{"id":56657,"date":"2020-02-03T01:58:42","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T06:58:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56657"},"modified":"2020-02-03T01:58:42","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T06:58:42","slug":"dunyanin-ilk-romani-iddiasi-susanik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56657","title":{"rendered":"\u2018D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk roman\u0131\u2019 iddias\u0131: \u015eu\u015fanik"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

M.S. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130akob Tsurtaveli taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u201cilk roman\u201d iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201c\u015eu\u015fanik\u201d Othello Kitap etiketiyle yay\u0131mland\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir roman olan \u201c\u015eu\u015fanik\u201d, Krali\u00e7e \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve Azize \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme hik\u00e2yesini anlat\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Okan \u00c7il<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anlat\u0131yla kurdu\u011fumuz ili\u015fki epey eskiye, yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan da \u00f6teye dayan\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan destanlara, masallara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, hik\u00e2ye anlatma gelene\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fcleyicili\u011fine kap\u0131lmak i\u015ften bile de\u011fil. Bu gelenek pek tabii inan\u00e7 sistemleriyle, koca koca Tanr\u0131larla, isyank\u00e2r kahramanlarla ve k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerle \u00e7evrilidir ve hemen her d\u00f6nem kendini yenileyerek, \u00e7e\u015fitli varyantlarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

O zamandan bug\u00fcne y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f, y\u00fczlerce de\u011fi\u015fim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, y\u00fczlerce eser yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu eserlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131, tarihsel konumlar\u0131 itibariyle ayr\u0131yeten bahse de\u011ferdirler. Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n konusu olan \u015eu\u015fanik de b\u00f6ylesi eserlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

MS 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u0130akob Tsurtaveli (Rahip \u0130akob) taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan\u00a0\u015eu\u015fanik \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0130lk Roman\u0131\u201d<\/em>iddias\u0131yla ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda, Othello Kitap etiketiyle, Parna-Beka \u00c7ila\u015fvili\u2019nin \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131mland\u0131. Belirtmekte fayda var; T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce metin bir arada bas\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Y\u00dcZYILDAN B\u0130R ROMAN<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    G\u00fcrc\u00fc bir din adam\u0131 olan Rahip \u0130akob, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kartli b\u00f6lgesinin y\u00f6neticisi Prens Varsken\u2019in saray rahibidir. Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok bilgi sahibi olmamakla beraber, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaptan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla ki\u015fili\u011fine ve konumuna dair bir fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctebiliriz ancak.<\/p>\n

    \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in, \u00f6zg\u00fcn ismiyle Azize Krali\u00e7e \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in \u015eehadeti\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k 475-482 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Kitap her ne kadar 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan en erken el yazmas\u0131 11. y\u00fczy\u0131la aittir. G\u00fcrc\u00fcce ilk bask\u0131s\u0131 1882\u2019de yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda Rus\u00e7a, Frans\u0131zca, \u0130ngilizce, Almanca, \u0130spanyolca, Macarca, \u0130zlandaca yay\u0131mlan\u0131r ve 2019\u2019da T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye ilk defa \u00e7evrilir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130lgin\u00e7 olansa \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan, Ermenice bir kitap daha vard\u0131r. G\u00fcrc\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu kitab\u0131 varyant olarak kabul edip kendilerini merkeze koyarlarken, Ermeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aksini iddia etmektedirler. \u0130ki kitap ayn\u0131 hik\u00e2yeyi konu edinir ama farkl\u0131 metinlerdir asl\u0131nda. Ke\u015fke Ermeni varyant\u0131 da \u00e7evrilse, biz de bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulsak.<\/p>\n

    YED\u0130 YILDA YAZILDI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir roman olan\u00a0\u015eu\u015fanik,<\/em>\u00a0konusu itibariyle hagiografiktir. (Hagiografi: Hristiyan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin, azizlerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserler) Di\u011fer bir de\u011fi\u015fle Krali\u00e7e \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in, Azize \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme hik\u00e2yesidir.<\/p>\n

    G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kral Vahtang Gorgasal\u2019\u0131n (439-502) h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kartli b\u00f6lgesinin y\u00f6neticisiyse Prens Varsken\u2019dir. \u015eu\u015fanik de Prens Varsken\u2019in e\u015fidir. Roman, Prens Varsken\u2019in, d\u00f6nemin \u0130ran \u015eah\u0131 I. Firuz\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretle ba\u015flar. Varsken, Hristiyan bir aileden gelmesine ra\u011fmen, bu ziyaret sonucunda dinini reddederek Mazdek\u00e7ili\u011fi benimser. (Mazdek\u00e7ilik: Zerd\u00fc\u015ft din adam\u0131 Mazdek\u2019in felsefesi.) Varsken, e\u015fini ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 da I. Firuz\u2019a hizmetk\u00e2r yapaca\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6z vermesinin ard\u0131ndan gerisin geri A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kartli\u2019ye d\u00f6ner ve bu haber sarayda bir bomba etkisi yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Enteresand\u0131r; Rahip \u0130akob kitab\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, ilk paragrafta, \u201cDaha \u00f6nce yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi,\u201d diye ba\u015flar bir c\u00fcmleye. \u00c7ila\u015fvili\u2019nin de belirtti\u011fi gibi bu \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir. Yani g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan metnin tam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlar\u0131z. Bir de buna kitab\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki girizg\u00e2h eklenir. \u201cVe \u015fimdi size azize ve sevgili \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in \u015fehadete ermesini hakikate uygun bi\u00e7imde anlataca\u011f\u0131m.\u201d Bu c\u00fcmleden de anl\u0131yoruz ki evveliyat\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm daha mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

    Prens Varsken saraya gelince herkes f\u0131s\u0131r f\u0131s\u0131r konu\u015fur ama esas tepkiyi e\u015fi \u015eu\u015fanik g\u00f6sterir. Dinini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, atalar\u0131n\u0131 reddetti\u011fi i\u00e7in kocas\u0131na cephe al\u0131r, yetmez, saray\u0131 terk eder. Prensin dinine d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in dualar eder. Birtak\u0131m arabulucular onu saraya geri getirirler ama \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in i\u00e7i hi\u00e7 rahat de\u011fildir. Bekledi\u011fi gibi de olur, ya\u015fanan tart\u0131\u015fma sonras\u0131nda darp edilen \u015eu\u015fanik zindana kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcm bunlar olurken, \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in yan\u0131nda yer alan, zindanda onu gizli gizli ziyaret eden ki\u015fi de Rahip \u0130akob\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

    \u201cVe bek\u00e7i beni i\u00e7eri al\u0131nca, ayaklar\u0131na vurulmu\u015f prangayla bir gelin gibi g\u00fczelle\u015fmi\u015f ve \u0130sa\u2019ya kendini adam\u0131\u015f olan kuzuyu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in yedi y\u0131l kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zindan, belli bir zaman sonra ibadethaneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr onun i\u00e7in. S\u00fcrekli dua eder, oru\u00e7 tutar ve Tanr\u0131\u2019ya yakar\u0131r. Rahip \u0130akob onu her f\u0131rsatta teskin etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kitab\u0131 da yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede tamamlar.<\/p>\n

    Kral Vahtang Gorgasal da Prens Varsken\u2019i I. Firuz\u2019un hizmeti girdi\u011fi ve dinini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle 482\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    HANG\u0130 \u0130LK ROMAN?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnya tarihinde \u201cilk roman\u201d iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan birka\u00e7 kitap daha mevcut. Bunlardan en pop\u00fcler olan\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz roman esteti\u011finin bile \u00f6tesinde bir yere sahip: \u201c\u0130nebaht\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sakat\u0131\u201d lakab\u0131yla tarihimize ge\u00e7en Cervantes\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 La Mancha\u2019l\u0131 Yarat\u0131c\u0131 Asilzade\u00a0Don Quijote<\/em>. 1605\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan ve onlarca dile \u00e7evrilen bu muazzam kitab\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l Japon edebiyat\u0131ndan, Murasaki Shikibu\u2019nun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Genji\u2019nin Hik\u00e2yesi<\/em>\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Derken 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l G\u00fcrc\u00fc edebiyat\u0131ndan Rahip \u0130akop\u2019un \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019i, sonraysa 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l Antik Yunan\u2019dan Longos\u2019un Dafnis ve Hloi\u2019sini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e2l b\u00f6yle olunca, bu birbirinden \u00f6nemli kitaplar\u0131n hangisinin ilk oldu\u011funa dair net bir uzla\u015f\u0131 bulunmaz. Tarihsel \u00f6nemi ve estetik tercihleri sebebiyle hepsini okumak ve y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan seslere kulak kabartmak belki de en do\u011frusudur.<\/p>\n

    Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u015eu\u015fanik<\/em>, \u0130akob Tsurtaveli, \u00c7ev: Parna-Beka \u00c7ila\u015fvili, Syf: 80, Othello Kitap, 2019<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/kitap\/2020\/02\/03\/dunyanin-ilk-romani-iddiasi-susanik\/<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    M.S. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130akob Tsurtaveli taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u201cilk roman\u201d iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201c\u015eu\u015fanik\u201d Othello Kitap etiketiyle yay\u0131mland\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir roman olan \u201c\u015eu\u015fanik\u201d, Krali\u00e7e \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve Azize \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme hik\u00e2yesini anlat\u0131yor.\u00a0 Okan \u00c7il\u00a0 Anlat\u0131yla kurdu\u011fumuz ili\u015fki epey eskiye, yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan da \u00f6teye dayan\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan destanlara, masallara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, hik\u00e2ye anlatma gelene\u011finin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":56658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk roman\u0131\u2019 iddias\u0131: \u015eu\u015fanik - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56657\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk roman\u0131\u2019 iddias\u0131: \u015eu\u015fanik - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M.S. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130akob Tsurtaveli taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u201cilk roman\u201d iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201c\u015eu\u015fanik\u201d Othello Kitap etiketiyle yay\u0131mland\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir roman olan \u201c\u015eu\u015fanik\u201d, Krali\u00e7e \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019in \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve Azize \u015eu\u015fanik\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme hik\u00e2yesini anlat\u0131yor.\u00a0 Okan \u00c7il\u00a0 Anlat\u0131yla kurdu\u011fumuz ili\u015fki epey eskiye, yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan da \u00f6teye dayan\u0131r. 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