{"id":58511,"date":"2020-08-26T02:13:53","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T07:13:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511"},"modified":"2020-08-26T02:13:53","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T07:13:53","slug":"babili-bastan-yaratan-kral-nebuchadrezzar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511","title":{"rendered":"Babil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Yaren K\u0131rd\u00f6k<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto\u011frafta g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen k\u00fckreyen aslan, bir zamanlar II. Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019ndan uzanan, Babil\u2019in geni\u015f Alay Yolu\u2019na dizilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Louvre M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergileniyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Krall\u0131klar\u0131n fatihi ve Babil\u2019i yenileyen olarak, ard\u0131nda e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131. M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fdu, tam da Babil\u2019in yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi s\u0131rada iktidara geldi. Bu ivmeyi kullanarak Babil\u2019i yeni zirvelere \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, geriye ise Babil\u2019in g\u00fczel \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve ihti\u015faml\u0131 Alay Yolu\u2019nu b\u0131rakt\u0131. Yehuda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi ve Kud\u00fcs \u0130branilerini s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermesinin, Yahudili\u011fe ait kutsal -\u00e7o\u011fu Babil\u2019de olu\u015fturulan- metinler \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iz olduk\u00e7a derin. Fakat imparatorlu\u011fun Nebuchadrezzar\u2019dan sonraki \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00e7ok da uzun s\u00fcrmedi. Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 22 y\u0131l sonra Babil, Pers kral\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Kyros\u2019a yenik d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

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\u0130ncil\u2019de Nebukadnezar, k\u00f6t\u00fc r\u00fcyalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden rahata kavu\u015famaz; s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f bir Yahudi olan Daniel ise bu r\u00fcyalar\u0131 yorumlayabilecek kabiliyete sahiptir. \u201cCalabria \u015e\u00f6valyesi\u201d olarak da bilinen Mattia Preti\u2019nin 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait \u201cDaniel Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n R\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 Yorumluyor\u201d adl\u0131 ya\u011fl\u0131 boya tablosu, Daniel\u2019in krala r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131n anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131 betimler. C: BRIDGEMAN\/ACI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Babil Y\u00fckseliyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n, Yeni Babil (Keldani) \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kurucusu Nabopolassar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftu. Kaldea B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin valisi olan Nabopolassar, o zamana kadar gittik\u00e7e zay\u0131flayan Asur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Babil taht\u0131n\u0131 M\u00d6 625 civar\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

(Babil Kral\u0131 Hammurabi Kimdi?<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Nabopolassar, do\u011fuda Medler ile koalisyon kurdu ve sonraki on y\u0131l boyunca Asurlularla sava\u015ft\u0131. M\u00d6 612\u2019de, birlikte Asur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun o zamanki ba\u015fkenti Ninova\u2019y\u0131 talan ettiler ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirdiler. Babil uzun zamand\u0131r Asurlular\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u015fimdi y\u00fckselme zaman\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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1880-1890\u2019larda yap\u0131lan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n saray\u0131n\u0131n Babil\u2019deki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Keldanilerin, tarih sahnesindeki yerlerinden ne kadar gurur duyduklar\u0131 bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. Kentsel yenileme projeleri konusunda Babil\u2019in eski ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 baz alan II. Nebukadnezar, gelecekteki krallar i\u00e7in in\u015fa etti\u011fi harikalar\u0131 detayl\u0131ca g\u00f6steren kay\u0131tlar b\u0131rakt\u0131. Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Babil\u2019in tarihsel betimlemelerinden etkilenen 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l arkeologlar\u0131, \u015fehrin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in on y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 harcad\u0131. C: AKG\/ALBUM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u201cYeni Babil\u201d veya \u201cKeldani\u201d \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Nabopolassar\u2019\u0131n yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de zay\u0131flayan Asurlular\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki olan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u2019dan gelen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tehditlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. M\u00d6 609\u2019da meydana gelen Meggido Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra firavun II. Neko, daha sonralar\u0131 Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n hikayesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynayacak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Yehuda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

Nabopolassar\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r ve Asurlular, yeni imparatorlu\u011fu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla taciz etmeye devam ettiler. Nabopolassar\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu ve veliaht\u0131 olan Nebuchadrezzar, gen\u00e7 bir adam olarak orduya kat\u0131ld\u0131. Kaynaklar\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re, kariyerine onlu ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sonu ya da yirmili ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve M\u00d6 610 civar\u0131nda askeri y\u00f6netici oldu.<\/p>\n

(Biri Hari\u00e7 Antik D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 7 Harikas\u0131n\u0131n Nerede Oldu\u011funu Biliyoruz<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Nebuchadrezzar, komutanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckseldi. \u0130lk ba\u015flarda orduyu, babas\u0131yla birlikte y\u00f6netti fakat Nabopolassar Babil\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, Nebuchadrezzar orduyu tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u00d6 605\u2019te veliaht, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ve Asurlulardan geriye kalanlar\u0131 Karkam\u0131\u015f\u2019ta (Suriye) bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131. \u0130mparatorluk ad\u0131na g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Suriye ile Babil\u2019e d\u00f6nen Nebuchadrezzar, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi; \u00fc\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde Babil kral\u0131 ilan edildi.<\/p>\n

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II. Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n imparatorlu\u011funun Akdeniz\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p Dicle ve F\u0131rat aras\u0131ndaki vadilerden Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne kadar geni\u015flemesini g\u00f6steren bir harita. C: MERCHE HERN\u00c1NDEZ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Babil\u2019i Geli\u015ftirmek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Akadca\u2019da yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n ismi \u201cNabu\u00adkudurri\u00adusur\u201d, \u201cNabu (Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n bilgelik ve yaz\u0131 tanr\u0131s\u0131), varisime g\u00f6z kulak ol.\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Varis; yay\u0131lmac\u0131 bir politika izleyen, Babil\u2019in M\u00d6 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kral\u0131 I. Nebuchadrezzar\u2019a ithafen adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. II. Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n 44 y\u0131ll\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru imparatorluk, \u00e7ok fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; Filistin ve Suriye\u2019den ba\u015flayarak F\u0131rat ve Dicle\u2019nin bereketli vadilerini ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne kadar uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eehirler ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f, asilzadeler hapsedilmi\u015f, insanlar Babil\u2019e s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015fti. Miras\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kral; ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gelecek ku\u015faklar i\u00e7in, pi\u015fmi\u015f kilden yap\u0131lan silindirlere kaydetti. British M\u00fczesi\u2019nde tutulan silindirlerin birinden al\u0131nan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ibare, \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u201d\u0131 koruman\u0131n Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n omuzlar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131r bir sorumluluk y\u00fckledi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor:<\/p>\n

Uzak diyarlar\u0131, uzaklardaki da\u011flar\u0131, Yukar\u0131 Deniz\u2019den A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Deniz\u2019e, dik patikalar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131, hareket etmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri, tutunacak zemin olmayan yerleri, zor yollar\u0131, susuz yolculuklar\u0131, ge\u00e7tim, ve itaatsizli\u011fi devirdim; d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131 esir ald\u0131m, kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m topraklar\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirdim.<\/em><\/p>\n

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II. Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 yeni saray hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Akadca ibarelerle kapl\u0131 bu silidirik stel, gelecekteki krallar\u0131n onu ke\u015ffedece\u011fi umuduyla g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. C: ERICH LESSING\/ALBUM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ba\u011fl\u0131 devletler, Babil\u2019e y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fckl\u00fc miktarda hara\u00e7 \u00f6d\u00fcyor ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen hazineyi besliyorlard\u0131. Nebuchadrezzar bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, alt\u0131n, pahal\u0131 de\u011ferli ta\u015flar, bronz, palmiye kerestesi, sedir a\u011fac\u0131 ve de\u011ferli \u015feylerin her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fehrim Babil\u2019e getirdim.\u201d<\/p>\n

II. Nebuchadrezzar, \u015fartlar gere\u011fi sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olmu\u015ftu; fakat do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi de bir mimard\u0131. Ba\u011fl\u0131 devletlerden toplanan sermaye, kentsel \u0131slah\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Nebuchadrezzar, in\u015fa g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011funu Babil\u2019i eski ihti\u015fam\u0131na kavu\u015fturacak olan yenile\u015ftirmelere yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce Asurlularla yap\u0131lan ve y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren sava\u015f, M\u00d6 689\u2019da Babil\u2019in harap olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. II. Nebuchadrezzar ise ada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce Babil\u2019i Nippur gibi di\u011fer \u015fehirlere nazaran y\u00fccelten I. Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 izliyordu.<\/p>\n

(3700 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Tablete G\u00f6re Trigonometriyi Yunanlar De\u011fil Babilliler Buldu<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Nabopolassar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara devam eden kral; b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hendek, savunma duvarlar\u0131 ve kanallar in\u015fa etti. Tap\u0131naklar\u0131 ve ibadethaneleri yeniledi, Alay Yolu\u2019nu d\u00f6\u015fedi ve kendi efsanevi saray\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fczelle\u015ftirdi. H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, M\u00d6 575 civar\u0131, Babil\u2019in ikonik antik simgesini in\u015fa etti: kobalt ile kapl\u0131 tu\u011fla kabartmalarla bezenmi\u015f \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Muhte\u015fem \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131, kobalt mavisi ihti\u015fam\u0131yla Babil\u2019e gelen insanlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. C: Pergamon Museum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle iki Nebuchadrezzar da; Babil\u2019in koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131 Marduk\u2019u, Mezopotamya panteonundaki di\u011fer t\u00fcm tanr\u0131lara g\u00f6re, y\u00fcceltmi\u015fti. Kitabeler II. Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131; \u201cTanr\u0131 Marduk\u2019un g\u00f6zdesi\u201d, \u201ckainat\u0131n kral\u0131\u201d, \u201cufuktan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7bir d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olmayan\u201d gibi kavramlarla ve tanr\u0131, kral ve Babil \u015fehri aras\u0131nda azametli bir ba\u011f yaratmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onurland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Evet, tanr\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fctfu \u015fehir i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi; fakat bunun yan\u0131nda, daha d\u00fcnyevi bir kaynak olan \u201csu\u201d da Babil\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anahtar\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ncil\u2019in, \u0130brani tutsaklar\u0131n \u201cBabil sular\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda\u201d oturup a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan 137. mezmuru; Babil\u2019in sulama kanallar\u0131na, yani ekonomisinin ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn can damar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunuyor olabilir. Yaz\u0131tlar Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n kanal sistemini, Hercules kuvvetinde bir eme\u011fin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak tarif eder: \u201cBabil\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenledim. Denizin azametli dalgalar\u0131na benzeyen tahrip edici suyun b\u00fcy\u00fck sellerini dize getirip ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n

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M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait bu m\u00fch\u00fcr; Babil\u2019in koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131 Marduk ile yazma ve \u00f6\u011frenme tanr\u0131s\u0131 Nabu\u2019nun sembolleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde dua eden bir rahibi g\u00f6steriyor. Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n ismi \u201cNabu\u201dyu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. C: ERICH LESSING\/ALBUM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu sulama sistemi, Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc ve gizemli ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan birini beslemi\u015f olabilir: antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n harikalar\u0131ndan biri olan Babil\u2019in Asma Bah\u00e7eleri. Bu g\u00f6rkemli komplekse ait betimlemeler; be\u015f avlu, kral ve e\u015fleri i\u00e7in konutlar ve \u015fatafatl\u0131 bir taht odas\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131r. \u0130ddia edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re bah\u00e7eler, imparatorluktaki t\u00fcm a\u011fa\u00e7 ve bitki t\u00fcrlerini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Antik Yunan tarih\u00e7isi Herodotos, kompleksi, \u201cyery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u015fimdiye kadar in\u015fa edilmi\u015f en muhte\u015fem yap\u0131\u201d olarak tarif etmi\u015fti. Antik kaynaklar bah\u00e7elerin nerede yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili kesin bir bilgi sa\u011flam\u0131yor, arkeologlar da hen\u00fcz hi\u00e7bir kal\u0131nt\u0131ya ula\u015fabilmi\u015f de\u011fil; bu durum ak\u0131llarda \u201cb\u00f6yle bir kompleksin ger\u00e7ekten var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna dair soru i\u015faretleri uyand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Antik bir tabletin yeni terc\u00fcmesi, konunun temelini bin y\u0131ldan daha da geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek, Babillilerin trigonometride uzmanla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor olabilir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Ya\u015fam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131, sadece Babil\u2019i yeniledi\u011fi i\u00e7in de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda Yahudi-Hristiyan kutsal metinlerinde sahip oldu\u011fu yer nedeniyle de zamanda yank\u0131lan\u0131yor. Eski Ahit\u2019teki birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynuyor ve bu rol, Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 ile Yahudi halk\u0131n Babil \u015fehrine 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Asurlular\u0131n M\u00d6 605\u2019te Karkam\u0131\u015f\u2019ta bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Yehuda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kud\u00fcs \u015fehri, Babil y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na girdi. Di\u011fer ba\u011fl\u0131 devletler gibi Yehuda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 da art\u0131k Babil\u2019e vergi \u00f6demek zorundayd\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmelerden hi\u00e7 ho\u015fnut kalmayan Yehuda krallar\u0131 birka\u00e7 kez ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131 fakat Nebuchadrezzar, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve gaddar bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. Babil kuvvetleri Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc yak\u0131p y\u0131kt\u0131 ve S\u00fcleyman Mabedi\u2019ni yerle bir etti. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Yehudal\u0131lar yakaland\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilerek Babil\u2019e g\u00f6nderildiler; bu olay \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 zaman diliminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti: M\u00d6 597, 587 ve 582.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Asur kral\u0131 Sanherib\u2019in Ninova\u2019daki saray\u0131nda yer alan ve M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen bu ta\u015f r\u00f6lyefte, Keldani tutsaklar\u0131n Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irili\u015fi betimleniyor. C: UIG\/ALBUM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Antik Mezopotamya\u2019da bir \u015fehri fethettikten sonra yerle bir etmek, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f bir durumdu. Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce Asurlular Babil\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011finde, Babil de tam olarak ayn\u0131 kaderi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00d6 690\u2019da Keldaniler isyan etti\u011finde, Asur kral\u0131 Sanherib Babil\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131 ve isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131. Bu olaya dair bir kitabe \u015funu s\u00f6yler: \u201cG\u00f6mecek kimsesi olmayan insanlar\u0131n cesetleri Babil meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d Sanherib, hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faranlara \u00e7ok daha korkun\u00e7 bir ceza vermeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Babil\u2019in tap\u0131naklar\u0131 yok edilmi\u015f, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sular alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hatta \u015fehrin y\u00fczey topra\u011f\u0131 yok olmu\u015ftu. Kud\u00fcs Yahudileri gibi Keldani soylular\u0131 da Babil\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130ncil\u2019de peygamber Yeremya, bu Yehuda krallar\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131r; krallar\u0131n pagan ibadetlerine d\u00f6n\u00fclmesine m\u00fcsaade etmesinin Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 \u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler. Ya Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yollar\u0131na d\u00f6nmelidirler ya da Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n intikam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ze almal\u0131d\u0131rlar: \u201cTanr\u0131, kulu Babilli Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131, bu topraklara ve bu topraklarda ya\u015fayanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Babillileri getirmesi i\u00e7in kullanacak ve onlar\u0131 tamamen yok edecek.\u201d (Yeremya 25:9) Ancak Yehudal\u0131lar, Yeremya\u2019n\u0131n uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemezler ve Babillilerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frarlar.<\/p>\n

(Pers imparatoru B\u00fcy\u00fck Kyros Kimdi?<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Yeremya kurtuldu fakat hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran Yehudal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Babil\u2019e s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Evden kopar\u0131lman\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131, \u0130ncil\u2019in bu zaman dilimine atfedilen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7iyor ve \u0130ncil\u2019in en g\u00fczel pasajlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn alegorisinde peygamber Hezekiel, Nebuchadrezzar\u2019\u0131, \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck kanatlar\u0131 ve uzun, zengin renkli t\u00fcyleri ile azametli bir kartal\u201d olarak tasvir ediyor. Kartal-kral, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n; Yahudileri uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran ve onlar\u0131, \u201csulak alana dikilen bir s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct fidesi gibi geli\u015ftiren\u201d bir vas\u0131tas\u0131 olarak sunuluyor (Hezekiel 17:35). Yahudilerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bu olaylar\u0131n, dinsel ve ulusal kimliklerine derinlemesine etki etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130brani k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenlerin dini ya\u015fam\u0131 merkez alan bir topluluk kurdu\u011fu Babil\u2019de k\u00f6k sald\u0131 ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklendi. Daha sonralar\u0131 Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc yeniden in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmelerine izin verilse de Yahudilerin \u00e7o\u011fu Babil\u2019de kald\u0131. Babil\u2019deki topluluk, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca Yahudi inanc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir merkezi halindeydi. Yahudi dini hukuku ve teolojisinin temel metinlerinden biri olan Babil Talmud\u2019u, bu merkezde olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Babil\u2019e s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f Yahudilerin, II. Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131na inanmay\u0131 reddetmesini tasvir eden, M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir lahit kapa\u011f\u0131. C: RMN-GRAND PALAIS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Eski Ahit\u2019te yer alan Daniel Kitab\u0131, Nebukadnezar\u2019\u0131n Babil\u2019deki Yahudi tutsaklara kar\u015f\u0131 tavr\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan ve yukar\u0131daki r\u00f6lyefi betimleyen bir hikaye, Nebukadnezar Yahudi s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere bir puta tapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in emir verirken ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir mucizeyi anlat\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnler bu emre itaat etmeyi reddederler; buna k\u0131zan kral, reddenlerin, i\u00e7inde ate\u015f yanan bir oca\u011fa at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emreder fakat ate\u015fe at\u0131lanlar, burunlar\u0131 bile kanamadan ocaktan \u00e7\u0131karlar. \u015ea\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nen kral, onlar\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcyle yakla\u015fmaya karar verir.<\/p>\n

Nebuchadrezzar, M\u00d6 561\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine, son Keldani krallar\u0131ndan biri ve bir \u00e7ocuk kral olan Nabonidus taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen zay\u0131f, k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ge\u00e7ti. Bu hiddetli g\u00fc\u00e7 gasb\u0131na ra\u011fmen Nabonidus, siyasetle ilgilenmeyen bilgin bir insand\u0131; bu durum, taht\u0131na mal oldu. M\u00d6 539\u2019da Pers \u0130mparatoru B\u00fcy\u00fck Kyros, Babil\u2019in kanallar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u015fehre s\u0131zd\u0131 ve \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irdi. Perslerin uzun s\u00fcrecek olan h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131, Yahudi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc sona erdi ve hala antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri olarak kabul edilen Babil, yeni y\u00f6neticileriyle birlikte yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n

National Geographic. 4 Aral\u0131k 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/arkeofili.com\/babili-bastan-yaratan-kral-nebuchadrezzar\/<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaren K\u0131rd\u00f6k\u00a0 Foto\u011frafta g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen k\u00fckreyen aslan, bir zamanlar II. Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019ndan uzanan, Babil\u2019in geni\u015f Alay Yolu\u2019na dizilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Louvre M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergileniyor. Krall\u0131klar\u0131n fatihi ve Babil\u2019i yenileyen olarak, ard\u0131nda e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131. M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fdu, tam da Babil\u2019in yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi s\u0131rada iktidara geldi. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":58512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nBabil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Babil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yaren K\u0131rd\u00f6k\u00a0 Foto\u011frafta g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen k\u00fckreyen aslan, bir zamanlar II. Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019ndan uzanan, Babil\u2019in geni\u015f Alay Yolu\u2019na dizilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Louvre M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergileniyor. Krall\u0131klar\u0131n fatihi ve Babil\u2019i yenileyen olarak, ard\u0131nda e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131. M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fdu, tam da Babil\u2019in yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi s\u0131rada iktidara geldi. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Babil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Yaren K\u0131rd\u00f6k\u00a0 Foto\u011frafta g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlenen k\u00fckreyen aslan, bir zamanlar II. Nebukadnezar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen \u0130\u015ftar Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019ndan uzanan, Babil\u2019in geni\u015f Alay Yolu\u2019na dizilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Louvre M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergileniyor. Krall\u0131klar\u0131n fatihi ve Babil\u2019i yenileyen olarak, ard\u0131nda e\u015fi benzeri olmayan bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131. M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fdu, tam da Babil\u2019in yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi s\u0131rada iktidara geldi. […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2020-08-26T07:13:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":533,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/Babil.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Babil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar","datePublished":"2020-08-26T07:13:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511"},"wordCount":2556,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/Babil.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Makaleler","Tarih Sayfalar\u0131"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511","name":"Babil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/Babil.jpg","datePublished":"2020-08-26T07:13:53+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/Babil.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/Babil.jpg","width":800,"height":533},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=58511#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Babil\u2019i Ba\u015ftan Yaratan Kral: Nebuchadrezzar"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58511"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58513,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58511\/revisions\/58513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/58512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=58511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=58511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}