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T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin vahim olaylar\u0131ndan 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955, ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir olmak \u00fczere, gayrim\u00fcslim T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir \u015fiddet seferberli\u011fi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Bahar AKPINAR<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin vahim lin\u00e7 giri\u015fimlerinden 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131, 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir olmak \u00fczere, gayrim\u00fcslim T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir \u015fiddet seferberli\u011fidir. Olaylar Ankara, Bursa, Samsun, Adana ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019e de s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015f, ancak buralarda protesto g\u00f6sterileri \u015feklinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin DP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan planlanan, gizli servis ve partinin yerel te\u015fkilatlar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde, \u00f6\u011frenci ve gen\u00e7lik dernekleri, sendikalar ve \u2018K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti\u2019 gibi devlet\u00e7e y\u00f6nlendirilen \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin katk\u0131s\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu olaylarda, bir s\u00fcredir K\u0131br\u0131s sorunu \u00fczerinden k\u00f6p\u00fcrt\u00fclen ajitasyon i\u015fe yaram\u0131\u015f, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lan halk\u0131n bir yalan haberle provoke edilerek soka\u011fa d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u01311<\/sup>. Bu yalan haber Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Selanik\u2019teki evinin bombalanmas\u0131 ile ilgiliydi.<\/p>\n 5 Eyl\u00fcl gecesi Selanik\u2019te Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn evinin bulundu\u011fu bah\u00e7enin kenar\u0131nda bir ses bombas\u0131 patlat\u0131l\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n iddias\u0131na g\u00f6re olay T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fkonsoloslu\u011fu\u2019nun bah\u00e7esi olan olay mahalline bombay\u0131 getiren, patlatan ve buna azmettirenler hakk\u0131nda olay sonras\u0131nda Yunan makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan davalar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu ki\u015filer hapis cezalar\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Haberin \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131, \u015fekli ve yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc enteresand\u0131r. Sadece bir pencere cam\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olay, bombalanma olarak ge\u00e7ilir. Haber, 6 Eyl\u00fcl saat 13.00\u2019te Devlet Radyosu taraf\u0131ndan verilir2<\/sup>. Hemen ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul Ekspres Gazetesi, \u201cAtam\u0131z\u0131n Evi Bomba \u0130le Hasara U\u011frad\u0131\u201d man\u015fetiyle iki y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m bask\u0131 yapar. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6re, \u0130stanbul Ekspres\u2019in sahibi Mithat Perin ve Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u015fleri M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc G\u00f6k\u015fin Sipahio\u011flu, olaydan \u00f6nceden haberdar olduklar\u0131ndan ka\u011f\u0131t stoku bile yapm\u0131\u015f\u0327, g\u00fcnl\u00fck tiraj\u0131 30 bin civar\u0131nda olan gazete 6 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc 300 bin adet bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u01313<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Bu haberle ortal\u0131k kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin ki\u015fi, 6 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6\u011fleden sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6\u011frenci birlikleri ve K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine Taksim Meydan\u0131nda miting i\u00e7in toplan\u0131rlar. Mitingin ard\u0131ndan \u0130stiklal Caddesinde gayrim\u00fcslimlere ait i\u015f yerlerinin camlar\u0131 ta\u015flanmaya, d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar ya\u011fmalanmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Beyo\u011flu sokaklar\u0131 kuma\u015f toplar\u0131, cam k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 ve bilumum e\u015fya ile doludur. Kiliseler yak\u0131l\u0131p ya\u011fmalan\u0131yor ancak polis m\u00fcdahale etmiyor, itfaiye gelmiyordur.<\/p>\n 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e sarkan bu lin\u00e7 ve ya\u011fmalama Beyo\u011flu\u2019nun ard\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle Kurtulu\u015f, \u015ei\u015fli, Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131 gibi yak\u0131n semtlere, sonras\u0131nda Emin\u00f6n\u00fc, Fatih, Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y, Ye\u015filk\u00f6y, Ortak\u00f6y, Arnavutk\u00f6y, Bebek, Moda, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y, Kuzguncuk, \u00c7engelk\u00f6y ve Adalar\u2019a yay\u0131l\u0131r. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar organizedir. K\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar, \u00f6nderler ve tahrip\u00e7iler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan 20-30 ki\u015filik birlikler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Grup \u00f6nderleri, ellerinde \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f listelere bakarak tahrip edilecek yerleri g\u00f6sterip lin\u00e7i y\u00f6nlendirirler. Bu listelerin birka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6ncesinden mahalle muhtarlar\u0131ndan al\u0131narak haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131tlarda mevcuttur4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n G\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ifadeleri ya\u015fananlar\u0131n vahametini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer. O d\u00f6nemde Ak\u015fam Gazetesi\u2019nin Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u015fleri M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olan H\u0131fz\u0131 Topuz g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini deh\u015fetle anlat\u0131r. Haberi al\u0131r almaz gazeteci arkada\u015f\u0131 Haluk San ile Taksim\u2019e gittiklerini, b\u00fct\u00fcn yollar\u0131n t\u0131kal\u0131 ve ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u2018nereden geldikleri belli olmayan serserilerle\u2019 dolu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Korkun\u00e7 tabloyu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce San\u2019a \u201cBunun nas\u0131l alt\u0131ndan kalkaca\u011f\u0131z? Yar\u0131n Rumlar\u0131n, Ermenilerin, Yahudilerin nas\u0131l y\u00fczlerine bakaca\u011f\u0131z?\u201d der. O gece haberini yazd\u0131ktan hemen sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn gazete sahipleri ve genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmenleri ile birlikte vilayete \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Celal Bayar, Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bakanlar\u0131 ve Vali Fahrettin Kerim G\u00f6kay\u2019\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu salonda \u2018su\u00e7lu bas\u0131nd\u0131r\u2019 denir. Olaylarda kom\u00fcnistlerin parma\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bahsedilerek h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7evresinde birle\u015fmeye ve dayan\u0131\u015fmaya davet edilirler. Toplant\u0131y\u0131 anlatan Topuz o gece i\u00e7in, \u201cSalonda bir bask\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r havas\u0131 vard\u0131. Hi\u00e7 kimsenin s\u00f6z ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum\u201d diyecektir5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbullu Rum Mihalis Vassiliades\u2019in aktard\u0131klar\u0131 ise polisin olaylara yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Evlerinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Arnavut k\u00f6kenli Ortodoks bir T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen f\u0131r\u0131ndan bahseder. Ak\u015famlar\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131rken kalan \u00e7\u00f6rekleri kar\u015f\u0131daki karakola veren f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131, polislerle ahbapt\u0131r. O ak\u015fam f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n camlar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca korku ile karakola gitti\u011finde hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011fi bir cevap al\u0131r. Karakolda g\u00f6revli komiser, \u201cHi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapamam. Ben bug\u00fcn polis de\u011fil; T\u00fcrk\u00fcm\u201d diyecektir6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n D\u00f6nemin \u0130stanbul Trafik \u015eube M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Orhan Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu\u2019nun Yass\u0131ada\u2019da verdi\u011fi ifade de bir hayli ilgin\u00e7tir. Beyo\u011flu\u2019nda Zappion Rum K\u0131z Lisesinin camlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce emrinizdeki polis g\u00fcc\u00fc ile olay\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak biraz sonra Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Ethem Yetkiner\u2019in, \u201cOrhan Bey, bir cam i\u00e7in bu kadar \u015fiddet g\u00f6stermeyin\u201d dedi\u011fini belirtir. Yass\u0131ada\u2019da ifade veren baz\u0131 polis memurlar\u0131 olay\u0131n sadece cam, \u00e7er\u00e7eve k\u0131rma boyutunda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek o gece karakollar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerlerine kilitleyip d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. 6 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Sar\u0131yer Karakolunda g\u00f6revli polis memuru Hasan \u00c7olak, savc\u0131n\u0131n sorusu \u00fczerine \u201cSizin de pekiyi bildi\u011finiz gibi, o g\u00fcn, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve yang\u0131n olaylar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilere g\u00f6z yummak i\u00e7in emir alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u201d diye cevap verir7<\/sup>.<\/p>\n 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u2019nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da 4.214 ev, 1.004 i\u015fyeri, 73 kilise, bir sinagog, iki manast\u0131r, 26 okul ile aralar\u0131nda fabrika, otel gibi yerlerin bulundu\u011fu 5.317 tesis sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kaynaklara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6steren bilgilere g\u00f6re en az 11 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, en az 60 kad\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edilmi\u015fti8<\/sup>. \u0130zmir\u2019deki sald\u0131r\u0131larda 16 ev, alt\u0131 i\u015f yeri, bir kilise ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f, Fuar Yunan pavyonu ve Yunanistan Konsolosluk Binalar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, toplam 475.000 TL tutar\u0131nda hasar meydana gelmi\u015f, yedi ki\u015fi a\u011f\u0131r olmak \u00fczere 50 ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu olaylar gayrim\u00fcslim T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015f, kendilerinin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmediklerinin bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 1934\u2019te Trakya Yahudilerine yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, m\u00fclklerinin tahrip edilmesi ile \u00fclkeyi terk etmek durumunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar, ba\u015fta Rumlar olmak \u00fczere Ermeni ve Yahudilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131 ile \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u2014<\/p>\n