{"id":56448,"date":"2020-01-16T04:29:04","date_gmt":"2020-01-16T09:29:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56448"},"modified":"2020-01-16T04:29:04","modified_gmt":"2020-01-16T09:29:04","slug":"sait-cetinoglu-pontos-soykirimi-pontostaki-duzmece-istiklal-mahkemeleri-ve-yargilamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56448","title":{"rendered":"Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu: Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Pontos\u2019taki D\u00fczmece \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri ve Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin ar\u015fivleri halen a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu \u201cmahkemeler\u201d hakk\u0131nda bilgimiz neredeyse yok gibidir. Ancak baz\u0131 hat\u0131ratlarda; Ahmet Emin Yalman, Zekeriya Sertel, H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2026 gibi bu mahkemelerden ge\u00e7en ki\u015filerin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 kadar ve her d\u00f6nemin iktidar borazan\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131klar\u0131 su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 seri yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131r aralar\u0131n\u0131 okuyarak bilgi edinebiliyoruz. \u201cMahkeme\u201d hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lanlar da bu \u201cinfaz kurumlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik yay\u0131nlar oldu\u011fundan herhangi bir objektif karakteri de yoktur. Bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmamda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131, bu \u201cmahkeme\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel infaz kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Pontos b\u00f6lgesindeki faaliyetlerine odaklan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede Pontos ile ilgili yaz\u0131lar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve tarafl\u0131d\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 yaz\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda resmi ideolojinin \u00f6z\u00fcnsenmesini istedi\u011fi y\u00f6nde ve resmi ideolojinin propaganda br\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131mazlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00a0Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 1927\u2019de Nutuk\u2019ta anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen T\u00fcrk resm\u00ee tezi esas olarak 1922\u2019de Matbuat ve \u0130stihbarat Matbaas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015fPontus Meselesi adl\u0131 propaganda kitab\u0131ndaki tezlerin tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ibarettir<\/em>.[2]<\/a>\u00a01915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc olan Ebulhindili Cafer\u2019in o\u011flu Gn. At\u0131f Er\u00e7\u0131kan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcyle Genel Kurmay\u2019ca yay\u0131nlanan kitapta[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cPontus Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olamam\u0131\u015f, s\u0131ras\u0131 ile Sel\u00e7uklulara ve Mo\u011follara vergi \u00f6deyerek, daha sonra T\u00fcrkmen beylerine k\u0131z vermek suretiyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d gibi gayri ciddi bilgilerle ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta her Osmanl\u0131 unsuru gibi Pontos\u2019lular da Me\u015frutiyete olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem atfetmi\u015fler ve \u015fu anda Samsun Arkeoloji m\u00fczesinde bulunan, Me\u015frutiyete olan umutlar\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k idealine ve anayasaya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden an\u0131t\u0131\u00a0Anayasa Meydan\u0131<\/em>\u00a0ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri yere dikmi\u015flerdir-bu g\u00fcn bu meydan \u00fczerinde Kaz\u0131m Pa\u015fa \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretm Okulu Y\u00fckselmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k fikri me\u015frutiyete olan umutlar\u0131n t\u00fckeni\u015fi ve T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmenin dolu dizgin yol al\u0131p Soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte filizlenmi\u015ftir. Temmuz 1908\u2019de dikilen ve Anayasaya sayg\u0131y\u0131 ifaden An\u0131t\u2019\u0131n kaidesinde \u015fu ifadelere yer verilmi\u015ftir:\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>SULTAN ABD\u00dcL HAM\u0130T II\u00a0\u00a0 HAN G\u00dcNLER\u0130NDE\u00a0 ANAYASANIN \u0130LANI HATIRASINA 1908\u00a0\u00a0TEMMUZ.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131cas\u0131nda ise:<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kanun-\u0131 Esasi Meydan\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ruh\u00fc\u2019l-akvam-\u0131 evvel \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 \u0130lan-\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>saadetin hat\u0131ras\u0131d\u0131r \u2026\u2026 sene 1324<\/strong>\u00a0[1908]\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Samsun\u2019da Anayasa Meydan\u0131nda, Pontoslular taraf\u0131ndan dikilen Anayasaya Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k an\u0131t\u0131 bug\u00fcn yerinden s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Samsun m\u00fczesinde bir k\u00f6\u015feye at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Vlasis A\u011fcidis, olaylar\u0131 ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetler: \u201cO devirde olanlar\u0131n sebebi, Selanik\u2019te 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyetinin Selanik kongresinde Anadolu\u2019nun homojelendirilemesi i\u00e7in tasarlanan, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun Hristiyan\u00a0halklar\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmesi veya asimile edilmesi\u00a0 program\u0131 idi[4]<\/a>. O zamana kadar Anadolulu Rumlar Osmanl\u0131 reformlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ve \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n\u0131n ortak Osmanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne destek vermi\u015flerdi. Demokratik olan bu d\u00fc\u015f, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 merkezine alarak, halklara kar\u015f\u0131 olan dinsel ve etnik ayr\u0131m bask\u0131lar\u0131na son veriyordu. Fakat Tanzimat ile ba\u015flayan bu d\u00fc\u015f,\u00a0 bir Osmanl\u0131 perestroykas\u0131 olarak, milliyet\u00e7ilik taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015flanarak \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ve etnik yap\u0131l\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 toplumunun mahv\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman s\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u00a0Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBen de yazd\u0131m. Milli m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015f\u00bb\u00a0adl\u0131\u00a0kitab\u0131nda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Rumlar\u0131n\u0131 E\u015fref Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131\u2019na at\u0131fen\u00a0\u2018v\u00fccuttaki t\u00fcm\u00f6rler\u2019 veya \u2018dahili t\u00fcm\u00f6rler\u2019<\/em>olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlad\u0131.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Pontos\u2019ta 1.Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygulanan bask\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve katliamlar sava\u015f sonras\u0131ndaki \u00a0m\u00fctarekede de yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. M\u00fctareke Pontoslular a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik getirmemi\u015ftir. S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda da devam eder. B\u00f6lgede Topal Osman \u00e7etesi taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan sistemli bir \u015fiddet s\u00f6zkonusudur.[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cBu konu hakk\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131lar ad\u0131na gayr\u0131resmi bir \u015fekilde 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlan 1922 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Ankara\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden Julian Gillespie, Amiral Bristiol\u2019e Ankara\u2019dan g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 10 Ocak 1922 tarihli mektubunda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti yetkililerinin zaman zaman Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n adamlar\u0131n\u0131n denetimden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu \u00e7etecileri kontrol alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f vermekte oldu\u011funu kendisine anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[7]<\/a>\u00a0Tabii ki bu s\u00f6zler Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n eylemlerinden do\u011fan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131dan kurtulmak i\u00e7in o an s\u00f6ylenen\u00a0diplomatik<\/em>\u00a0bir yalandan ibarettir. Bu konuda devletin resmi tarih kurumu nun (TTK) yani devletin\u00a0 resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de ilgin\u00e7tir; Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n eylemleri Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin politikas\u0131nd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fildir: \u201cOsman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131 ile Ko\u00e7giri ve Pontus isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda oynad\u0131klar\u0131 rol ve zaman zaman uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 sert y\u00f6ntemler ne \u2018Osman A\u011fa Ankara\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket ediyordu\u2019 ile ne de \u2018Osman A\u011fa Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimatlarla hareket ediyordu\u2019 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Bu mesele, bu iki u\u00e7 iddian\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bir yerlerdedir.\u201d[8]<\/a>\u00a0Osman A\u011fa, daha sonra b\u00f6lgeye 46. Alay komutan\u0131 olarak daha donan\u0131ml\u0131 gelecek. Sonras\u0131nda Muhaf\u0131z Alay komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar y\u00fckselmesi de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n eylemlerinin Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin onay\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

1919 Paris Bar\u0131\u015f konferans\u0131na sunulan bir deklarasyonda Pontos b\u00f6lgesindeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u00a0 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade edilmi\u015ftir: \u201cM\u00fctarekeden beri, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin garantisine ra\u011fmen, Kara\u00addeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda zul\u00fcm ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar devam etmektedir. \u0130sl\u00e2m halk si\u00adlahland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor, H\u0131ristiyanlar ise, silahs\u0131zd\u0131r. M\u00fctarekeden sonra, yaln\u0131z k\u0131y\u0131 kasabalar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenirlik iade edilmi\u015ftir. Cinayetlerinin cezas\u0131z kald\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren T\u00fcrkler, yeniden soygunculuk ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcvensizlik k\u0131y\u0131 \u015fehirlerine de s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her tarafta T\u00fcrk mill\u00ee \u00e7eteleri kuruluyor. Harpten \u00d6nce ve harp i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ka\u00e7an Rumlar, bu y\u00fczden eski yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nemediler, tekrarRusya\u2019ya gitme\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bol\u015fevik ihtil\u00e2lini ve onun idaresini T\u00fcrk k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na ye\u011f tut\u00admu\u015flard\u0131r, yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bekliyoruz\u201d.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal 24 Nisan 1920\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinde s\u00f6yledi\u011fi uzun nutkunda Pontos sorununa de\u011finerek, \u201cRumlar\u0131n egemenlisini, \u0130sl\u00e2m unsurunun k\u00f6leli\u011fini g\u00f6zeten, Atina ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki ko-mitelei taraf\u0131ndan idare edilen Pontus devleti te\u015fkili fikri, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lariyle, k\u0131smen Amasya ve Tokat\u2019n kuzey il\u00e7elerinde ya\u015fay\u0131p Osmanl\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 hayalhanelerini \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca b\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d belirttikten sonra, \u201cAnadolu\u2019nun ortas\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmeye memur kuvvetlerin b\u00fcy\u00fccek bir komuta alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ederek Sakall\u0131 Nurettin Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Merkez Ordusu\u2019nun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 karala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Giresun\u2019da kurulan ve fahr\u00ee komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0 (Topal)[10]<\/a>\u00a0atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 47 nci Piyade Alay\u0131 da sonradan Merkez Ordusu kurulu\u015funa al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu Alay 16 Nisan 1921\u2019de \u00dcmit vapuru ile Samsun\u2019a intikal etmi\u015f ve orada 15 nci T\u00fcmen deposundan yeniden silahland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Alay ile birlikte d\u00f6rt toplu bir batarya da Samsun\u2019a getirilir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Pontos[11]<\/a>\u00a0fikri olmakla birlikte Bat\u0131 Pontos b\u00f6lgesindeki direni\u015fler \u00f6z savunma \u00a0organizasyonlar\u0131d\u0131rlar.\u00a0 Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeleye d\u00f6nebilen k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin g\u00fcvenliklerinin\u00a0 korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak bir ayaya gelmi\u015flerdir. Bask\u0131 y\u00fckselip sistematik hale geldi\u011finde bu gruplarda da organize olup bir komuta alt\u0131nda birle\u015fip kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131r.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Merkez Ordusu kumandan\u0131 Sakall\u0131 Nurettin derhal icraatlar\u0131na ba\u015flar: \u201c\u0130stanbullu ve \u0130zmirli papazlar, halk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zehirledik\u00adlerinden bunlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, 9 \u015fubat 1921 tarihinde Bakanlar Kurulu Kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Samsun Metropolit Vekili Eftimos, Ba\u015frahip Platon Metnoz da bu arada \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesine sevk edildiler.3 \u015eubat 1921 tarihinde Merkez Ordusu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mah\u00adkemesince al\u0131nan ortak bir kararla,\u00a0Pontuscukla<\/em>\u00a0ilgilenenlerin tutukla\u00adnarak haklar\u0131nda kovu\u015fturma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi. Bu arada Merzifon\u2019\u00addaki Amerikan Koleji asker\u00ee makamlarca bas\u0131ld\u0131, Amerikan e\u011fitim ku\u00adrulu memleketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d[13]<\/a>\u00a0Bu tedbir Hariciye vekili Ahmet Muhtar taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da Amerikan Temsilcisi Amiral Bristol\u2019a bildirilir.[14]<\/a>\u00a0Do\u011fald\u0131r ki Bristol\u2019dan ses \u00e7\u0131kmaz.<\/p>\n

Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131 Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Sezai\u2019nin 31 Mart 1921 tarihindeki \u00a0\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fcce Makam\u0131na ibareli \u00a0287 say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0 Gizli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bu tutuklamalara ili\u015fkin bilgi verilir:<\/em><\/p>\n

30 Mart 1921 tarih ve \u2013 numaral\u0131 \u015fifreye ektir. Soru\u015fturma evraktan ile 19.2.1921 tarihli ve 206 numaral\u0131 ben acizlerinin yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile Amasya\u2019da \u0130stik\u00adl\u00e2l Mahkemesine sevk edilmi\u015f olan Rum \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden Pandeli ve Elomis, Kozme, reji memurlar\u0131ndan \u00c7olak Yakof, metrepolithane katibi Kosti, Terziba\u015f\u0131 o\u011flu Kostantin, tahsildar Arslano\u011flu \u0130stavri, Yanko o\u011flu Dimitri ad\u00adl\u0131 \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n idare ettikleri Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Rum Gen\u00e7leri \u0130dman Kl\u00fcb\u00fc unvanl\u0131 derne\u011fin \u2026 bug\u00fcn Amasya\u2019da tutuklu bulunan ad\u0131ge\u00e7enler haklar\u0131nda ona g\u00f6re soru\u015fturman\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi ve derinle\u015ftirilmesi ve metrepolit vekili Eftimos\u2019tan da a\u00e7\u0131klama istenilmesi hususunun gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclenlere emir edilip bildirilme\u00adsi Merkez Ordusu Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yaz\u0131 ile bildirilmi\u015f olmakla bilgi olarak arz olunur.<\/em>[15]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Polis m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Tevfik Hadi [Baysal] taraf\u0131ndan Canik mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen 22.11.1921 tarhli yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan dava dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Polis taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: \u2026\u00a0Samsun\u2019un Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019\u00fcnde Papas o\u011flu Todor\u2019un evinde silah gizlendi\u011fi haber al\u0131nmakla usulen yap\u0131lan ara\u00admada evrak aras\u0131nda Pontus m\u00fch\u00fcr ve armas\u0131 mevcut ve elde edilen bir para makbuzunun incelenmesinde Ate\u015fkesten sonra Rum okulu \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden Pandeli Valolis\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7olak o\u011flu Yakof, metrepolithane k\u00e2tibi \u015eeref o\u011flu Kostt, Kaba \u0130kolonos, Murat o\u011flu Ka\u00adya Adakoydis, \u0130konomidis, Mum Boyac\u0131 o\u011flu, Sllvos o\u011flu Yuvani, Ber\u00adber o\u011flu Dimitri, Yorgoda Kostitos, Kompomidi Hambo, Yuri Katros, Kosti Royanaki Lefteryadi\u2019nin \u00fcye s\u0131fat\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 217 ki\u015filik, g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte jimnastik, \u00e7alg\u0131, tiyatro ve sosyal \u015fubelerden olu\u015fan Rum Gen\u00e7leri \u0130dman Kl\u00fcb\u00fc unvan\u0131yla izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n kendiliklerinden bir dernek kurulmas\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok paralar toplad\u0131klar\u0131 ve makbuzunun Rum\u00adlardan toplan\u0131lan para makbuzu oldu\u011fu \u2026Samsun Rum g\u00f6\u00e7menler komisyonundan \u0130s\u00adtanbul\u2019da Patrikhanede Rum g\u00f6\u00e7men komisyonuna para toplanmas\u0131\u00adna dair yaz\u0131l\u0131p sans\u00fcrce al\u0131konulan mektupta yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar metrepolithanede arama ve soru\u015fturma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Pontus cemiyeti te\u015f\u00adkil\u00e2t\u0131na ait evrak\u0131n elde edilece\u011fi inanc\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmekle durum arz olundu\u011funda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1 \u015eubat 1921 tarih ve 1146-424 nu\u00admaral\u0131 \u015fifre telgrafnamesinde Rum g\u00f6\u00e7men komisyonunu te\u015fkil eden \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131 arama ve soru\u015fturma yaparak ve evrak ve belgeleriyle \u0130stikl\u00e2l Malikanesine g\u00f6nderilmeleri emir edilip bildirilmekle metrepolithanede arama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Metrepolithanenin aranma\u00ads\u0131nda elde edilip 24 par\u00e7a zarf i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu halde \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahke\u00admesine g\u00f6nderilen ili\u015fik listede yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan di\u011fer evrak ve belgeler ile 3 tak\u0131m soru\u015fturma evrak\u0131 17.5.1921 tarih ve 524 numaral\u0131 yaz\u0131 ile arz olundu\u011funda Pontus te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n Samsun merkezi ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer faal \u00fcyeleri ile birlikte Amasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve Pontus te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n Samsun \u015fehir merkezi ile buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olan yerlerden daha sonra Amas\u00adya taraf\u0131ndan getirtilen deliller ve di\u011fer ki\u015filer ile yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 ya\u00adp\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kanun\u00ee gereklerinin yerine getirildi\u011fi, as\u0131llar\u0131 di\u011fer teferru\u00adat\u0131yla \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesine sevk edilen t\u00fcz\u00fcklerinin bir sureti ile Samsun Pontus Merkezi ad\u0131na al\u0131nan ve Samsun merkezinden sarf edilen paralar\u0131n elde edilen miktar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kay\u0131t ve bilgilerin ve yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birisinin birer suretinin ili\u015fik olarak takdim k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 arz olunur efendim.<\/em>[16]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Pontos\u2019ta\u00a0 Merkez Ordusu ve yede\u011fi Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan askeri operasyonlar s\u00fcrerken tuklananlar da te\u015fkil edilen \u201cMahkeme\u201d\u00a0 \u00f6n\u00fcndedirler. \u201cBir taraftan asker\u00ee hareketler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekle beraber di\u011fer taraftan da Pontus te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirmi\u015f ve bunca mezalim ve facialara sebe\u00adbiyet vermi\u015f olan \u015fah\u0131slar hakk\u0131nda kanun\u00ee kovu\u015fturmaya giri\u015filmi\u015f ve yakalananlar-Amasya\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00fcyelerinden olu\u00ad\u015fan Samsun B\u00f6lgesi \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve emanet olun\u00admu\u015flard\u0131r.1921 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustosunda i\u015fe ba\u015flayan ad\u0131ge\u00e7en mahkeme[17]<\/a>\u00a0de\u011fi\u015fik tarih\u00adlerde Merzifon, Samsun, Trabzon, Giresun, \u00dcnye, Ordu ve di\u011fer yerler Pontuscular\u0131na ait yarg\u0131lamalar ile u\u011fra\u015farak zanl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda hak ve adaletin gereklerini yerine getirmi\u015flerdir. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesinin Pontuscular hakk\u0131nda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlardan bir tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gerektirici se\u00adbepler k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bilginize sunuyoruz.\u201d\u00a0[18]<\/a>Denilerek su\u00e7lamalardan \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak a\u00e7\u0131klanan resmi belgelerde verilen cezalara ili\u015fkin fazla bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0[19]<\/a>\u00a0Bu mahkemelerde H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda verilen emirlere uymayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da idam edildiklerini verilen kararlardan anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nderler tutuklan\u0131p yarg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Merkez Ordusu Komutan\u0131 Sakall\u0131 Nurettin taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 19.6.1921 tarih ve 2245 numaral\u0131 emriyle s\u00fcrg\u00fcn uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flar. Pontos halk\u0131 ikinci kez \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r:Sahil sancaklar\u0131ndan i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara g\u00f6nderilmekte bulunan ve eli silah tutan Rumlar Erganimadeni, Malatya, Mara\u015f sancaklar\u0131na, Sivas\u2019tan G\u00fcr\u00fcn ve Darende kazalar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nacak ve yerle\u015ftirilecek\u00adlerdir. Hangi kafilelerin nerelere g\u00f6nderileceklerini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tebli\u011f edece\u011fim.<\/em>[20]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0Eli silah tutanlardan maksat 15-50 ya\u015f aras\u0131 erken n\u00fcfustur. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri daha detayl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131ya\u00a0 b\u0131rakarak burada sadece kararnameyi belirtmekle yetiniyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da\u00a0Amele Taburlar\u0131<\/em>na yollanacaklard\u0131r. Sakall\u0131 Nurettin 12.1.1921 g\u00fcn ve 2082 say\u0131l\u0131 emirleri ile\u00a0Amele Taburlar\u0131<\/em>\u00a0ile ilgili sert tedbirler y\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe konur:\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7i taburuna gidecek olanlardan Ordu sanca\u011f\u0131ndan gelecek olanlar \u015earkikarahisar\u2019da Samsun sanca\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilecek olanlar Amasyada toplanacaklard\u0131r\u2026\u00a0<\/em>Gerek i\u015f\u00e7i taburlar\u0131na ve gerekse yerle\u015fmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcney san\u00adcaklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilecek fertlerin ve ki\u015filerin g\u00f6nderilme ve ta\u015f\u0131nmala\u00adr\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcrat ve faaliyetle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcp uygulanacak Samsun Ka\u00adlem Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ile Samsun ve Ordu Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 sabah ve ak\u015fam raporlar\u0131yla icraat\u0131n sonucunu Orduya bildireceklerdir. \u0130\u015fin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6nemi takdir etmeyerek gece, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan ve gev\u015feklik g\u00f6steren kaza ve askerlik \u015fubesi memurlar\u0131n\u0131n cezaland\u0131\u00adr\u0131lacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bildiririm\u2026<\/em>\u00a0G\u00f6nderilecek olan Hristiyanlardan g\u00f6nderildikleri yerden ba\u015fka bir yere firar edenler ile onlar\u0131 kabul edip koruyacak ve sak\u00adlayacak olanlar\u0131n uzak \u00fclkelere kadar g\u00f6nderilmelerine zorunluluk duyulaca\u011f\u0131 ve haklar\u0131nda ba\u015fkaca yasal soru\u015fturma yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Ca-nik, Ordu, Amasya, \u015earkikarahisar, Tokat sancaklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00adrekli olanlara ve \u00f6zellikle Hristiyan halka uygun \u015fekilde bildirilecek ve a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r.<\/em>[21]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Amele Taburlar\u0131<\/em>yla ilgili okuyucuda bir fikir olu\u015fmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu taburlara dair bir bilgi verelim:<\/p>\n

Havza Amele Taburu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 17 muhaf\u0131z, 326 gayr-i muslim\u00a0<\/em>,Merzifon Amele Taburu\u00a0 : 28 muhaf\u0131z, 321 gayr-i muslim<\/em>,Tokat Amele Taburu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 15 muhaf\u0131z, 122 gayr-i m\u00fcslim<\/em>, \u00c7orum Amele Taburu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 30 muhaf\u0131z, 404 gayr-i m\u00fcslim<\/em>, Sivas Amele Taburu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 22 muhaf\u0131z, 414 gayr-i m\u00fcslim<\/em>, Samsun Amele Taburu\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : 30 muhaf\u0131z, 185 gayr-i m\u00fcslim.<\/em>[22]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Bu taburlara numaralar verilmi\u015ftir ve numaralar 8 den ba\u015flamakta 13 te bitti\u011fine g\u00f6re ba\u015fka amele taburlar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusudur.Elias Venezis\u2019in \u201cNumber<\/em>\u00a031328\u2033[23]<\/a>\u00a0adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131 bir \u00f6zya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr ve\u00a0Amele Taburlar\u0131<\/em>n\u0131 resmetmektedir. Venezis\u2019e verilen 31328 numara uygulaman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00a0yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir fikir olu\u015fturmakta\u00a0 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum . Lazaros K. A\u015f\u0131ko\u011flu\u2019nun\u00a0Kilaman<\/em>[24]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0adl\u0131 \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc de s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ile\u00a0amele taburlar\u0131<\/em>nda ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnleri n bir ba\u015fka anlat\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilenlerin yerlerine vard\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesin. Resmi belgelerde bile kurbanlar\u0131n vilayet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 dahi ge\u00e7emedi\u011fini belgelemektedir. Merkez Ordusu Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Samsun mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Sezai ve F\u0131rka kumandan\u0131 \u0130smail imzal\u0131\u00a0 2.6 1921 g\u00fcnl\u00fc yaz\u0131da s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin Kavak\u2019ta sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektedir. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Pontos direni\u015f birliklerinin bu kurbanlar\u0131 kurtarma hareketlerine giri\u015fimleri de resmi belgelerde kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r.[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

19 Ekim 1921 tarihli bir Amerikan belgesine g\u00f6re ise Amasya\u2019da altm\u0131\u015ftan fazla Rum yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, bunlar idama mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f ve idamlar\u0131 infaz edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlara ek olarak 44 Osmanl\u0131 Rum\u2019u uzun s\u00fcreli mahk\u00fbmiyet cezalanna \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[26]<\/a>\u00a0Patrik Vekili Dorotheos, Amiral Bristol\u2019e bu idamlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden\u00a0 idamlar\u0131 k\u0131nayan bir mektup yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Patrik vekili Dorotheos Bu mektubunda, \u00a0bu \u00a0idamlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkler\u2019in sistematik bir \u015fekilde Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki H\u0131ristiyan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 silmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n delili oldu\u011funu iddia eder.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019daki Rum Milli M\u00fcdafaa Cemiyeti mensuplar\u0131 \u0130ngiliz Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Rumbold\u2019a g\u00f6nderdikleri bir telgrafta 6 Ekim 1921 tarihinde bir toplant\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve Samsun, Giresun, Bafra, Amasya ve Ordu\u2019da\u00a0\u00a0 Ankara\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin\u00a0\u00a0 Rumlar\u2019\u0131\u00a0\u00a0 idam etti\u011fini ifade ederek\u00a0\u00a0 bu durumu protesto ettiklerini bildirirler.\u00a0[28]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Cemiyet de, Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni b\u00fct\u00fcn Rumlar\u2019\u0131 yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla su\u00e7lar. Bu y\u00fczden B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler duruma m\u00fcdahale etmeliydiler.<\/p>\n

Bu idamlar ve mahk\u00fbmiyet cezalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Amiral Bristol, 19 Ekim 1921 tarihinde Amerikan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta Rumlar\u2019\u0131n m\u00fctarekeden hemen sonra Karadeniz\u2019de bir Rum devleti kurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde propaganda faaliyetlerine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu faaliyetlerin Venizelos ve Yunan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan tezg\u00e2hland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0(fostered),\u00a0<\/em>ve cezaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lan bu Rumlar\u2019\u0131n bu t\u00fcr faaliyetlerde rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bristol birka\u00e7 su\u00e7suzun da su\u00e7lularla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler. Su\u00e7lunun yan\u0131nda masumun can\u0131n\u0131n yanmas\u0131 hadisesi Bristol\u2019e g\u00f6re Anadolu\u2019nun Yunanlar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgalinin \u201cka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz\u201d\u00a0(inevitable)\u00a0<\/em>bir sonucudur.\u00a0[29]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130tilaf devletleri uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0 g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz bir protesto etmekle yetinirler. \u201cHorace Rumbold ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki di\u011fer m\u00fcttefik y\u00fcksek komiserleri Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019deki zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 ve idamlar hakk\u0131nda bir protesto telgraf\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdi[30]<\/a>. Ancak bunun yan\u0131nda Rumbold, Patrik Vekili Dorotheos ile 6 Ekim\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrk-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda her iki taraftan da ingiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne iletilen katliam iddialar\u0131n\u0131n sebebinin h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda devam etmekte olan sava\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fti. E\u011fer Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Yunanistan bir bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalayabilirlerse\u00a0bu t\u00fcr katliamlara[31]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(ab\u00e7) bir son verilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131\u201d[32]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201c \u0130til\u00e2f Devletleri al\u0131nan tedbirleri etkisiz b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harca\u00admaktan geri durmuyorlard\u0131 Nitekim Pontus Rum eleba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile as\u0131lmas\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7erlerine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesi, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130til\u00e2f Devletleri temsilcilerinin pro\u00adtesto notalar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mill\u00ee H\u00fck\u00fcmetin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihinde buna kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi cevab\u00ee notada\u201d[33]<\/a>\u00a0rahatt\u0131r. Nas\u0131lsa Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetince Uygulamalar daha \u00f6nce\u00a0 Amiral Bristol\u2019a bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Patrik vekilinin Rumbold\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi de ilgin\u00e7tir: \u201cRumbold, 14 Ekim\u2019de Patrik Vekili ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde, Patrik Vekili\u2019nin Samsun\u2019da Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin toplu idamlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini anlat\u0131p ingilizler\u2019in buna bir son vermesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorduktan sonra sandalyesinden kalkarak yere diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na bo\u011fuldu\u011funu anlatmaktad\u0131r. Rumbold, Patrik Vekili\u2019ni Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yapaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc vererek sakinle\u015ftirebilmi\u015fti.[34]<\/a>Daha sonra Rumbold, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmeti yetkilisi Hamid Bey[35]<\/a>\u00a0ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde bu idamlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.[36]<\/a>\u00a0Hamid Bey, haklar\u0131nda idam kararlan verilen ki\u015filerin ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 faaliyetlerde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Yunan kuvvetleriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Bu ki\u015filer kurulan mahkemelerde yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015flar ve idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Neticede Pontos\u2019ta 11.188 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc resmi belgelerde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f kalanlar\u0131n da m\u00fcbadele ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilerek[37]<\/a>\u00a0Pontoslular tarihsel topraklar\u0131ndan\u00a0 kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amasya\u2019daki \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri adl\u0131 resmi infaz kurumunun yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131na gelirsek bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bu mahkemede yarg\u0131lan\u0131p 7,5 y\u0131l ceza ile hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtaran Iakovos Kulehoris\u2019in 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131na[38]<\/a>\u00a0yer verece\u011fiz. Kulehoris\u2019in an\u0131lar\u0131 tutuklamalar ve yarg\u0131lamalar\u00a0 hakk\u0131nda bize ilk elden bilgiler vermektedir.Ayr\u0131ca her iki j\u00f6n T\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemini de i\u00e7erir. S\u00f6z\u00fc \u00a0Kulehoris\u2019e b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz, kendisi bizim ba\u015fkaca bir yorum yapmam\u0131za gerek b\u0131rakm\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

D\u00fczmece Amasya\u00a0Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u201cTabii ki Pontus Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7irdikleri zul\u00fcmler i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok eser yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 95 ya\u015f\u0131mda olan ben de bu an\u0131lara katk\u0131 yapmak istiyorum: B\u00fct\u00fcn zul\u00fcmleri yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131d\u0131m, iki kere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131m ve hapislere kapat\u0131ld\u0131m. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fan\u0131n kurdu\u011fu \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan hapse at\u0131larak 7.5 y\u0131l cezaya mahk\u00fbm edildim.[ yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi resmi propaganda kitab\u0131nda karar\u0131n Merkez Ordu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinde ortakla\u015fa al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r]<\/p>\n

Bu zul\u00fcmler iki d\u00f6neme ayr\u0131labilir. Birincisi 1nci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve 2ncisi K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya T\u00fcrk-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olanlar. Birinci d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi iki canavar y\u00f6netiyordu Talat ve Enver Pa\u015falar ve de ikinci d\u00f6nemde daha sonra Atat\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131 alan Mustafa Kemal. Birinci d\u00f6nemde beyaz \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri ve askeri mahkemeler \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nemde K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya harbi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yeniden s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ve de Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan te\u015fkil edilen \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri sahnede idi.<\/p>\n

Birinci d\u00f6nem zul\u00fcmlerden 76 y\u0131l ve ikinci d\u00f6nemlerinkinden 70 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu y\u0131llar boyunca vuku bulan idamlar ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ruhumda devaml\u0131 \u0131st\u0131raplar \u00e7ektim ve \u00e7ekiyorum. Bug\u00fcne kadar bu yurtsever adamlar\u0131n katli, onlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fuyla s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerde ve hapislerde beraber ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan, bana derin \u0131st\u0131rap veriyor. \u0130nan\u0131yorum ki bu adamlar\u0131n kemikleri hala titremekte ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6ks\u00fcz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 gibi feryatlar \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar beni bu sat\u0131lar\u0131 bir tarih\u00e7i olmayarak fakat aciz bir k\u00f6y \u00f6\u011fretmeni, bir insan olarak, bu kurbanlar\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ve onlara bir mevlit yapmak i\u00e7in yazmaya itmi\u015ftir. Bunu, bu kurbanlara bir g\u00f6rev olarak saymaktay\u0131m. \u0130lerlemi\u015f ya\u015f\u0131mda bu an\u0131larla sonsuz \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ekiyorum. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 benim \u0131st\u0131raplar\u0131m\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131yorum. Ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6m\u00fclmemi\u015f atalar\u0131m\u0131n kemiklerinin kovalamas\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Bu zul\u00fcmlerin anlat\u0131m\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar tarafs\u0131z ve objektif olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na gidelim. May\u0131s ay\u0131 \u00f6\u011flen vakti idi. Ortaokul ikinci s\u0131n\u0131fta idim. Metropolitli\u011fin yard\u0131mc\u0131 piskoposu Platon Ayvatcidis okula geldi ve \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi :\u00a0\u00c7ocuklar J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin Bat\u0131 Anadolu Rumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 zul\u00fcmleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Patrikhanenin emri \u00fczerine okullar kapat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/em>\u00a0Biz a\u011flayarak okuldan ayr\u0131ld\u0131k. \u00d6b\u00fcr g\u00fcn Aya Triyada (Samsun katedrali) kilisesini kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n siyah kuma\u015flarla mateme b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Patrikhanenin 1914 deki bu\u00a0 protestosu Yukar\u0131 Samsun semtlerinde yerel Rum idarecilerini korkuttu. Muhtemel T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak bir katliama kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6zc\u00fc gruplar\u0131 kuruldu. Bunlar Yukar\u0131 Samsun \u00e7evresini g\u00f6zetiliyorlard\u0131. Ba\u015flar\u0131nda daha sonra \u0130stil A\u011fa lakab\u0131n\u0131 alan Stilianos Kosmidis vard\u0131. Bu \u015fah\u0131s 1nci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilk gerilla gruplar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ettirdi.<\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda okullar yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ancak seferberlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ve ekonomik k\u0131s\u0131nt\u0131lardan ve benim i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan okula devam edemedim. Tam o zaman zul\u00fcmler ba\u015flad\u0131. Zul\u00fcmlerin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak May\u0131s 1914 verebiliriz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1915 y\u0131ll\u0131nda 1.5 milyon Ermeni katledildi. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin program\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n imhas\u0131 idi. Halbuki 1908 de ayn\u0131 J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler, ilerici T\u00fcrkler g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek, 1789 Frans\u0131z devriminde oldu\u011fu gibi, h\u00fcrriyet, e\u015fitlik ve adalet\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6zlerini kullanarak Anayasay\u0131 ilan ettiler. T\u00fcrkler\u00a0h\u00fcrriyet, adalet, m\u00fcsavat ve uhuvvet<\/em>\u00a0kelimelerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Maalesef biz t\u00fcm Rumlar bu s\u00f6zlere inand\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131 sanki\u00a0Ne\u015feli \u0130ncil Okumalar\u0131<\/em>\u00a0olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131k. \u0130yi ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za inand\u0131k. Halbuki Hamit devrinde iyi ya\u015f\u0131yorduk. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler Hamit\u2019i kovdular ve yerine Re\u015fat\u2019\u0131 koydular. Programlar\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 imha etmekti.<\/p>\n

1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samsun\u2019un Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019\u00fcnden s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler ba\u015flad\u0131. Kad\u0131k\u00f6yl\u00fcler J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde idiler. Sebep 1908 Me\u015frutiyetinin ilan\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerel Rumlar karakol binas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015flayarak mahv ettiler ve bu yanl\u0131\u015f bir tutum idi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 ile t\u00fct\u00fcn tekeline sahip olan Alman-Frans\u0131z REJ\u0130 \u015firketinde sendikalar te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmeden evvel i\u015f\u00e7iler grev yap\u0131ld\u0131. Grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na t\u00fct\u00fcn yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131lar. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler bunlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131ndan 27 Aral\u0131k 1916, Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc, tam \u0130sa Peygamberin do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc ve Ayios Stefanos yortusunda, Polis kuvvetleri Kad\u0131k\u00f6y semtinde abluka alt\u0131na ald\u0131 ve hepimizi \u00f6\u011flen vakti meydana toplayarak s\u0131raya koyarak \u0130liask\u00f6y\u2019e yayan g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Orada bizi askerler kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 ve gecenin gelmesi ile y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Be\u015f g\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015ften sonra s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yerimiz olan \u00c7orum\u2019a vard\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn 1918\u2019e kadar devam etti. Ben k\u0131z karde\u015flerimle beraber gizliden ka\u00e7abildim. Annem k\u00f6yde oldu\u011fundan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden kurtulmu\u015ftu. 1918 sonunda M\u00fctareke ilan olundu\u011fu zaman s\u00fcrg\u00fcne gidenlerden yaln\u0131z yar\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Geriye d\u00f6nmeyenler yokluklardan, tif\u00fcs ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde zul\u00fcmlerden \u00f6ld\u00fcler. Yar\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6nemedi bile. O zaman erkek eksikli\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Metropolit Karavangelis taraf\u0131ndan yerel Rum Camias\u0131n\u0131n Polivios Raptarhis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan y\u00f6netim kuruluna atand\u0131m. Sekreter g\u00f6revini \u00fcstelendim. Toplanabileni toparlad\u0131k ve Kavak\u2019dan bir Papaz\u0131 ve iki han\u0131m \u00f6\u011fretmeni bularak okullumuzu a\u00e7t\u0131k. Bunlar ilk d\u00f6nem s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri idi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1921\u2019de Amasya\u2019da \u0130dam edilen Pontoslu Rum Ayd\u0131nlar<\/em><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi ikinci d\u00f6neme ge\u00e7elim. 1920\u2019nin yaz\u0131nda M.Kemal\u2019in orta Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde iktidar\u0131 yerle\u015fti\u011fi zaman ekonomik g\u00fcce sahip olan bir \u00e7ok Samsunlu Rum korkular\u0131 sebebinden uluslar aras\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin elinde olan \u0130stanbul\u2019la ka\u00e7t\u0131lar. Bu ka\u00e7anlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Trakya k\u00f6kenli ve REJ\u0130 \u015firketinde berber \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z veznedar Kalliadis\u2019de vard\u0131. Bu \u015fah\u0131s s\u00f6zde ailesini u\u011furlamak i\u00e7in vapur iskelesine gitti ve \u015firkete hi\u00e7 bir haber vermeyerek kendisi de vapura binerek \u0130stanbul\u2019a ka\u00e7t\u0131. M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yordan Totomanidis bunu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi zaman \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131. H\u00e2lbuki bu ka\u00e7anlar ne olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bir yerden sezmi\u015flerdi. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Reji \u015firketi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Yordan Totomanidis \u00e7ok d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir yurtsever Rum\u2019du ve Metropolit Karavangelis ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri vard\u0131. Herhalde bunlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkler biliyorlard\u0131. 1920 Sonbahar\u0131nda Totomanidis\u2019i Mustafa Kemal\u00a0 T\u00fct\u00fcn fabrikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir et\u00fct yapmak sebebiyle Ankara\u2019ya davet etti. REJ\u0130 b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fct\u00fcn mam\u00fclerini tedarik ediyordu. Do\u011fu vilayetleri Samsun\u2019dan Bat\u0131 vilayetleri\u00a0 ise o zamanlar Yunan\u2019lar\u0131n elinde olan \u0130zmir\u2019den t\u00fct\u00fcn al\u0131yorlad\u0131. Makedonya \u00e7evresi ise \u0130stanbul\u2019da K\u0131rba\u015f\u0131 fabrikas\u0131ndan hizmet al\u0131yordu. Totomanidis acayip geli\u015fimlerden \u015f\u00fcphelendi\u011finden kendisinin yerine \u0130talyan as\u0131l\u0131 REJ\u0130 \u015firketinin kontrolc\u00fcs\u00fc olan Makezi\u2019yi yollad\u0131. Ancak Mustafa Kemal, Totomanidis\u2019i istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi ve \u0130talyan\u2019\u0131 geri g\u00f6nderdi. O zaman Totomanidis hepimizi toplad\u0131. REJ\u0130 de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hemen hemen hepsi Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudi idi ve T\u00fcrkler yaln\u0131z bek\u00e7i idi. Totomanidis bize veda ederek \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:\u00a0D\u00f6n\u00fcp d\u00f6nemeyece\u011fimi bilmiyorum ama sizden ricam fabrikay\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00fckle ve iyi \u015fekilde idare edin.\u00a0<\/em>Bir ay sonra \u00f6\u011frendik ki Totomanidis Mustafa Kemalin adam\u0131 olan Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan ac\u0131maz\u0131mca katledildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendik.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da s\u00f6ylenenler ikinci z\u00fcl\u00fcm d\u00f6neminin ilk safhalar\u0131 idi. 1921 Ocak ay\u0131nda evime bir polis geldi ve beni Samsun merkez karakoluna g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Orada ORFEAS adl\u0131 m\u00fczik kul\u00fcb\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerini buldum. Ba\u015fkan \u00f6\u011fretmen Valiuli ve veznedar ile berber alt\u0131 k\u0131\u015f\u0131 idik. Bu m\u00fczik kul\u00fcb\u00fcn cemiyet olarak etkinli\u011fi iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131labilir. Birincisi 1908\u2019de kurulu\u015fundan 1nci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar Ahileas Atakidis\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan d\u00f6nem . O zamanlar ben 13-14 ya\u015f\u0131mda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fumdan \u00fcye de\u011fildim. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem ise 1919 benim inisiyatifimle yeniden kurulmas\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p ve 8 Ocak\u2019ta kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00a0ve tutuklanmam\u0131z ile bitti. Bize atfedilen su\u00e7 bu cemiyetin izinsiz etkinlik yapmas\u0131 ve yeniden kurulmas\u0131 idi. Bizi iki ay kadar hapiste tutular ve ondan sonra Amasya g\u00f6nderdiler. Mustafa Kemal, Sultan tarafl\u0131s\u0131 muhalifleri bertaraf ettikten sonra Anadolu\u2019ya h\u00e2kim olmu\u015f \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerini kurmu\u015ftu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Biz Amasya\u2019da 5-6 ay kald\u0131k ve askeri mahkemede yarg\u0131land\u0131k. Savunmam\u0131zda bu cemiyetin izne sahip oldu\u011funu ve sadece yeniden etkinliklerine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledik. \u0130lk \u00f6nce ba\u015fkan Valiuli sorguya \u00e7ekildi ve onu b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f durumda bir k\u00f6\u015fede g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ondan sonra Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 bana \u015funu sordu :\u00a0Sana \u00e7ete sava\u015f\u0131 yapmak amac\u0131nday\u0131z diyen bir evrak\u0131 g\u00f6sterirsem bakal\u0131m ne diyeceksin ?<\/em>\u00a0Bende haz\u0131rcevapl\u0131kla\u00a0E\u011fer b\u00f6yle bir evrak varsa beni as\u0131n<\/em>\u00a0dedim. O kadar emindim ve devamda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledim\u00a0Amac\u0131m\u0131z gen\u00e7leri k\u00f6t\u00fc yollardan korumakt\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn evraklar\u0131m\u0131z sizin ellinizdedir.<\/em>\u00a0O zaman bana evrak\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. Evrak damgal\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. \u0130mza Varda lakapl\u0131 Makedonya sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 general Yorgo Conto\u2019nun idi ve \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu \u015eu gemi ile \u015fehrin deniz fenerine yak\u0131n silah \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131z ve buna g\u00f6re cemiyetler, gen\u00e7lik kollar\u0131 Makedonya\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi te\u015fkilatlan\u0131n\u0131z<\/em>. Evrak\u0131 okudu\u011fum zaman so\u011fuk terler d\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Ancak evrak\u0131n tarihinin 1908 veya 1909 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bir soluk nefes ald\u0131m ve \u015funu s\u00f6yledim :\u00a0Efendiler bunu tarihi \u015fudur<\/em>\u00a0ve ilk d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahileas Atakidisin \u0130stanbul\u2019la s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimden bu evrak\u0131n nas\u0131l bulundu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fime ve eski d\u00f6neme ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledim. Karavangelis 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Makedonya\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak Amasya Metropoliti olmu\u015ftu ve belki general Conto ile ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131. Evrak\u0131n sahte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemem. Bunlar\u0131n sonunda beni, Valiauli ve Serefoyu 7.5 y\u0131lla mahk\u00fbm ettiler ve di\u011fer iki \u00fcyeyi ve veznedar\u0131 5 y\u0131l hapisse \u00e7arpt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu davadan 5-6 ay ge\u00e7meden Amasya\u2019ya Pontus Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n Samsun ve Bafra b\u00f6lgelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn ileri gelen Rumlar\u0131n\u0131 getirdiler. Bunlar \u00e7o\u011fu doktor, avukat, eczac\u0131 idi ve toplam 89 ki\u015fi idi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcccarlar da vard\u0131. Hi\u00e7 kimse tutuklanma sebebini bilmiyordu. Bizlerden nereye geldiklerini \u00f6\u011frendiler. Bundan sonar 1921 yaz aylar\u0131nda Ankara T\u00fcrk y\u00f6netimi b\u00fct\u00fcn Samsun erkeklerini \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck kafile halinde toplat\u0131ld\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne yollad\u0131. Bunlardan iki kafile yollarda Topal Osmanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131lar. \u00c7o\u011fu katledildi veya yaraland\u0131. Hafif yaral\u0131lar\u0131 Amasya hapishanelerine getirdiler ve onlar\u0131 di\u011fer tutuklu Rumlar tedavi etti. Bu kafilelerin birinde Alkiviadis Raptarhis bulunuyordu ve karga\u015fal\u0131k i\u00e7inde yan\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 zehir ile intihar etti. Topal Osmanc\u0131lar Samsun erkeklerini imha ettikten sonra gerillalara yard\u0131m ettikleri \u015f\u00fcphesi olan civar k\u00f6yleri yakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Eyl\u00fcl 1921 ba\u015f\u0131nda 89 tutukluyu bizimle beraber (mahkeme karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen) mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Biz alt\u0131 Orfeas y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck korkuya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Son anda Bafral\u0131 Profes\u00f6r Papamarkos da mahkemeye al\u0131nd\u0131 ve \u00a0sonunda infaz edildi. Pazartesi sabah\u0131 mahkemenin ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimizden Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc kutsal ayin yapt\u0131k. Hepimiz kutsal \u015farap ve ekmek ald\u0131k. Ba\u015fpapaz Platon Ayvazidis Tanr\u0131dan hepimizin affedilmesini\u00a0 diledi.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi Bafral\u0131lar\u0131n ve Samsunlar\u0131n mahkeme s\u00fcrecine bakal\u0131m. \u0130lk g\u00fcn san\u0131klar\u0131n isimleri okundu. \u0130kinci g\u00fcn su\u00e7lama metni okundu. Atfedilen su\u00e7: Pontus devletini kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamakt\u0131 ve ispat olarak Metropolitli\u011fin evraklar\u0131 ve evvelden s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz Orfeas cemiyetinde bulunan evrak idi.<\/p>\n

Metropolitli\u011fin evraklar\u0131 okundu ve kan\u0131mca hi\u00e7 bir ciddi su\u00e7 i\u00e7ermiyordu. Bunun sonunda rahmetli Platon Ayvazidis s\u00f6z\u00fc isteyerek e\u011fer bir kabahatli varsa kendisinin oldu\u011funu ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan Metropolit Yermanos Karavangelisi temsil etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ger\u00e7ekte Amasaya Metropolitinin vekaletini Bafra piskoposu Zilon \u00fcstelenmi\u015fti ama bu ruhani lider Amasya hapishanesisin a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve Amasya\u2019da defni edilmi\u015fti. Karavangelis \u00e7ok ate\u015fli bir yurtseverdi ama diplomatik ve politik s\u00f6zden yoksundu. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde b\u00fct\u00fcn Samsun halk\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131lamaya gelen Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fekilde kovmu\u015ftu. Bu bir Metropolit i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 de do\u011fru olmayan bir davran\u0131\u015f idi. Evvelden s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz 1908 de Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019de karakol binas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015flanmas\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn karar a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. 95 su\u00e7ludan 69\u2019u idama mahk\u00fbm edildi ve aralar\u0131nda Orfeas\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri de olan geri kalan 26 ki\u015fiden baz\u0131lar\u0131 15-20 y\u0131l hapis cezalar\u0131 ald\u0131. Biz \u00f6nceden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hapis cezalar\u0131 ile kald\u0131k Karar\u0131n okumas\u0131 sonunda \u00e7ok sayg\u0131de\u011fer ve ciddi bir \u015fah\u0131s olan Yorgo Yelkencio\u011flu karde\u015fi Platon Yelkencio\u011flu ile beraber idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitti\u011finde aya\u011fa kalkarak\u00a0A\u015eKOLSUN ADALET\u0130N\u0130ZE!<\/em>\u00a0s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

idam edilen 69 ki\u015finin\u00a0 aras\u0131na bat\u0131 cephesinden getirilen ve Yunan ordusunun \u00fcniformas\u0131n\u0131 giyen \u00fc\u00e7 doktor ve bir eczac\u0131 subaylar\u0131n\u0131 da kat\u0131lar. Bunlardan bir Yukar\u0131 Samsunlu Pelopidas Epifanidis karar\u0131 i\u015fitti\u011fi zaman k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131kla ve kararl\u0131kla hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeyerek aniden bana para c\u00fczdan\u0131n\u0131, saatini ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc verdi. \u0130nfazlardan iki g\u00fcn sonra c\u00fczdan\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131mda bunun Pelopidas\u2019a subay oldu\u011fundan kurtulaca\u011f\u0131na inanan ba\u015fka bir idama mahk\u00fbm tutuklu taraf\u0131ndan verildi\u011fin anlad\u0131m. Bu infaz edilen REJ\u0130 de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u015fah\u0131s c\u00fczdandaki epeyce miktarda paralar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen o\u011fluna g\u00f6nderilmesini diliyordu. Kader her ikisinin de 69 idam edilenler aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Samsun ve Bafral\u0131lar\u0131n mahkemesini, haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 Trabzonlular\u0131n mahkemesi izledi. Bunlar Mebus Kofidis, zengin Aleksi Aktritidis ve Trabzon\u2019da \u201cEpohi(Devir)\u201d gazetesini \u00e7\u0131karan Niko Kapetanidis\u2019di. Niko \u00e7ok cesur ve ate\u015fli yurtseverdi. 69 mahk\u00fbmu idama g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken ki, biz \u00e7ok duygulu anlar i\u00e7inde iken kendisi [Kapetanidis], Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu mill\u00ee panay\u0131r\u0131 kaybediyorum!<\/em>\u00a0diyordu. Trabzon yaln\u0131z bu \u00fc\u00e7 kurban\u0131 verdi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nde gelenler 1917 Ruslar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesinde onlarla beraber gittiler. Bundan sonra Ak-da\u011f-maden\u2019in \u00f6nde gelenlerinin ve ilk ba\u015fta papaz\u0131n mahkemesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z papaz Vasil Felekis kurtuldu ve Yunanistan\u2019a geldi\u011fi zaman Makedonya\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmen oldu. Bu infaza g\u00f6t\u00fcren mahkemelerden evvel, Merzifon Kolejinden Samsun k\u00f6kenli velileri ne ile yarg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen iki \u00f6\u011frenci ile \u00a0bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00a0berber idam edildi.<\/p>\n

40 ay s\u00fcre F\u0131rat nehrine yak\u0131n Erzincan hapishanesinde kald\u0131ktan sonra ba\u015fka hapishanelerde bulunan 26 mahk\u00fbmlar ile beraber bizi Trabzon hapishanesine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. O zaman karama m\u00fcbadele komisyonu geldi ve bizi KAVALA isimli bir gemiye bindirdi. Bu gemi Samsun\u2019a u\u011frad\u0131 ve muhacirler ald\u0131. M\u00fcbadele ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fcbadilleri Kavala ve Selanik\u2019te b\u0131rakt\u0131. Yunanistan\u2019a geldi\u011fimizde May\u0131s ay\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bunlar benim \u00e7ekti\u011fim \u00e7ilelerimdir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak\u00a0yarg\u0131l\u0131<\/em>\u00a0yarg\u0131s\u0131z Pontos halk\u0131 infaz edilerek tarihsel topraklar\u0131ndan kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu, \u0130stiklal\u00a0Mahkemeleri, Resmi \u0130deoloji S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,\u00a0<\/em>Ed. Fikret Ba\u015fkaya, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00dcniversite Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2007 i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr, Pontus\u2019un Gayri Resmi Tarihi, www.taraf.com.tr\/ayse-hur\/makale-pontusun-gayri-resmi-tarihi.htm<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0. \u0130stiklal Harbi Tarihi cilt IV. \u0130stiklal Harbinde Ayaklanmalar 1919-1921 Genkur Bas\u0131mevi 1974 sh 282<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0Londra\u00a0Times<\/em>\u00a0Gazetesinin 3 Kas\u0131m 1911 n\u00fcshas\u0131nda \u201cJ\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ve\u00a0 Programlar<\/em>\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu Kongresinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmekte ve b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (ottomanization) zorla da olsa kesin olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir. Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n silahlanmas\u0131 ile olacakt\u0131. Gazetenin yay\u0131n\u0131nda Kongrede s\u00f6ylenenler aras\u0131nda \u015funlar belirtilmektedir: \u201c\u2026T\u00fcrkiye ilk evvela bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkesidir\u2026 Hristiyanlara g\u00fcven olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, herhangi ba\u015fka bir dinsel propaganda bast\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r \u2026 Bunlar her zaman yeni [j\u00f6n-T\u00fcrk] rejimin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7abalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u2026 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131, otonom olmalar\u0131 ve polise kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve bunlar dinlerini muhafaza edebilir \u00a0ancak dillerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmelidirler. T\u00fcrk dilinin hakimiyet kazanmas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hakimiyetinin temel \u00f6\u011felerindendir.<\/em>..\u201d.<\/p>\n

Selanik\u2019te Rumca yay\u0131nlanan\u00a0\u201cNea Alitheia\u201d<\/em>\u00a0gazetesinin 10 Temmuz 1910 n\u00fcshas\u0131nda \u015funlar yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:\u00a0\u201cBizim Rumlar i\u00e7in ne diyelim. Bu kadar \u015fiddet dolu \u00a0her g\u00fcnk\u00fc bask\u0131lar\u0131 anlatmak i\u00e7in kelimelerin manas\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizi yok ediyorsunuz Son iki y\u0131lda ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelen felaketleri anlatmak s\u00f6zler bulam\u0131yoruz. Hangi sebeple b\u00fct\u00fcn bu bask\u0131lara u\u011fruyoruz. Bize hi\u00e7 kimsenin haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa maruz kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc veri\u015fmi\u015fti. Buna ra\u011fmen kiliselerimizi ,okullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131\u00a0 ve mezarl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z kapatan kanunlar oyland\u0131. Bize ait olanlar\u0131 al\u0131p ba\u015fkalar\u0131na veriyorsunuz. Papazlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerimizi hapislere \u00a0t\u0131k\u0131yorsunuz. Yurtta\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fcyorsunuz ve her yerden feryatlar ve a\u011f\u0131tlar i\u015fitiliyor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Vlasis A\u011fcidis<\/em>,<\/em>\u00a0Samsun\u2019dan<\/em>\u00a0Sebrenitza\u2019ya www.mesop.net\/osd\/?app=izctrl&archiv=220&izseq\u2026artid\u2026<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Topal Osman A\u011fa hakk\u0131nda belgeler hen\u00fcz karanl\u0131ktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 belge dahi yap\u0131lan bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u015fiddeti belgeler: M\u00fclkiye m\u00fcfetti\u015finin Giresun\u2019dan Dahiliye vekaletine 4 eyl\u00fcl 335 tarihli tezkerede<\/p>\n

\u201cDahiliye Nezareti Celilesine<\/p>\n

Devletlu efendim hazretleri<\/p>\n

Giresun\u2019da belediye reisi osman a\u011fan\u0131n ta\u2019rifeye ve bir guna meclis karar\u0131na m\u00fcstenid (?) olmaks\u0131z\u0131n madam pavlidi sinemas\u0131ndan \u015fehri on lira belediye-i resmi istifas\u0131na k\u0131yam etme suretiyle n\u00fcfuz-u memuriyetini sui istimal eyledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na mebni hakk\u0131nda takibat-\u0131 kanuniye icras\u0131 talebiyle giresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na vekalete tevdi edilmi\u015f fezleke suretini lefen takdim k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 maruzdur ol-babda emr u ferman hazret-I men leh-\u00fcl emrindir.\u201d BOA. DH.UMVM 92\/74<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci bir belgede yine \u201c\u00c7eteler reisi\u2019nin \u015fiddeti vard\u0131r: \u201cGiresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na ,Bu Osman a\u011fan\u0131n kendisini giresuna belediye reisi intihab ettirmekle beraber kasaban\u0131n mu\u2019teberan\u0131ndan m\u00f6sy\u00f6 kostantinidesin hanesini muhasara ederek on sekiz bin lira vermedi\u011fi halde haneyi ihrak [Yakma] ve konstantinidesin \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 da\u011fa kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek suretiyle icra-\u0131\u00a0 tehdidat eyledi\u011fi ihbaren haber verildi.\u201d BOA. DH. KMS 44\/10,\u00a0 bir ba\u015fka\u00a0 belgede Beyo\u011flu komiserli\u011fi Osman A\u011fa\u2019dan \u201c\u00c7eteler Reisi\u201d olarak s\u00f6z etmektedir. BOA DH.KMS 50\/2<\/p>\n

Alay katibi Fehmi imzas\u0131yla da Topal Osman\u0131n marifetleri maddeler halindeTrabzon vilayetine bildirilir: \u201cTrabzon vilayetine, Giresun kaimakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 belediye reisi topal Osman a\u011fan\u0131n sui istimaline dair mevadi havi alay katibi Fehmi imzas\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilub nezarete tevdi\u2019 idilen iki mektub aynen \u2026valalar\u0131na irsal k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131 haklar\u0131nda laz\u0131m gelen tahkikatin ifas\u0131yla evrak-\u0131 melfufenin iadesiyle leffen i\u015far\u0131 bab\u0131nda\u201d BOA. DH.KSM 51\/1-4<\/p>\n

R\u0131za Nur Hat\u0131rat\u2019\u0131nda Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n kendisine \u2018Beyefendi evet para topluyorum, fakat bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n bir habbesini almam\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m hep gavur mal\u0131d\u0131r. Benim ba\u015f\u0131mda binlerce ha\u015farat var. Bunlar kanl\u0131 katil, e\u015fk\u0131ya. Da\u011flarda dola\u015f\u0131p millete zarar vereceklerine toplay\u0131p d\u00fc\u015fmanla harp ediyorum. Bunlar yiyecek, giyecek ve har\u00e7l\u0131k istiyor\u2026 Bu Rumlar bize neler yap\u0131yorlar. Paralar\u0131n\u0131, canlar\u0131n\u0131 almak helaldir\u2026 dedi\u011fini aktar\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131 ve Lozan\u2019\u0131n murahhas\u0131 R\u0131za Nur Topal Osman A\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 onaylayarak y\u00fcreklendirir. Dr R\u0131za Nur Hayat ve Hat\u0131rat\u0131m c 3 i\u015faret 1992, s 163-164.<\/p>\n

Osman A\u011fa hareketlerinde serbesttir ve y\u00fckselmeye devam etmekte ve\u00a0Pontos\u2019ta ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f b\u0131rakmamaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0Bestami S. Bilgi\u00e7, Do\u011fu Karadeniz Rumlar\u0131 \u0130syan ve G\u00f6\u00e7 (1919-1923) TTK, 2011, s108-109,<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Bestami S. Bilgi\u00e7, Do\u011fu Karadeniz Rumlar\u0131\u2026 sh 119<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130stiklal Harbi Tarihi cilt IV. \u0130stiklal Harbinde Ayaklanmalar 1919-1921 Genkur Bas\u0131mevi 1974 sh 284<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u201c19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi s\u0131fat\u0131yla Samsun\u2019a ayak basan Mustafa Kemal\u2019in esas g\u00f6revi, M\u00fctareke\u2019yi tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemekti. Bu d\u00f6nemi Kutsal \u0130syan adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda anlatan H. \u0130. Dinamo\u2019ya g\u00f6re Mustafa Kemal, Havza\u2019ya gelir gelmez b\u00f6lgenin naml\u0131 kabaday\u0131lar\u0131ndan Topal Osman A\u011fa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve \u2018Pontus belas\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n tecr\u00fcbeli ellerine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2019. Topal Osman da \u2018Siz hi\u00e7 merak etmeyin Pa\u015fam. Bu Pontus Rumlar\u0131na \u00f6yle bir t\u00fcts\u00fc verece\u011fim ki, hepsi ma\u011faralarda e\u015fek ar\u0131s\u0131 gibi bo\u011fulacak\u2019 demi\u015fti. Topal Osman o tarihlerde \u0130stanbul Divan-\u0131 Harbi taraf\u0131ndan Ermeni katliamlar\u0131ndaki su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 aran\u0131yordu. Muhtemelen Mustafa Kemal\u2019in ricas\u0131 ile Temmuz 19192da Osman A\u011fa hakk\u0131ndaki tutuklama karar\u0131 Padi\u015fah Vahdettin taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve Topal Osman,Trabzon Valisi Cemal Azmi ve Giresun Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 gibi yerel y\u00f6neticilerinin itiraz\u0131na ra\u011fmen Trabzon havalisinde Pontuslu Rumlar\u0131 temizleme i\u015fine ba\u015flad\u0131.\u201d Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr, Pontus\u2019un Gayri Resmi Tarihi<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Marsilyadaki Eski Giresun Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0 Konstanidis Rus Hariciye komiseri Leon Trotsky\u2019e \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgrafta bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi dile getirilir: \u201cPont-Euxien (Karadeniz) ve y\u00f6resinden meydana gelmekte olup Birle\u015fik Amerika, \u0130svi\u00e7re, \u0130ngiltere, Yunanistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve di\u011fer memleket\u00adlerde oturan ve Pontus i\u015flerini d\u00fczenlemeye yetkili temsilcilerin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yle Marsilya\u2019da toplanan kongremiz, bu y\u00f6renin Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan bo\u00ad\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, tekrar T\u00fcrk egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na giremeyece\u011finden dola\u00ady\u0131 Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan Sinop\u2019a kadar bir cumhuriyet kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 arzu ve bunun i\u00e7in de \u015fiddetle i\u015fe kar\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131 rica ve pe\u015fin olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimizi tak\u00addim ederiz.Pontus Kongresi nam\u0131na<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkanKonstantinidis\u201d Giresun Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konstantidis\u2019in ard\u0131ndan topal Osman A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan gasp edilerek sistemli bask\u0131 be katliamlara ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in, Rag\u0131p Zarakolu, Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu, Teofanis Malkidis, THE GREEK GENOCIDE: THE MASS CRIME IN PONTUS, Pontian Club of Kavala Prefekture 2011, \u00a0Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu\u00a0Pontos Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Hareketi<\/em>\u00a0ve\u00a0Pontos<\/em>\u00a0Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/a>\u00a0www.armenieninfo.net<\/a>,\u00a0Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr: Pontus\u2019un Gayr\u0131resmi Tarihi,<\/strong>\u00a0http:\/\/www.taraf.com.tr\/ayse-hur\/makale-pontusun-gayri-resmi-tarihi.htm<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130stiklal Harbi Tarihi cilt IV. \u0130stiklal Harbinde Ayaklanmalar 1919-1921 Genkur Bas\u0131mevi 1974 sh 292<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0Pontus Meselesi, Matbuat ve \u0130stihbarat Matbaas\u0131 Ankara 1922 T\u0131pk\u0131bas\u0131m yay\u0131na Haz\u0131rlayan Y\u0131lmaz Kurt,TBMM Bas\u0131mevi 1995, sh 378.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0Pontus Meselesi\u2026 sh 379-380<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0Pontus Meselesi\u2026\u00a0 sh381-383<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0Daha sonra 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan Samsun \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi de faaliyetlerini devaml\u0131 Amasya\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in resmi belgelerde ismi \u00e7o\u011funlukla Amasya \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. Sivas \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi genelde Amasya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu mahkemenin Amasya \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi olarak bilindi\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0Pontus Meselesi\u2026 sh 390<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0Tutuklanan\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0ki\u015filer Amasya \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi\u2019nde yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131<\/em>r<\/em>. Bu mahkemenin verdi\u011fi cezalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; 199 Rum\u2019un Pontus\u00e7uluk meselesine bula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, 7 Rum\u2019un casusluk yapt\u0131klar\u0131, 4 Rum\u2019un askerlik davetine icabet etmedikleri, 42 Rum ve 1 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n e\u015fk\u0131yaya yard\u0131m ettikleri, 15 Rum\u2019un e\u015fk\u0131yay\u0131 himaye ettikleri, 100 Rum ve 19 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n askerlikten firar ettikleri, 4 Rum\u2019un e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k yapt\u0131klar\u0131, 39 Rum\u2019un da Pontus\u00e7u \u00e7etelere kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131,<\/em>i<\/em>\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca 1 ki\u015fi de \u201c\u015fevke tabi Rum kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmak\u201d su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/em>r<\/em>.<\/em>\u00a0Bu ki<\/em>\u015finin dini aidiyeti belirtilmemektedir. Ancak, e\u011fer herhangi bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 bir Rum cezaland\u0131<\/em>r\u0131<\/em>lm\u0131\u015fsa bu belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u015eevke tabi Rum kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmak su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan ki\u015fi Rum olsayd\u0131 belirtilirdi. O y\u00fczden bu ki\u015fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>.<\/em>\u00a0Bestami S. Bilgi\u00e7, Do\u011fu Karadeniz Rumlar\u0131 \u0130syan ve G\u00f6\u00e7 (1919-1923) TTK, 2011, s108-109,<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0Pontus Meselesi\u2026 sh396<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0Pontos Meselesi\u2026 sh 398-399<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0ATASE Ar\u015f. Kls. 1124, Ds. 18, Fhr. 137.AktaranMustafa \u00a0Balc\u0131o\u011flu \u0130ki \u0130syan Ko\u00e7giri Pontus , Bir Pa\u015fa Nurettin Pa\u015fa, Babil y.2003 \u2026 s 36<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f yunan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n usta kalemi Venezis\u2019in bu eseri\u00a0 Belge Uluslar aras\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0Lazaros K. A\u015f\u0131ko\u011flu\u2019nun\u00a0Kilaman<\/em>, Anadolu\u2019dan\u00a0 \u00a0Gelen Bir Rum\u2019un An\u0131lar\u0131 Belge uluslar aras\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2010<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>\u00a0Pontos meselsi\u2026 sh 405<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a>\u00a0Bristol\u2019den D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131\u2019na, 19 Ekim 1921, NARA767.68\/155.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a>\u00a0Patrik Vekili\u2019nden Bristol\u2019e, 24 Ekim 1921, NARA767.68\/155.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019daki Rum Milli M\u00fcdafaa Cemiyeti\u2019ndcn Rumbold\u2019a,\u00a0\u00a0 10 Ekim\u00a0\u00a0 1921, F0371\/6534.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a>\u00a0Bestami S. Bilgi\u00e7, Do\u011fu Karadeniz Rumlar\u0131 \u0130syan ve G\u00f6\u00e7 (1919-1923) TTK, 2011, sh 108-109<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a>\u00a0Rumbold\u2019tan Curzon\u2019a, 15 Ekim 1921, i\u00e7inde\u00a0Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, Vol.\u00a0<\/em>XVII,\u00a0<\/em>s. 441.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a>\u00a0Alt\u0131n\u0131 ben \u00e7izdim, T.C.\u2019nin resmi organ\u0131 TTK\u2019nun yay\u0131n\u0131nda pontos\u2019ta yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n katliam olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi\u00a0 dikkate de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a>\u00a0Bestami S. Bilgi\u00e7, Do\u011fu Karadeniz Rumlar\u0131\u2026 sh 111<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130stiklal Harbi Tarihi cilt IV. \u0130stiklal Harbinde Ayaklanmalar 1919-1921 Genkur Bas\u0131mevi 1974 sh 293<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a>\u00a0Rumbold\u2019tan Curzon\u2019a, 15 Ekim 1921, i\u00e7inde\u00a0Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, Vol.\u00a0<\/em>XVII,\u00a0<\/em>s. 440-442.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a>\u00a0Ankara H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u0130snabul\u2019daki mutemedi (Abd\u00fcl)Hamid Hasancan<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a>\u00a0Rumbold\u2019tan Curzon\u2019a, 15 Ekim 1921, i\u00e7inde\u00a0Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, Vol.\u00a0<\/em>XVII,\u00a0<\/em>s. 441.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a>\u00a0\u0130stiklal Harbi Tarihi cilt IV. \u0130stiklal Harbinde Ayaklanmalar \u2026 sh 294<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a>\u00a0Iakovos Kulehoris, Samsun ve \u00c7ileleri, Kirikakidi Karde\u015fler kitabevi, Selanik 1991<\/p>\n

https:\/\/yakindoguyazilari.com\/<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin ar\u015fivleri halen a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu \u201cmahkemeler\u201d hakk\u0131nda bilgimiz neredeyse yok gibidir. Ancak baz\u0131 hat\u0131ratlarda; Ahmet Emin Yalman, Zekeriya Sertel, H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2026 gibi bu mahkemelerden ge\u00e7en ki\u015filerin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 kadar ve her d\u00f6nemin iktidar borazan\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131klar\u0131 su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 seri yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131r aralar\u0131n\u0131 okuyarak bilgi edinebiliyoruz. \u201cMahkeme\u201d hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lanlar da bu \u201cinfaz kurumlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":56449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nSait \u00c7etino\u011flu: Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Pontos\u2019taki D\u00fczmece \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri ve Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56448\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu: Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Pontos\u2019taki D\u00fczmece \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri ve Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin ar\u015fivleri halen a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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