{"id":56971,"date":"2020-02-26T02:26:50","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T07:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56971"},"modified":"2020-02-26T02:26:50","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T07:26:50","slug":"lazlarin-yasadigi-mekan-gibi-lazca-da-ikiye-bolundu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56971","title":{"rendered":"“Lazlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n gibi Lazca da ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ferda Balancar<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siyaset bilimci \u00d6zlem \u015eendeniz\u2019in \u2018Kimdir Bu Lazlar?: Laz Kimli\u011fi ve Sanal Mek\u00e2nda Lazca\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u015eendeniz\u2019le kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, Laz kimli\u011fi ve Lazlarla Hem\u015finliler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilere uzanan bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131k. \u00d6zlem \u015eendeniz, I\u011fd\u0131r \u00dcniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kamuoyunda \u2018Bar\u0131\u015f Bildirisi\u2019 olarak bilinen \u2018Bu Su\u00e7a Ortak Olmayaca\u011f\u0131z\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bildirinin imzac\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 686 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile g\u00f6revinden ihra\u00e7 edildi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131ndan ba\u015flayal\u0131m\u2026 \u2018Kimdir Lazlar?\u2019 Laz kimli\u011fini nas\u0131l tan\u0131ml\u0131yorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn kitap \u2018Kimdir bu Lazlar?\u2019 sorusunu sorup iki nokta \u00fcst \u00fcste koyarak \u2018\u015fudur\u2019 cevab\u0131n\u0131 veremeyece\u011fimizi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ak\u0131\u015fkan kimliklerin oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7a\u011fday\u0131z. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131n y\u0131llara yay\u0131lan alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm anket ve m\u00fclakatlarda ben de defalarca \u2018Laz kime denir?\u2019 sorusunu sordum. \u2018Lazca dilini bilenler, babaannesi Lazca bilenler, annesi babas\u0131 Laz olanlar, Pazar-Sarp aras\u0131nda do\u011fanlar\u2019 gibi dil, co\u011frafi mek\u00e2n, soy ba\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6\u011felerinden birini ya da daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan cevaplar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m noktada Umut \u00d6zk\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, nesnel bir millet tan\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn giri\u015fimlerin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak keyfi oldu\u011funu kabul ediyor ve bireylerin beyan\u0131na g\u00fcvenmeyi se\u00e7iyorum. \u0130nternet ile ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni \u015fekilde sosyal medya olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z platformlar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fekillendiren \u00fc\u00e7 unsurdan birine, mek\u00e2na -di\u011ferleri insan\u0131n kendisi ve zamand\u0131r- paralel bir alan a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furdu. Sanal mek\u00e2n bireylere aidiyetlerini, belleklerini, dillerini perfome edecekleri yeni bir alan a\u00e7t\u0131. Kimlikler de bundan azade de\u011fil pek tabii. Bu durum bizi kat\u0131 bir tan\u0131mdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. S\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fim Lazlar\u0131n etnik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a gev\u015fek ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu.<\/p>\n

Kitapta da belirtti\u011finiz gibi, Lazca UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan \u2018tehlike alt\u0131ndaki diller\u2019 kategorisinde de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Sanal d\u00fcnyada Lazcan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131, Lazcan\u0131n gelece\u011fine dair bize ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?<\/strong>
\nSanal mek\u00e2n bir medium ve b\u00fct\u00fcn mediumlar gibi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren, b\u00fct\u00fcnleyen bir ara\u00e7. Sosyal medya kullan\u0131c\u0131lara interaktiflik, bireye i\u00e7erik \u00fcretimi gibi imkanlar sunuyor. B\u00f6ylece Lazca ile ilgili derdi olan, Laz k\u00fclt\u00fcr hareketlili\u011fi i\u00e7inde varl\u0131k g\u00f6steren insanlar i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a ucuz bir ileti\u015fim ve etkile\u015fim alan\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu. S\u00f6z gelimi, s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131m gelene\u011fine sahip Lazcan\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaz\u0131n\u0131n dilini kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Laz aktivistleri 1990\u2019lardan ba\u015flayarak 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n neredeyse ilk on y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca \u2018Peki hangi Lazca ile yazaca\u011f\u0131z?\u2019 sorusuyla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Zira otokton bir halk olarak y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyada vadiler boyu ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 dilde de farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar olmu\u015ftu. Yaz\u0131 dili i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi gibi bir Lazca aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ine girilmesi ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131 bu farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar. Ve sosyal medya bu aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirdi. \u0130rfan \u00c7a\u011fatay\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi bug\u00fcn art\u0131k bir \u2018Facebook Lazcas\u0131\u2019ndan s\u00f6z edebilecek durumday\u0131z. Geldi\u011fimiz noktada \u2018Arhavi Lazcas\u0131\u2019 ile ba\u015flayan bir ileti \u2018Arde\u015fen Lazcas\u0131\u2019 ile devam edip, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de selam vererek sonlanabiliyor.
\nSanal mek\u00e2n ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en b\u00fcy\u00fck devrim yay\u0131nlarda edit a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u2018Bunu neden yay\u0131nlayal\u0131m?\u2019 sorusu yerini \u2018Neden yay\u0131nlamayal\u0131m?\u2019 sorusunun almas\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6stermekte. Sosyal medya g\u00fcndelik hayatta Lazcay\u0131 kullanan bireylerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr hareketi i\u00e7inde yer almadan, onun nesnesi ya da \u00f6znesi olmadan, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde asl\u0131nda kamusal bir alan da olan sosyal medyada \u00fcretim yap\u0131labilmesine, ar\u015fiv olu\u015fturulabilmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik \u00fcretimlerin payla\u015f\u0131m ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011f\u0131ndaki geni\u015flemenin yans\u0131mas\u0131 da -m\u00fczik ve horon gibi di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok unsur ile birlikte- s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmekte olan Lazcan\u0131n gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerle\u015fmesine olumlu katk\u0131 yapt\u0131. Kamusal alanda, a\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fimli platformlarda farkl\u0131 Lazca i\u00e7eriklerinin \u00fcretilmesi, Lazca ile ilgili farkl\u0131 bilgi d\u00fczeyleri olan -bilen, bilmeyen, anl\u0131yorum ama konu\u015fam\u0131yorum diyen- bireyler taraf\u0131ndan bu i\u00e7eriklerin ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve dola\u015f\u0131mda tutulmas\u0131 umut verici bir durum.
\nG\u00fcrcistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Lazlarla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Lazlar aras\u0131nda ne t\u00fcr benzerlikler ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar var?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcrcistan ve Lazca konusunda dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli bir husus G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin ve G\u00fcrc\u00fccenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Lazca ve Megrelcenin; yani Lazlar\u0131n ve Megrellerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcney Kafkasya dil ailesinden olan Lazca ve Megrelce g\u00f6rece yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde birbirinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ciddi bir ayr\u0131m, bu noktadan sonra aralar\u0131nda benzerlik olmakla birlikte farkl\u0131 iki dilden s\u00f6z edebiliriz. Bunu bir kenara koydu\u011fumuzda G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Lazlar ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Lazlar aras\u0131nda dil temelli bir benzerli\u011fin h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. S\u0131n\u0131r ilk a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilk ge\u00e7i\u015fler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu benzerliklerin ileti\u015fimde \u00f6nemli bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bug\u00fcn de aktif olan s\u0131n\u0131r ve ge\u00e7i\u015flilik Lazcan\u0131n dilsel sermayesini olumlu y\u00f6nde etkiledi. Hatta G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelip \u00e7ay i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finde, ev i\u00e7i bak\u0131m hizmetlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Lazca bireylerin anla\u015fmakta kulland\u0131klar\u0131 dillerden biridir ki bu Lazcan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve dilsel sermayesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ivme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Din olgusu Laz kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinde ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkili oluyor?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nBenim ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri din, biri de g\u00f6\u00e7 belle\u011finin etkilerini bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya katman\u0131n zorluklar\u0131 nedeniyle \u201893 Harbi\u2019 (1877-78) sonras\u0131 Marmara b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Lazlar, di\u011feri ise T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan Lazlar\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131 olan di\u011fer dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve etnik gruplar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisiydi. Bu y\u00fczden sorunuza kitap ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir cevap vermem zor. S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kalan Lazlar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da ya\u015fan Lazlar H\u0131ristiyan olmu\u015ftur demek, do\u011fru olma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131makla birlikte, kolayc\u0131l\u0131k olur. Bu konuda elimde bir veri yok.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da ya\u015fanan asimilasyonun Lazlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edebilir miyiz?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nKesinlikle s\u00fcre\u00e7ler farkl\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgenin otokton halklar\u0131ndan olan Lazlar bir s\u0131n\u0131r ile ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc ve iki farkl\u0131 tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde modernle\u015fme deneyimi ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktadaki farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n en g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011fu alan da dildir. Zira Lazlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n gibi Lazca da ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Dil ya\u015fayan bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki Lazcan\u0131n i\u00e7ine G\u00fcrc\u00fcce ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Lazcan\u0131n i\u00e7ine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e girdi. S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n bu yakas\u0131nda kalan Lazlar T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi ile, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00f6te yakas\u0131nda kalanlar ise G\u00fcrc\u00fc kimli\u011fi ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131nda Lazlar b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi olumlu bir olguya \u00e7evirmi\u015f ve piyasa ekonomisine eklemlenmeyi h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek bir performans olarak \u2018makbul vatanda\u015f\u2019 kalmaktan memnun bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00fcndelik hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmeye koyulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Agos\u2019ta Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finlilik kimli\u011fiyle ilgili pek \u00e7ok yaz\u0131 ve r\u00f6portaj \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hem\u015finlilerle ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Lazlar i\u00e7in Hem\u015finli olmak ne ifade ediyor? Lazlar\u0131n Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finlilik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne ne t\u00fcr g\u00f6zlemleriniz var? Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Lazlar\u0131n kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131nda \u20181915\u2019 ne anlam ifade ediyor?<\/strong>
\nLazlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki makbul vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer etnik k\u00f6kenli gruplar\u0131n, Hem\u015finliler gibi, daha az makbul olmas\u0131ndan olumlu beslenir. \u00d6teki \u00fczerinden kurgulanan kimlikler insan\u0131n fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden hayat\u0131n\u0131 ikame etmesi ile ili\u015fkilidir. Birbirine y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r kom\u015fu olan Lazlar ve Hem\u015finliler bireysel bazda ayr\u0131ks\u0131, kendili\u011finden ili\u015fkiler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorlar elbette. Bug\u00fcn il\u00e7eler baz\u0131nda konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz ama asl\u0131nda vadiler baz\u0131nda ele alman\u0131n daha do\u011fru oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm co\u011frafyada, farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 Hem\u015finli alg\u0131s\u0131 ve kimliklerinden bahsedebiliriz. Ortakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yer streotiple\u015fme riskini g\u00f6ze alarak, Hem\u015finlilerin Lazlar\u0131 \u2018kibirli\u2019; Lazlar\u0131n Hem\u015finlileri \u2018kaba\u2019 bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ermeni kimli\u011fi, belle\u011fi ve Ermenistan alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00fclkenin genelinden \u00e7ok da farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Hopa d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Hem\u015fince dilini, Ermenice ve Hem\u015fince aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi bilenlerin hatta dilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 azd\u0131r asl\u0131nda. Toplum ge\u00e7mi\u015fe y\u00f6nelik bak\u0131\u015fta, unutma, hat\u0131rlama ve yeniden hat\u0131rlama edimlerinde ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki Ermeni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Ancak bellek araya zamansal mesafe almadan tam olarak se\u00e7ili unutma ve hat\u0131rlama deneyimlerini planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u015fletmez. S\u00f6z gelimi, F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131\u2019da bir deyim var halk aras\u0131nda. \u00c7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, herkesten \u00f6nce i\u015fi yapmaya koyulan kad\u0131nlara \u2018Ermeni gelini misin?\u2019 diye sorarlar. \u2018Ne acelen var birlikte birazdan yapar\u0131z\u2019 demek i\u00e7in dilden, k\u00fclt\u00fcrden \u00e7ekilip kullan\u0131l\u0131r bu deyim. B\u00f6ylece bug\u00fcn Ermenilerin ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n mu\u011flak tutuldu\u011fu bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n belle\u011finde \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve muhtemelen haneye gelin olan Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n izleri s\u0131z\u0131p gelmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

Kitapta yer yer Avrupa\u2019daki \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2019daki Laz varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyorsunuz. Bir Laz Diasporas\u0131\u2019ndan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong>
\nLaz diasporas\u0131 demek biraz c\u00fcretk\u00e2r olur. Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2019da ciddi bir Laz n\u00fcfusu oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenegeliyor. Laz k\u00fclt\u00fcr hareketi i\u00e7inde bir d\u00f6nem lokomotif g\u00f6revi de \u00fcstlenen bu kesim daha \u00e7ok siyaseten kendilerini sol kesimde tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar. Ve Almanya \u00f6zelinde siyasi nedenlerle g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f olan Lazlar\u0131n Lazca \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, alfabe kurgulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel \u00fcretim yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. D\u00f6nemsel olarak bunun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bir manada 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Laz k\u00fclt\u00fcr hareketi i\u00e7indeki k\u0131p\u0131rdanmalar sol tandans i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir diyebiliriz. Pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan o d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7indeki Laz k\u00fclt\u00fcr hareketini bu \u00fcretim beslemi\u015f, te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/23646\/lazlarin-yasadigi-mekn-gibi-lazca-da-ikiye-bolundu<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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