00ad\u015fid Bey\u2019e y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiriler ve ku\u015fkular zaten art\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Ancak K\u00e2mil Bey\u2019in iddialar\u0131 tamamen memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. \u0130TC \u00f6nderli\u011fi, mebusu tehdit etti. Adam \u00e7ok \u015fey biliyordu ve parti Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetindeki katliamla ilgili bilginin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131labilece\u011finden korkuluyordu.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n Hilmar Kaiser, \u00dcng\u00f6r ve Polatel\u2019in Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131n gasp\u0131n\u0131 ili\u015fkin olarak; \u201cErmeni mallar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndaki bu etkili aileleri [Diyarbak\u0131r e\u015fraf\u0131] memnun edecek \u015fe\u00adkilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015fti, ama mallar\u0131n gasp\u0131yla soyk\u0131r\u0131m aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki \u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ti: j\u00f6nt\u00fcrk\u00a0\u00a0<\/sub>rejimi Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131 yerel se\u00e7kinlere, onlar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 desteklemesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fka\u00a0 bir deyi\u015fle bir kazan-kazan durumu s\u00f6z konusuydu. Rejim eski \u015fehir aristokrasisinin sadakatini, onlar\u0131n ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na seslenerek ve b\u00f6ylece yeni bir burjuvazi yaratarak sat\u0131n ald\u0131.\u201d[44]<\/a>\u00a0Yarg\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00abRejim eski \u015fehir aristokrasisinin sadakati\u00adni sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u2019\u00a0<\/em>iddias\u0131 hi\u00e7 de do\u011fru de\u011fildi. Yerel se\u00e7kinler kendi istediklerini kendileri alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.\u00bb ve ekler. K\u0131sacas\u0131 sald\u0131rganlar, di\u011fer f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131lar, vatanda\u015flar veya memurlar, vi\u00adlayetin Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar\u2026[45]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu olgu gelecek b\u00f6l\u00fcmde incelenecektir.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a>\u00a0Yani Kildaniler.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a>\u00a0Mustafa Kemal,\u00a0Eski\u015fehir \u2013 \u0130zmit Konu\u015fmalar\u0131 (1923),<\/em>\u00a0 Kaynak Y. 1998 s. 6.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a>\u00a0Tanin<\/em>\u00a014 Kas\u0131m 1914 akt. U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r,\u00a0Modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/em>, \u00e7ev\u00a0 Ali \u0130hsan Dalg\u0131\u00e7, \u0130leti\u015fim 2016, s. 115-116.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a>\u00a0H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n,\u00a0Siyasal An\u0131lar,<\/em>\u00a0T. \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Y. 2000, s 313-314<\/p>\n [5]<\/a>\u00a0Gustave Meyrier\u2019e,\u00a0Les Massacres de Diarbekir<\/em>, L\u00b4Inventaire, 2000, s. 53. Aktaran: Yves Ternon,\u00a0Mardin 1915, Bir Y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n Patolojik Anatomisi<\/em>, \u00c7ev: Naring\u00fcl Tateosyan, Belge, 2013, s. 175.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BOA.DH.\u015eFR 44\/234.<\/p>\n [7]<\/a>\u00a0Taylan\u00a0 Esin-Zeliha Et\u00f6z,\u00a01916 Ankara Yang\u0131n\u0131 Felaketin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>, \u0130leti\u015fim, 2015, s 64-65.<\/p>\n [8]<\/a>\u00a0A. Tepoyan,\u00a01915 Y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Faili \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1919 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yarg\u0131lan\u0131\u015f Tarihi (1878\u2019den 1918 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Ermeni Milleti ili\u015fkileri ve \u00f6nemli olaylar),<\/em>\u00a07. Cilt (Yay\u0131na Haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r)<\/p>\n [9]<\/a>\u00a0Zarar (350.000) Lira Kabul edilse bile, bu 1980 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Alt\u0131n Rayic de\u011ferine\u00a0 g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131rsa\u2026 (350.000\u00d713.000= 4.550.000.000 Tl eder) Yani: D\u00f6rt Milyar, Be\u015f y\u00fcz elli Milyon TL. eder.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7yan\u2019\u0131n \u00abDiyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Katliamlar ve K\u00fcrtlerin Vah\u015feti\u00bb orjinal ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131, Ermenice\u2019den \u00e7eviri: Vartanu\u015f \u00c7erme. An\u0131lar \u00abErmenilerin Kaleminden K\u00fcrtle\u015fen Ermeniler\u00bb ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, muhtemelen \u0130ngilizce\u2019den\u00a0 Kaya Ataberk \u00e7evirisiyle sans\u00fcrlenerek T&K Yay\u0131nevince 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a>\u00a0BOA.DH.\u015eFR 44\/200 6 ).1914 Talat\u2019tan vilayetlere<\/p>\n [12]<\/a>\u00a0BOA, DH.\u015eFR 48\/166, Talat\u2019tan Erzurum, Bitlis ve Van vilayetlerine, 26 Ara\u00adl\u0131k 1914.<\/p>\n [13]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r,\u00a0Modern T\u00fcrkiyenin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/em>\u2026 s 120.<\/p>\n [14]<\/a>\u00a0Memduh G\u00fcran, Kemalist d\u00f6nemde de Emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131nda komiserlik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kumara d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir oyunda resti g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve kaybedince k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. K\u00f6r olmu\u015f ve 1930\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda ekme\u011fe muhta\u00e7, sefalet i\u00e7inde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n [15]<\/a>\u00a0\u015eevki Ekinci\u2019nin aya\u011f\u0131 at\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczengisinde kal\u0131r ve s\u00fcr\u00fcklenerek \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n [16]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi erken bir tarihe rastlamaktad\u0131r. Zira \u0130ttih\u00e2d-\u0131 Osman\u00ee Cemiyeti\u2019nin kurucular\u0131ndan Dr. Abdullah Cevdet, 1894-1895\u2019te bir s\u00fcre Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da meydana gelen kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle doktor olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken. Mehmet Ziya (G\u00f6kalp) Bey\u2019i bu Cemiyet\u2019e alarak \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin Diyarbak\u0131r \u015fubesinin tohumlar\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r. Ziya G\u00f6kalp, \u0130stanbul\u2019a gidince \u0130ttihad-\u0131 Osman\u00ee Cemiyeti\u2019nin di\u011fer kurucu \u00fcyelerinden \u0130brahim Temo ve Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 Dr. \u0130shak S\u00fck\u00fbt\u00ee, onun cemiyete kesin kayd\u0131n\u0131 yaparlar. Bu y\u0131llarda Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da baz\u0131 politik s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin var oldu\u011fu ve \u0130stanbul\u2019dan getirilen illegal bro\u015f\u00fcrlerin gizlice da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilinmektedir. 23 Temmuz 1908\u2019de \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecanla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. H\u00fcrriyet ad\u0131na g\u00f6steriler ve toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in baz\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla gizli olarak kurdu\u011fu cemiyet, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti Diyarbekir \u015eubesi\u201d ad\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Cemiyetin ilk mensuplar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Mehmet Ziya (G\u00f6kalp), Attarzade Hakk\u0131 (Tekiner), Erzurumlu Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mazhar, Reji M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Abbas Fad\u0131l, Mirik\u00e2tibizade Ahmet Cemil (Asena), Cerciszade Yusuf (G\u00f6ksu), Yasinzade \u015eevki (Ekinci), \u00d6zdemiro\u011flu Kemal \u015eakip, Mustafa Akif (T\u00fctenk), Velibabazade Veli Necdet (S\u00fcnkitay), M\u00fcft\u00fczade \u015eeref (Ulu\u011f), Lalizade Mustafa ve Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref. Bunlardan ilk be\u015f ki\u015fi y\u00f6netim kurulunu te\u015fkil etmi\u015flerdir. Cemiyetin ilk mesul murahhas\u0131 Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019tir. Onun Selanik\u2019e gitmesinden sonra Attarzade Hakk\u0131 Bey bu g\u00f6reve getirilmi\u015ftir. Hakk\u0131 Bey\u2019den sonra Yasinzade \u015eevki (Ekinci) Bey mesul murahhas olmu\u015ftur. (Oktay Bozan, Peyman Gazetesi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyetinin Diyarbak\u0131r \u015eubesinin Faaliyetleri, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Diyarbak\u0131r, ed. \u0130. \u00d6zco\u015far ve di\u011f. Ensar ne\u015friyat, 2018 i\u00e7inde s. 408-409.<\/p>\n [17]<\/a>\u00a0Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu,\u00a0Patrik Zaven\u2019in Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fctleyicilerinin listesi Exterminators<\/em>,\u00a0 P\u00e9ri Y. 2011.<\/p>\n [18]<\/a>\u00a0Zazaz\u00e2de Mustafa\u00a0 (Ba\u015fkan), Ganizade Re\u015fat (\u00dc\u00e7ok), Attarzade Hakk\u0131, Haf\u0131z \u00d6mer Efendiz\u00e2de Kemal, Ulemadan Hamdi, Beysanz\u00e2de Molla Ahmet, Tahir A\u011faz\u00e2de Nedim, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7z\u00e2de Hayri, Muharremz\u00e2de Ali, Cercis A\u011faz\u00e2de Yusuf (G\u00f6ksu)), Hatip Sabir (Karaozan). M\u00fcft\u00fc Hac\u0131 \u0130brahim (Ulu\u011f), Piranl\u0131z\u00e2de Naz\u0131m (\u00d6nen), Nakib Bekir S\u0131tk\u0131 (Ocak) ve Cercisz\u00e2de Abdulgani (G\u00f6ksu).(Vedat G\u00fcldo\u011fan,\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r Tarihi<\/em>, Kripto, 2011, s 206<\/p>\n [19]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r, Mehmet Polatel,\u00a0Confiscation and Destrucrion<\/em>,\u00a0The Young Turk Seizure of Armenian Property<\/em>, Continuum, 2011, 149-150).<\/p>\n [20]<\/a>\u00a0Michel Bruneau,\u00a0K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, Etni-Milli Homojenle\u015ftirme, Diasporalar<\/em>, \u00e7ev. Ayhan G\u00fcne\u015f, \u0130leti\u015fim, 2018, s. 290.<\/p>\n [21]<\/a>\u00a0Daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz.,\u00a0Resimli Tarih Mecmuas\u0131,\u00a0<\/em>\u201cBir Canl\u0131 Tarih Konu\u015fuyor\u201d C. 4, Say\u0131: 43, Temmuz, 1953, s. 2444-2445. EK-1<\/p>\n [22]<\/a>\u00a0BOA, DH.EUM, 2. \u015eb. 68\/71, Re\u015fid\u2019ten Talat\u2019a 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1915.<\/p>\n [23]<\/a>\u00a0Rh\u00e9tor\u00e9,\u00a0Les chr\u00e9tiens aux b\u00e9tes\u00a0!<\/em>\u00a0Les \u00e9ditions cerf, 2005, s. 136<\/p>\n [24]<\/a>\u00a0Noel,\u00a0Diary of Major E. Noel,<\/em>\u00a0s. 11. \u00dcng\u00f6r, Bu say\u0131lar\u0131n Rh\u00e9thor\u00e9\u2019nin listesinin\u00a0 1. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019deki n\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131yla (Rh\u00e9thor\u00e9 listesinde toplam H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfus olarak olarak 175.670 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 verir) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Diyarbekir\u2019deki H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfusun % 87-95 ara\u00ads\u0131nda yok oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer. Ancak bu say\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Rum n\u00fcfus bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Binba\u015f\u0131 Noel\u2019in G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131s\u0131 sans\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n [25]<\/a>\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131rdaki Soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda katledilen H\u0131ristiyanlara dair bilgileri EK- 3 te verdi\u011fimiz 11 Haz\u00eer\u00e2n 1921 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0Huyodo\u00a0<\/em>gazetesinde \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0H\u0331<\/em>uyo\u1e0fo<\/em>, 1, no. 2 (11 Haz\u00eer\u00e2n 1921), 2-4.<\/p>\n [26]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r,\u00a0Modern T\u00fcrkiyenin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da Ulus, Devlet ve \u015eiddet (1913-1950)<\/em>, \u00e7ev Ali \u0130hsan Dalg\u0131\u00e7, \u0130leti\u015fim, 2016, s. 160-161.<\/p>\n [27]<\/a>\u00a0PAAA, RL4086, R\u00f6ssler\u2019den Bethmann-Hollweg\u2019e, 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1915, 2 numaral\u0131 ek. Memduh Bey\u2019in bir Ingiliz ve Rus\u2019u da \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaklad\u0131r. \u00dcng\u00f6r, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fc\u00adlen \u0130ngilizin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle misyoner Albert Atkinson oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Talat daha son\u00adra Re\u015fid\u2019e bu ki\u015filerin nerede oldu\u011funu sormu\u015ftur. BOA, DH.\u015eFR, 56\/238 Ta\u00adlat\u2019tan, Re\u015fid\u2019e, 30 Ekim 1915.<\/p>\n \u00abHalep\u2019te Tibi semtinde kay\u0131nbiraderi Fathallah Obegi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Obegi isimli bir kad\u0131n var; bu kad\u0131n kocas\u0131 Yorgi Obegi ve kay\u0131n\u0131 Nuri Obegi ile birlikte Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yordu. D\u00f6rt erkek karde\u015fi de oradayd\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da katliamlar yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra Nuri Obegi ailesiyle birlikte arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sakland\u0131. T\u00fcrk misafirperverli\u011finin Arap misafirperverli\u011fine benzeyip benzemedi\u011fi bilinmiyor, ama o zamandan beri ondan bir haber al\u0131namad\u0131. Hepsi Katolik Rum olan Yorgi Obegi, kar\u0131s\u0131, o\u011flu ve k\u0131z\u0131, kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt karde\u015fi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz Yorgi Obegi ve d\u00f6rt gen\u00e7, aynen Ermeni erkekleri gibi, kar\u0131lar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar ve ba\u015fka bir istikamete g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Kad\u0131n o zamandan beri kocas\u0131ndan ve karde\u015flerinden bir haber alamad\u0131. Yolda Bayan Obegi\u2019nin her iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck zahmetlerden sonra o\u011flunu yeniden buldu, ama sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da sadece Ermeniler yoktu. Di\u011fer din\u00ee cemaatlerin mensuplar\u0131 neredeler? Bu, Konsoloslu\u011fun oradaki temsilcisine sorulabilecek kolay bir soru. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da bulunan ve ismini vermek istemeyen H\u0131ristiyan bir Osmanl\u0131 Subay\u0131 bana bu \u015fehirde sadece tek bir Rum peder bulundu\u011funu anlatt\u0131; o nerede? \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u0131ristiyan subay bana oradaki polis komiserinin Gabriel ad\u0131nda bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi\u011fini anlatt\u0131. Onun tahminine g\u00f6re biri \u0130ngiliz, di\u011feri Rus olan, Atkinson ve Paskal adl\u0131 iki ki\u015fi de iki ay \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Polis komiseri ona, onlar\u0131 kendisinin \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015f\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n [28]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r,\u00a0Modern T\u00fcrkiyenin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/em>\u2026178-179.<\/p>\n [29]<\/a>\u00a0Wolfgang Gust,\u00a0Alman Belgeleri,Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 1915-16<\/em>, Alman D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi Ar\u015fiv Belgeleri, \u00e7ev Zekiye Hasan\u00e7ebi \u2013 A. Takcan, Belge 2012, s 429<\/p>\n [30]<\/a>\u00a012 Temmuz 1915, DH.\u015eFR., 54\/411, Taner Ak\u00e7am, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Yap\u0131sal Bir Unsuru Olarak Asimilasyon ve Zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015f(t\u0131r\u0131l)m\u0131\u015f Ermeniler Konferans Tebli\u011fleri, HDV yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u00a0 2013, s 142-<\/p>\n [31]<\/a>\u00a0BOA\/DH.\u015eFR, no. 54-A\/382 Dahiliye Nezareti \u0130AMM\u2019den 11 A\u011fustos 1915<\/p>\n [32]<\/a>\u00a0Erzurum s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kafilesinden birtak\u0131m zengin Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131, olays\u0131z ve \u201cyasal\u201d bir servet transferi i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla evlenmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ba\u015fka bir vakada ise polis, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fi yerden ka\u00e7arak Malatya\u2019ya ula\u015fmay\u0131 ve ABCFM hastanesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmay\u0131 ba\u015faran zengin bir Harputlu Ermeni kad\u0131n\u0131 yakalamak i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir \u00e7aba sarf etti. Asl\u0131nda polis kad\u0131n ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 fazla umursam\u0131yordu, ancak bu vakada kad\u0131n\u0131n komisyona verilmeyip yerel ileri gelenler taraf\u0131ndan el konulan m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc geri isteyebilme tehlikesi mevcuttu\u2026 Harputlu bir T\u00fcrk, haremine dahil etti\u011fi bir k\u0131za ait ve ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olan paray\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015finin arzusu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geri istiyor, hatta bu maksatla valiyi [Sabit Sa\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u011flu] devreye sokuyordu.\u00a0 Hans-Lukas Kieser,\u00a0Iskalanm\u0131\u015f Bar\u0131\u015f: Do\u011fu Vilayetlerinde Misyonerlik, Etnik Kimlik ve Devlet, 1839-1938,<\/em>\u00a0\u00e7ev. Atilla Dirim, \u0130leti\u015fim, 2005, s. 606-607<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [33]<\/a>\u00a023 Eyl\u00fcl 1931 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0Diyarbekir Gazetesi<\/em>\u00a0Hac\u0131 B\u00fczr\u00fck Mahallesinden Ahmet Cemil efendi o\u011flu \u0130hsan Efendinin 1200 liraya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fatih Pa\u015fa mahallesinin cirik f\u00fcrunu soka\u011f\u0131ndaki 31-6471 eski 53-37 yeni rakam\u0131 ba? Numaral\u0131 hanenin Mart 927 tarihli ve 40 numaral\u0131 Tapu Kaydile senedinde satan\u0131n ismi acamiyan istipan kerimesi Nevart ve beyinin ibraz olunan h\u00fcviyet c\u00fczdan\u0131nda ismi Fatma Zikiye olarak mukarrer oldu\u011fu ve isim isim muhaneyetinin kendisinin bilihtida Fatma Zikiye nam\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131ndan ileri geldi\u011fi n\u00fcfus idaresinden bildirilmesinden Tapu kay\u0131t ve senedinin tahsis olunaca\u011f\u0131ndan tashih isminden dolay\u0131 kendini mutezarr\u0131r ad edenlerin ilan tarihinden itibaren on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Tapu idaresine m\u00fcracaaat etmeleri veyahut taraflar\u0131ndan b?? Senet kefil g\u00f6ndermeleri ilan olunur.<\/p>\n [34]<\/a>\u00a0DH.\u015eFR 537-94, Bedri\u2019den Dahiliye Nezareti\u2019ne, Diyarbak\u0131r, 18 Kas\u0131m 1916, No. 1075; DH.\u015eFR 70-79, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019den Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetine, 23 Kas\u0131m 1916, \u0130AMM, \u0130sk\u00e2n \u015eubesi Umum\u00ee 1089.<\/p>\n [35]<\/a>\u00a0Hilmar Kaiser,\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Ermeni K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131<\/em>, \u00e7ev Ay\u015fem G\u00fcr, 2015, s 262-263<\/p>\n [36]<\/a>\u00a0El konulan mallar ile ilgil daha geni\u015f bil ve listeler, Sair \u00c7etino\u011flu, Diyarbak\u0131rda Ermeni Mallar\u0131n\u0131 Kim Ald\u0131\u00a0? Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u00c7evresi Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Tarihi Konferans\u0131, HDV yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2013, s368-406, Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu, Ergani\u2019de Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Ermeni Mallar\u0131n\u0131n Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131,\u00a0https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/41813127\/Erganide_soykirim_ve_Ermeni_mallarinin_paylasimi<\/a>\u00a0(7.09.2020)<\/p>\n [37]<\/a>\u00a0Raymond Kevorkian,\u00a0Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/em>, \u00c7ev. Ay\u015fe ta\u015fkent Ekmek\u00e7i, \u0130leti\u015fim, 2015, s. 512.<\/p>\n [38]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r, Mehmet Polatel, Confiscation and Destrucrion<\/em>\u2026 s 150-151<\/p>\n [39]<\/a>\u00a0Savur, Zeki Teoman Halkevi Ba\u015fkan\u0131,\u00a0 C.H.P. Halkevi yay\u0131n: 2 1944 s 6-7<\/p>\n [40]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r and Mehmet Polatel,\u00a0Confiscation and Destruction<\/em>\u2026 s 160<\/p>\n [41]<\/a>\u00a0Personal communication by Richard G. Hovannisian, Los Angeles, 18 April 2010. U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r and Mehmet Polatel,\u00a0Confiscation and Destruction<\/em>\u2026 s 164<\/p>\n [42]<\/a>\u00a0Yervant Tirpanciyan ile yap\u0131lan m\u00fclakat (\u00f6zel ar\u015fiv) Yervant Tirpanciyan m\u00fclakat\u0131nda, Veli Necdet\u2019in dedesinin \u0130talyan oldu\u011funu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nerek Veli ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n [43]<\/a>\u00a0Hilmar Kaiser,\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Ermeni K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131<\/em>\u2026 s 267<\/p>\n [44]<\/a>\u00a0U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00f6r and Mehmet Polatel,\u00a0Confiscation and Destruction<\/em>\u2026 s. 167.<\/p>\n [45]<\/a>\u00a0Hilmar Kaiser,\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Ermeni K\u0131y\u0131m\u0131<\/em>\u2026 s. 269.<\/p>\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.kuzgunportal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/sait-cetinoglu-200x300.jpg\")
Sava\u015ftaki saf tercihleriyle sava\u015fa bilin\u00e7li olarak kat\u0131larak imparatorluk i\u00e7indeki sorunlar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011funu \u00e7\u00f6\u00adzeceklerine inand\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru yay\u0131lma tahayy\u00fcllerini de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftireceklerini hesapl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, \u0130TC\u2019nin \u00f6nemli simas\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n \u00a0\u0130TC resmi yay\u0131n organ\u0131ndaki \u201cBekle\u00adnen G\u00fcn\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00a0makalesinde, \u00a0bu sevinci dile getirir.<\/p>\n\n