{"id":57031,"date":"2020-04-07T08:22:33","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T13:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=57031"},"modified":"2020-04-07T08:22:33","modified_gmt":"2020-04-07T13:22:33","slug":"feminizm-tarih-yazimi-ve-ermeni-feministler-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=57031","title":{"rendered":"Feminizm tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ve Ermeni feministler – I"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Alin Ozinian<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n

“Bir kad\u0131n olarak y\u00fcklendi\u011fim sorumluluklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ezilirken, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bana verilen haklar yok denecek kadar azd\u0131. Feminizmin \u201cbir adalet feryad\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funa iyiden iyiye inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.”<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Hayganu\u015f Mark, 1927<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de feminist tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre, bilin\u00e7li ya da bilin\u00e7siz, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin etkisi ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. Feminist tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi olan isimler g\u00f6rmezden gelindi.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemindeki ilk dalga feminizm, bir anlamda, Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki kad\u0131n hareketini g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezle\u015ftirmeye gayret etti, bu topraklarda feminizmin milad\u0131n\u0131 daha ge\u00e7 bir tarihe – Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funa \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

Kemalist iktidar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 yani kendi \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fi ile olan ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 koparma arzusu sebebi ile kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin k\u00f6kleri ve kahramanlar\u0131 da bir \u015fekilde karart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada y\u00fckselen fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 \u201c\u00fclkemiz demokratiktir\u201d mesaj\u0131n\u0131n verilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201ckad\u0131nlara ilk haklar\u0131n\u0131 biz verdik\u201d diyebilmek ku\u015fkusuz iktidar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemliydi, lakin seneler sonra bile o haklar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda verilen kamusal ve ki\u015fisel e\u015fitlik talepleri ile ili\u015fkilendirmemek tuhaft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son ve Cumhuriyetin ilk d\u00f6nemindeki kad\u0131n hareketinin bile\u015fenlerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Ermeni, Rum, \u00c7erkes, Arap, Yahudi, K\u00fcrt vb. kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, olduk\u00e7a \u00e7ok kimlikli bir hareket oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zleyebiliriz. Cemaatlerin kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in kurulan dernek ve vak\u0131flar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131, toplant\u0131lar\u0131, kendi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 dergileri ile olduk\u00e7a aktif bir m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indeydiler.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131n hareketlerinin bu \u00e7ok dilli ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sonra gelen ve kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131ndan 1980\u2019lere kadar devam eden kad\u0131n hareketleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tek dilli ve tek k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131n hareketine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kendilerini milliyet\u00e7ilikle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmeyenler, uza\u011f\u0131nda olanlar da konuda ezber bozmaktan, sorumluluk almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131lar. Sol g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, feminist m\u00fccadele gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc hareketler bile bu konuda zaman zaman t\u0131kand\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi\u2019nden sonra g\u00fc\u00e7len feminist hareket Kemalist olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan birinci dalga feminizme ve Kemalizm taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izilen \u201ckad\u0131n\u201d tasvirine tepki olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ikinci dalga feminizmi ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 feministler, Kemalizm\u2019in \u201ckad\u0131na verdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u201d tepeden inmecili\u011fini ele\u015ftirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131n hareketi \u00fczerine kafa yormaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar, i\u015fte tam bu noktada Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki kad\u0131n hareketi ve Ermeni feminist kad\u0131nlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu. 2000\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Ermeni feministler konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131, bu yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mda Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusunda sonunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin a\u015fabildi\u011fi e\u015fik de etkiliydi, sanki iki konu ve \u201cke\u015fif\u201d birbirini ve daha bir \u00e7ok konuyu besliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u201cHepimiz \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme hareketlerinin i\u00e7inde bir kimli\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirdi\u011fimizi iddia ederken, \u00f6teki kimlikleri g\u00f6rmezden geldik. Kad\u0131n kimli\u011fimizi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kimli\u011fimizle tarih yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 fark edemedik… Bu [yeni] ak\u0131m, iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015f. \u0130lk olarak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin resm\u00ee tarihine kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Aynen kad\u0131nlar gibi, Ermenilerin de Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin \u00f6zneleri oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011finin ve \u00f6tesinde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir duru\u015f…\u201d\u00a0diyen Yrd. Do\u00e7. Ba\u015fak Tu\u011f<\/a>, resm\u00ee tarihe alternatif yaratma iddias\u0131ndaki feminist tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiride bulunanlardan.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 1930 \u2013 1950 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan Kad\u0131n Haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesindeki yava\u015flaman\u0131n sebebinin, Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131 ile bu konu hakk\u0131nda gereklerin art\u0131k devlet eliyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikrinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Misal, 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kad\u0131n Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kuran Nezihe Muhiddin\u2019in sadece kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan bir parti ile mecliste yer almak, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n siyasi ve sosyal haklar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak arzusu ve m\u00fccadelesi, Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 kurulmakta oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7lu bulunmu\u015f olmas\u0131 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye iyi bir emsal olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 giri\u015fimi l\u00fczumsuz bulunup, \u201ckad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u011fitim ve hay\u0131r i\u015fleri ile ilgilenmelerinin kafi olaca\u011f\u0131\u201d fikri desteklenmi\u015f, Muhiddin partisinden ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f, hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131yla yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Me\u015frutiyet ile modernle\u015fme hareketinin i\u00e7indeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda m\u00fccadeleye daha da a\u015fkla devam etmelerinden daha do\u011fal bir \u015fey yoktur asl\u0131nda. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda kendini ilk feminist aktivist Ermeni kad\u0131n olarak tan\u0131mlayan Hayganu\u015f Mark\u2019\u0131n da m\u00fccadelesi takdire \u015fayand\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda, feminizmin bir \u201cadalet feryad\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen yazar ve yay\u0131nc\u0131 Hayganu\u015f Mark, T\u00fcrk Kad\u0131nlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nde verdi\u011fi bir konferansta, \u201ckad\u0131nlar\u0131n askerlik yapmamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve sava\u015fa gitmemeleri sebebi ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklerle e\u015fit olamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u201ciddia eden d\u00f6nemin Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na, \u201ckad\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren her konuyla me\u015fgul olmak\u201d amac\u0131yla kurulan Hay Gin (Ermeni Kad\u0131n\u0131, 1919-1933) dergisindeki yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile cevap verir.<\/p>\n

    Bas\u0131m\u0131 ard\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok yerde al\u0131nt\u0131lanan yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Mark \u201c… kad\u0131nla erke\u011fin e\u015fit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunun, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu ve konun art\u0131k sofraya getirilemeyecek kadar so\u011fumu\u015f bir yemek\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Bu ya\u015fananlar tarihin tozlu sayfalar\u0131ndan uzun s\u00fcre ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ramad\u0131lar, bize ula\u015famad\u0131lar. 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda bir grup \u00fcniversiteli gen\u00e7 Ermeni kad\u0131n, feminizm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ermeni kaynaklara y\u00f6neldiler; bu y\u00f6nelim sadece Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ba\u015f veren \u00e7ok dilli feminizm hareketini de\u011fil, Ermeni feminist kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da bize ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, 100 y\u0131ld\u0131r okunmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tekrar ses ve ruh bulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Bu kad\u0131nlar yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nce dernek faaliyetleri ile toplumla payla\u015ft\u0131lar, sonra tutkular\u0131n\u0131 akademik boyuta ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fle bug\u00fcn aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurdular; bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc sayesinde sadece biz ge\u00e7mi\u015fe gitmedik, Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hak m\u00fccadelesine tan\u0131k olmad\u0131k, sanki onlar bir daha do\u011fdular.<\/p>\n

    Aras Yay\u0131nlar\u0131’ndan 2006\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cBir Adalet Feryad\u0131 – Osmanl\u0131’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye Be\u015f Ermeni Feminist Yazar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 incelemesi bence bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn taa kendisiydi. Lerna Ekmek\u00e7io\u011flu ile Melissa Bilal ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 bahsetti\u011fim bu unutulmu\u015f sayfalar\u0131 bize tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran ve ufkumuzu a\u00e7an en \u00f6nemli akademisyenler oldular.<\/p>\n

    1980\u2019lerden itibaren geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan Osmanl\u0131\/T\u00fcrkiye kad\u0131n tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\/T\u00fcrkiye toplumuna mensup oldu\u011fu halde g\u00f6rmezden gelinen, hikayeleri anlat\u0131lmayan Ermeni Feministler konusunu bahsi ge\u00e7en kitapta da yay\u0131nlanan “Bir Yoklu\u011fun Anatomisi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde irdeleyen Lerna Ekmek\u00e7io\u011flu sessizle\u015ftirme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ermeni kad\u0131n hareketini yani farkl\u0131y\u0131 “\u00f6teki” g\u00f6ren ba\u011flamda \u00f6ncelikle Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dok\u00fcmantasyonun ar\u015fivlerde \u00f6telendi\u011fini anlat\u0131r. Ermeniler ait kaynaklar\u0131n \u201cdiasporala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d anlatan akademisyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131ndaki hatalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana gruba toplar:<\/p>\n

    1.Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131 terimlerinin \u00f6zde\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131: Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde farkl\u0131 milletlerden gelen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n benzer roller, sorumluluklar ve m\u00fccadeleler i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu halde sonraki y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk- M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmamalar\u0131 nedeni ile kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunan Ermeni, Rum ve di\u011fer kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kronolojik tespit sorunlar\u0131: Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6nemin ilk kad\u0131n romanc\u0131s\u0131, ilk kad\u0131n dergisi, ilk kad\u0131n derne\u011fi gibi tarihsel olgular\u0131 g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken sadece Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmalar\u0131, \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ge\u00e7erli dillerinden Ermence, Rumca, Arap\u00e7a dilini kullanan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ele al\u0131nmamas\u0131.<\/li>\n
    2. Anlat\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcndeki sorunlar: Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131s\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kad\u0131n\u0131n \u201cezilmi\u015f ve ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f olu\u015funun\u201d ancak Kemalizm sonras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 iddias\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Osmanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 alanlardaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme m\u00fccadelesi ve Ermeni feminist kad\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u00fccadeledeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc bizi anlatan, her sayfas\u0131nda onlar\u0131 ge\u00e7 ke\u015ffetmenin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bizi iten \u201cBir Adalet Feryad\u0131- Osmanl\u0131’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye Be\u015f Ermeni Feminist Yazar\u201d kitab\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ermeni kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini Anadolu, Balkanlar, Ortado\u011fu ve Kafkasya co\u011frafyas\u0131na yayan be\u015f \u00f6nc\u00fc aktivist yazar\u0131n (Elbis Gesaratsyan, S\u0131rpuhi D\u00fcsap, Zabel Asadur [Sibil], Zabel Yesayan, Hayganu\u015f Mark) hayat hikayelerini, hedeflerini ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rt\u0131rd\u0131 biz.<\/p>\n

      Kimdi bu kad\u0131nlar, ne talepleri vard\u0131, nas\u0131l bir d\u00fcnya tahayy\u00fcl ediyorlard\u0131, e\u015fitlik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giden yolda ne yapmaya haz\u0131rd\u0131lar? Sonraki yaz\u0131da.<\/p>\n

      8 Mart D\u00fcnya Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc Kutlu Olsun!\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

      https:\/\/ahvalnews-com.cdn.ampproject.org\/c\/s\/ahvalnews.com\/tr\/feminizm\/feminizm-tarih-yazimi-ve-ermeni-feministler-i?amp&fbclid=IwAR0Gd-dEUxIFEFEVchdcZu53p_IFvkowrsFty-QnoztOhXbBAYTNM4bSmNI<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Alin Ozinian “Bir kad\u0131n olarak y\u00fcklendi\u011fim sorumluluklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ezilirken, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bana verilen haklar yok denecek kadar azd\u0131. Feminizmin \u201cbir adalet feryad\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funa iyiden iyiye inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.”\u00a0Hayganu\u015f Mark, 1927 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de feminist tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre, bilin\u00e7li ya da bilin\u00e7siz, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin etkisi ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. Feminist tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi olan isimler g\u00f6rmezden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":57032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,70,20,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-unluler"],"yoast_head":"\nFeminizm tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ve Ermeni feministler - I - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=57031\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Feminizm tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ve Ermeni feministler - I - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alin Ozinian “Bir kad\u0131n olarak y\u00fcklendi\u011fim sorumluluklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda ezilirken, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bana verilen haklar yok denecek kadar azd\u0131. Feminizmin \u201cbir adalet feryad\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funa iyiden iyiye inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.”\u00a0Hayganu\u015f Mark, 1927 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de feminist tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre, bilin\u00e7li ya da bilin\u00e7siz, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin etkisi ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. 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