{"id":57971,"date":"2020-07-21T05:11:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T10:11:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=57971"},"modified":"2020-07-21T05:12:55","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T10:12:55","slug":"ayasofyadaki-ermeni-izleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=57971","title":{"rendered":"Ayasofya’daki Ermeni izleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sevan De\u011firmenciyan<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Ayasofya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli simalar\u0131ndan biri mabedin bug\u00fcne kadar sapasa\u011flam ayakta duran kubbesinin mimar\u0131 D\u0131rtad. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni mimarl\u0131k tarihinin en m\u00fcstesna temsilcilerinden olan D\u0131rtad, Ani Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fmimar\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Ani katedralini de in\u015fa etmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n cami olarak yeniden ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, tarihi mabedin a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetler hakk\u0131nda yazmaya ve konu\u015fmaya bir vesile olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00f6ylersem, belki beni naif olmakla su\u00e7layacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Hem\u015ferilerimizin Ayasofya\u2019y\u0131 ne derece tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck eseri her g\u00fcn g\u00f6rebilme \u015fans\u0131na sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini ne derece ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiklerini, \u015fu son g\u00fcnlerde tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz siyasi tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve konu\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131mda maalesef sanm\u0131yorum.
\nMabet; Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019nin merkezi ve Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti Konstantinopolis\u2019in ana katedrali olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 eski d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ruhani merkezlerinden biriydi hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz. Do\u011fu Hristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve onun en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri olan Ermenistan Kilisesi ve Ermeni halk\u0131, bu \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz mabette an\u0131s\u0131 bulunan, oradan gelip ge\u00e7en medeniyetlerden biri.
\nDo\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve do\u011fu kom\u015fusu Ermenistan aras\u0131ndaki siyasi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, toplumsal ve dini ili\u015fkilerin yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 Ayasofya \u00fczerinden okumak, irdelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Makedon Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcyesi olarak veya bu hanedanl\u0131k haricinde Ayasofya\u2019da kutsanarak Bizans taht\u0131na oturan Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 ihti\u015faml\u0131 imparatorlar (Ermeni V. Leon (813-820), Makedon veya Ermeni Hanedan\u0131 kurucusu I. Vasil (867-886) ve I. \u0130oannis \u00c7imiskes (969-976) gibi) Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n tarihini birbirine katm\u0131\u015f, bu siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birliktelik veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma co\u011frafyam\u0131zda ya\u015fayan di\u011fer halklar\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler Kap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>
\nErmeni tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir yeri var; tam olarak hangi kap\u0131 oldu\u011fu bug\u00fcn art\u0131k bilinmese de, mabedin giri\u015flerinden biri VI. yy.\u2019da Ermeniler Kap\u0131s\u0131 (\u0534\u0578\u0582\u057c\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0575\u0578\u0581) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.
\nK\u0131z\u0131l Vartan ad\u0131 ile bilinen Prens Vartan Mamigonyan (Vartanlar Sava\u015f\u0131 komutan\u0131 Vartan Mamigonyan\u2019\u0131n torunu, daha \u00e7ok K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Vartan Mamigonyan olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r), 572 tarihinde Sasani \u0130mparatoru I. H\u00fcsrev\u2019i (\u00c2dil En\u00fb\u015firv\u00e2n) yenip, Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan ve Alan \u00fclkesini \u0130ran boyunduru\u011fundan kurtar\u0131r ve Bizans hakimiyetine sokar. Bu zaferden sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli geli\u015fmeler neticesinde Vartan Bizans\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti \u0130stanbul\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r ve bir s\u00fcre burada kal\u0131r. \u0130mparator II. Justinus Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan birine Mamigonyan onuruna Ermeniler Kap\u0131s\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

\"Salzenberg'inSalzenberg’in \u00e7izimiyle Krikor Lusavori\u00e7, altta sa\u011fda<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n Kubbesi ve Mimar D\u0131rtad<\/strong>
\nHi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Ayasofya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli simalar\u0131ndan biri mabedin bug\u00fcne kadar sapasa\u011flam ayakta duran kubbesinin mimar\u0131 D\u0131rtad. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni mimarl\u0131k tarihinin en m\u00fcstesna temsilcilerinden olan D\u0131rtad, Ani Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fmimar\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Ani katedralini de in\u015fa etmi\u015fti. Katedralin in\u015fas\u0131 Kral II. S\u0131mpat\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131 nedeniyle durmu\u015ftu. O s\u0131rada, 25 Ekim 989 tarihinde ya\u015fanan deprem Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n kubbesinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f ve D\u0131rtad bu kubbenin in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Makedon Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fcyeleri gibi Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 olan II. Basileios (Vasil) Boulgaroktonos taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019a davet edilmi\u015fti.
\nKonstantinopolis deprem nedeniyle harabeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u015eehrin b\u00fcy\u00fck katedrali Ayasofya da \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Binan\u0131n bat\u0131 kanad\u0131n\u0131 tutan b\u00fcy\u00fck kemer tamamen \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f ve kubbe ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar sonunda katedralin bat\u0131 kanad\u0131n\u0131n ve kubbenin yeniden in\u015fa edilmesi gerekmekteydi. Basileios bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Ermenistan ba\u015fkenti Ani’deki b\u00fcy\u00fck katedralin mimar\u0131 D\u0131rtad’\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirdi. D\u0131rtad bat\u0131 kemerini ve kubbeyi 5 y\u0131l boyunca tamir edip yeniledi. Ayasofya 13 May\u0131s 994’te yeniden ibadete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ermenistan\u2019da bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte mimari eserler veya kubbeler yap\u0131lm\u0131yordu, fakat D\u0131rtad Ermeni mimarisinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte uygulanan tekniklerini ba\u015far\u0131yla kullan\u0131p Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n 1000 y\u0131ld\u0131r hala ayakta olan kubbesini in\u015fa etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve imzas\u0131n\u0131 bu \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz esere hi\u00e7 silinmemek \u00fczere atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"1930'larda1930’larda Ayasofya’da mozaikler \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriler restorasyondan bir kare<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Ayasofya\u2019daki Aziz Krikor Mozai\u011fi<\/strong>
\nErmenistan Kilisesi\u2019nin temelleri \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n iki havarisi Thaddeus ve Bartolomeos taraf\u0131ndan hen\u00fcz I. yy.\u2019da at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet dini olarak kabul etmesi 301 tarihinde, Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor Ermenistan Kilisesi\u2019nin ilk episkoposu kabul edilmi\u015f ve Evrensel Kilise\u2019nin azizlerinden biri olarak da kendisine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.
\n1840\u2019larda Fossati karde\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan mozaikler aras\u0131nda, aralar\u0131nda Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor\u2019un da bulundu\u011fu (\u201cErmenistan\u2019\u0131n Aziz Grigorius\u2019u\u201d) 14 kilise atas\u0131n\u0131n tam boy portresi vard\u0131. Mabedin kuzey ve g\u00fcney al\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131nda yedi\u015fer tane bulunan kilise atalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kayserili Parse\u011f, Nazianzal\u0131 Krikor, Demreli Nikola, \u0130skenderiyeli Kiril, \u0130oannes Hrisostomos da bulunmaktayd\u0131.
\nRestorasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda al\u00e7\u0131 ve badana alt\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f olan bu mozaiklerin \u00e7o\u011fu, maalesef bu restorasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda tahrip oldu ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmad\u0131. 1847’de hayatta kalan 14 kilise atas\u0131ndan sadece \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi 1930\u2019larda Bizans Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Fossati, mozaikleri s\u0131valam\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan bir ya\u011fl\u0131 boya tabakas\u0131 ile \u00f6rtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, fakat zaman i\u00e7inde bu ya\u011fl\u0131 boyal\u0131 y\u00fczeyin arkas\u0131 nemlendi ve alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131vaya n\u00fcfuz etti. Muhtemelen 1894 depreminde geni\u015f mozaik alanlar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve o tarihe kadar hayatta kalanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, aralar\u0131nda Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor\u2019un mozai\u011fi de olmak \u00fczere, geri gelmeyecek \u015fekilde kayboldu. Elimizde sadece Fossati ve Salzenberg\u2019in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7izimler var.
\nAyd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor\u2019un (Lusavori\u00e7) bu 14 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda ni\u00e7in bulundu\u011funa dair farkl\u0131 tezler mevcut. Bu tezlerden biri bu mozai\u011fin Ayasofya\u2019daki Ermeniler Kap\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6neminden, Bizans ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ittifak halinde bulunduklar\u0131 VI. yy\u2019dan kalm\u0131\u015f bir jest oldu\u011fu. Bir di\u011fer tez Makedon (Ermeni) Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu \u0130mparator Makedonyal\u0131 I. Vasil (867-886) ile ilgili. \u0130mparatorun, Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da resmi din olarak ilan eden III. D\u0131rtad\u2019\u0131n soyundan gelmesi efsanesi b\u00f6yle bir mozai\u011fin Ayasofya\u2019ya yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilirdi. Ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer kilise babalar\u0131 gibi, Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor da Do\u011fu Roma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Kapadokya\u2019da Hristiyan olmu\u015f, e\u011fitimini burada alm\u0131\u015f, episkopos takdis edilmi\u015f ve daha sonra Ermenistan\u2019a ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Bu tarihi ger\u00e7ek Bizans Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan Ermenistan Kilisesi \u00fczerinde tahakk\u00fcm olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in as\u0131rlar boyu kullan\u0131lan bir arg\u00fcman olmu\u015ftu. Bir di\u011fer tez ise Mimar D\u0131rtad\u2019\u0131n Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n kubbesini in\u015fa ettikten sonra Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor\u2019un bir mozai\u011fini bu b\u00fcy\u00fck mabet i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"FethiyeFethiye Camii, eski Pamakaristos Kilisesi\u2019nde bulunan Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor mozai\u011fi<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n

Di\u011fer kiliselerde Krikor Lusavori\u00e7<\/strong>
\nAyd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor Konstantinopolis\u2019de sadece Ayasofya\u2019da de\u011fil, ba\u015fka kiliselerde de vard\u0131. Bunlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bir mozaik Fatih \u00c7ar\u015famba\u2019da bulunan Teotokos Pamakaristos Kilisesi\u2019nde, yani Fethiye Camii\u2019nde mevcut ve mabedin m\u00fcze olarak kullan\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131nda halen g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Sultan II. Mehmet \u0130stanbul\u2019u ald\u0131ktan ve Ayasofya\u2019y\u0131 camiye \u00e7evirdikten sonra Ortodoks Patrikli\u011finin merkezi de olan bu kilisenin VII-XII. yy. aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edildi\u011fi kabul g\u00f6ren bir ger\u00e7ek.
\nHer hal\u00fckarda, tam bu d\u00f6nemde Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor ve di\u011fer kilise atalar\u0131n\u0131n Ortodoks Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel olarak an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Mesela Krikor\u2019un yortusu 30 Eyl\u00fcl tarihindeydi. \u201cErmenistan\u2019\u0131n Aziz Grigorius\u2019u\u201d mozai\u011finin o d\u00f6nemin ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ayasofya veya Do\u011fu Roma\u2019daki herhangi ba\u015fka bir kilisede bulunmas\u0131 pek \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildi. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan o zamanki ili\u015fkilerin bug\u00fcn art\u0131k tamamen yok edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 belki de.
\nBu ve di\u011fer kilise atalar\u0131n\u0131n mozaiklerinin bug\u00fcn art\u0131k olmamas\u0131 kesinlikle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131p, fakat \u201cErmenistan\u2019\u0131n Aziz Grigorius\u2019u\u201dnun bir zamanlar orada oldu\u011funu bilmek, bu mabet ve \u015fehirdeki Ermeni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n inkar edilemez bir ni\u015fanesi ayn\u0131 zamanda.
\nErmeni seyyah veya tarih\u00e7ilerin Ayasofya ile ilgili yaz\u0131 ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131yla devam etmek \u00fcmidi ile…<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/24325\/ayasofya-daki-ermeni-izleri\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sevan De\u011firmenciyan\u00a0 Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Ayasofya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli simalar\u0131ndan biri mabedin bug\u00fcne kadar sapasa\u011flam ayakta duran kubbesinin mimar\u0131 D\u0131rtad. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni mimarl\u0131k tarihinin en m\u00fcstesna temsilcilerinden olan D\u0131rtad, Ani Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fmimar\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Ani katedralini de in\u015fa etmi\u015fti. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n cami olarak yeniden ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, tarihi mabedin a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetler hakk\u0131nda yazmaya ve konu\u015fmaya bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":57972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-istanbul","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nAyasofya'daki Ermeni izleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=57971\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ayasofya'daki Ermeni izleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sevan De\u011firmenciyan\u00a0 Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Ayasofya tarihinin en \u00f6nemli simalar\u0131ndan biri mabedin bug\u00fcne kadar sapasa\u011flam ayakta duran kubbesinin mimar\u0131 D\u0131rtad. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni mimarl\u0131k tarihinin en m\u00fcstesna temsilcilerinden olan D\u0131rtad, Ani Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fmimar\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Ani katedralini de in\u015fa etmi\u015fti. 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