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\u0130ra Tzourou <\/strong><\/p>\n Rebetiko m\u00fczi\u011finin efsanelerinden Marika Ninou\u2019nun ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131d\u0131r Evangelia Atamyan. Kimi kaynaklar onu 1918 Kafkasya do\u011fumlu g\u00f6sterir, kimi kaynaklar \u0130stanbul veya Selanik\u2019te do\u011fdu\u011funu yazarlar. Ger\u00e7ek \u015fudur ki\u00a0Evangelia 1922\u2019de annesi ve karde\u015flerinin bindi\u011fi m\u00fclteci gemisinde do\u011fmu\u015f, Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yeni evlerinin kuruldu\u011fu Pire\u2019nin Kokkinia semtinde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Evangelia\u2019n\u0131n annesi Vart veya G\u00fclya, 1922 senesinde Kilikya\u2019daki Sis\u2019ten (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kozan) can\u0131n\u0131 kurtararak 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu ve iki k\u0131z\u0131yla m\u00fcltecileri ta\u015f\u0131yan Evangelistrias gemisine biner. Kayserili olan babas\u0131 \u201csaat\u00e7i Hayg\u201d Atamyan, Yunanistan\u0131n ders kitaplar\u0131nda \u201cKahrolsun bunlara sebep olanlar!\u201d diye okutulan tarihlerde katledilenler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kendisi karn\u0131 burnunda hamiledir. Kilikya \u2013 \u0130zmir \u2013 Pire aras\u0131nda bir yerde sanc\u0131lanarak k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furur. Bebe\u011fin morarm\u0131\u015f bedenini g\u00f6ren kad\u0131nlar ya\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirerek geminin ambar\u0131na koyarlar. Bir Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc gemi \u0130zmir\u2019e vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fehir alevler i\u00e7indedir. Bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131kta bekledikten sonra Midilli\u2019ye, oraya yana\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilmeyince Atina\u2019ya yol al\u0131r. Minik bebek onca eziyet i\u00e7inde inatla d\u00fcnyada kal\u0131r. Geminin kaptan\u0131 gemide bulunan Ermeni bir papazdan bebe\u011fi derhal vaftiz etmesini ister. \u00d6l\u00fcrse b\u00f6ylece H\u0131ristiyan olarak \u00f6lecektir. Kaptan bebe\u011fin vaftiz babas\u0131 olur ve geminin ad\u0131ndan ilhamla Evangelia ad\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n Ailenin fakirlik seneleri binlerce Rum ve Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kokkinia\u2019da ge\u00e7er. Evangelia Kokkinia\u2019da Ermenice e\u011fitim veren Zavaryan ilkokuluna gider. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 karakterine ve berrak sesine dikkat eden \u00f6\u011fretmeninin te\u015fviki ile mandolin \u00f6\u011frenir. Cemaatin kilisesi Surp Hagoplar\u00a0 (\u054d\u0580\u0562\u0578\u0581 \u0545\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0562\u0565\u0561\u0576\u0581) korosunda iki k\u0131z karde\u015fi ile ayinlerde ilahi okur. Y\u00f6rede Danimarkal\u0131 misyonerler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan diki\u015f nak\u0131\u015f kursuna karde\u015fleri ve kom\u015fular\u0131 ile gitti\u011fi y\u0131llarda ya\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 gibi terzi olmaya niyeti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verir. Geceleri \u00e7evrede yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan rebetiko mekanlar\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131nda dinledi\u011fi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 ezberler, sabahlar\u0131 okulda s\u0131n\u0131f arkada\u015flar\u0131na s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n Pire, Nikea, Kokkinia meyhanelerinden rebetikonun isyanc\u0131, g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r t\u0131n\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131r ortal\u0131\u011fa. Ege\u2019nin iki yakas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fczi\u011fi batakhanelerde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir birle\u015fimle kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rebetiko a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, a\u015fk\u0131n, \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131n, alkol\u00fcn ve uyu\u015fturucunun ezgisi olarak tarihteki yerini almak \u00fczeredir. Evangelia bu ezgilerin geldi\u011fi her kap\u0131ya kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dayar. Megaron soka\u011f\u0131 50 numarada annesi ve karde\u015fleri ile ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 evde bu ka\u00e7amaklar\u0131 aileyi tedirgin eder. Mahalleli her g\u00fcn g\u00fczelle\u015fen gen\u00e7 Evangelia\u2019y\u0131 endi\u015fe ile izler. K\u00f6t\u00fc yollara d\u00fc\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in k\u0131sa vakitte evlendirilmesinin en do\u011frusu olaca\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirir. 1939\u2019da\u00a0 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken Evangelia Kokkinia\u2019da bir \u00e7ilingir d\u00fckkan\u0131 olan Hayg Mesropyan ile apar topar evlendirilir. 1940\u2019ta o\u011fullar\u0131 Ohannes do\u011far. Ancak evlilik y\u00fcr\u00fcmez. Be\u015f y\u0131la kalmadan ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. 1946\u2019da Ohannes Pire liman\u0131ndan kalkan gemi ile Batum \u00fczerinden Ermenistan\u2019a gider. Ancak Evangelia ile Hayg hi\u00e7 bir zaman bo\u015fanmazlar. Ohannes annesi ile birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Hayg ise Ermenistan\u2019da yeni bir aile kurup be\u015f \u00e7ocuk sahibi olur.<\/p>\n Evangelia 1944 senesinden beri tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nino lakapl\u0131 cambaz Nikos Nikolaidis ile 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Nikolaidis Salamina liman\u0131nda denizcilere g\u00f6steriler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Evangelia \u00f6nce kasiyerlik yapar, sonra \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flar. Bu geli\u015fme sanat\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7ifte \u201cDuo Nino\u201d ad\u0131 ile yeni bir kariyer yarat\u0131r. 1947\u2019de Evangelia\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu da gruba kat\u0131l\u0131r ve \u201c\u0130kibu\u00e7uk Nino\u201d \u015fov do\u011far. Evangelia hayat\u0131n\u0131n bu d\u00f6neminde Niko ile evlenir. Zaman\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn olan Salamina donanma karargah\u0131n\u0131n amirali bir seferinde Evangelia\u2019dan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bir \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesini ister. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 biraz korku, biraz teredd\u00fctle annesinden duydu\u011fu bir \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek efsanevi kariyerine o g\u00fcn ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 atar. \u015eark\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yledir (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I78t_GooEVI<\/a>) :<\/p>\n \u2018\u00c7\u0131kar y\u00fccelerden haber sorar\u0131m<\/p>\n Solarken da\u011flar\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f yald\u0131z\u0131<\/p>\n Bilmem neredeyim neyi arar\u0131m<\/p>\n Bu da\u011flar i\u00e7inde bir \u00e7oban k\u0131z\u0131<\/p>\n Derim neden yoksul gezdi\u011fim ba\u011flar<\/p>\n Yok mu bu ellerde benimle a\u011flar<\/p>\n Sesime ses verin dumanl\u0131 da\u011flar<\/p>\n Derdime e\u015f olur bir \u00e7oban y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019<\/p>\n Gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n yetene\u011fi tesad\u00fcfen orada bulunan Petros Kiriakos\u2019un(1899 \u2013 1984 senelerinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Yunanl\u0131 akt\u00f6r ve \u015fark\u0131c\u0131) ilgisini \u00e7eker. Petros Evangelia\u2019y\u0131 yap\u0131mc\u0131 Manolis Hiotis ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131 Evangelia\u2019y\u0131 ilk ta\u015f pla\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131lar: \u00a0\u038f\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9 \u201csaatlerce gizliden sana bak\u0131yorum\u201d (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wytmm0ea-mg<\/a>). Ard\u0131ndan \u0398\u03b1 \u03c3\u2019 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u201csana s\u0131rr\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6yleyece\u011fim\u201d\u00a0 (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bPmhm7j_jTE<\/a>). Bunlar Evangelia\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fczik d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ad\u0131m att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eark\u0131c\u0131ya yeni bir isim gereklidir. Marika ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tiyatro y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Marika Kotopouli\u2019ye hayran olan Nino\u2019nun tiyatrocu annesi verir. Soyad\u0131 ise cambaz e\u015fi Niko\u2019dan gelir. B\u00f6ylece Evangelia Atamyan olur Marika Ninu.<\/p>\n \u0130lerleyen senelerde Marika Ninu Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f rebetiko va laiko (halk m\u00fczi\u011fi) sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir numaraya y\u00fckselir. Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 \u0130zmirli b\u00fcy\u00fck sanat\u00e7\u0131 Roza Eskenazi\u2019nin deste\u011fiyle Allilovoithia M\u00fczisyenler birli\u011fi ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra birli\u011fin kurucular\u0131ndan Vassilis Tsitsanis ile birlikte kay\u0131tlar yapmaya ba\u015flarlar.<\/p>\n Marika Ninu Tsitsanis ile parlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanat hayat\u0131nda Yorgos Mitsakis, Yannis Papaioannou, Apostolos Kaldaras, Yerasimos Klouvatos, Apostolos Hacihristos, Kostas Kaplanis ve di\u011fer sanat\u00e7\u0131larla da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak Vassilis Tsitsanis ile olan i\u015fbirli\u011fi, rebetiko tarihinin en unutulmaz sayfas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ekim 1951\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da Tsitsanis ve Margaroni ile birlikte sahneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kazablanka gazinosundaki efsane gecelerde Tsitsanis\u2019in gecede ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fccret 3 alt\u0131n lira iken, Marika\u2019n\u0131nki 2, Margaro\u2019nun ise 1 lirad\u0131r. Toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar ile Marika ailesine Egaleo y\u00f6resinde yeni bir ev in\u015fa eder.<\/p>\n 1954\u2019te \u00f6nce erkek karde\u015fi Barkev\u2019in, ard\u0131ndan kendisinin kanser oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l iki ama\u00e7la Amerika\u2019da konser turnelerine \u00e7\u0131kmaya karar verir: \u0130lk ama\u00e7 turnenin geliriyle karde\u015finin d\u00f6rt ki\u015filik ailesine destek vermek, ikincisi kendi sa\u011fl\u0131k problemlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in Amerika\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni y\u00f6ntemleri denemektir. Zor bir hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fayan Marika en son 1956\u2019da Amerika turnesine gider.<\/p>\n Sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k kay\u0131t deneyimine sahip olan sanat\u00e7\u0131 23 \u015eubat 1957\u2019de kansere yenilip vefat eder. \u0130ste\u011fi \u00fczerine, 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat eden karde\u015fi Barkev\u2019in yan\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr. Defnedildikleri Shistos Koridalos mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonraki y\u0131llarda yo\u011fun bir sanayile\u015fme ku\u015fatmas\u0131 alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. \u0130ki karde\u015fin mezarlar\u0131 bilinmeyen bir tarihte ortadan kaybolur. Geriye bug\u00fcne ne bir iz, ne bir kemik kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vasilis Tsitsanis, ilham perisi Marika\u2019n\u0131n cenazesine kat\u0131lmaz. \u0130kilinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fak a\u015fk sanat \u00e7evrelerinin dilindedir. Ninu ilk Amerika turundan Yunanistan\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Tsitsanis ile sadece bir kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.1956 Noelinde bir Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc Tsitsanis sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Egaleo\u2019daki evini ziyaret eder. Marika\u2019n\u0131n Tsitsanis\u2019e son s\u00f6zleri \u201cBir y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi ya\u015fad\u0131m\u201d, 21 Mart 1961\u2019de Tsitsanis\u2019in perisi i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 son \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n ilk m\u0131sralar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r \u201cPazar g\u00fcn\u00fc seni tan\u0131d\u0131m, Pazar kaybediyorum, \u00f6lece\u011fim g\u00fcn de bir Pazar olsun, Bir y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi ya\u015fad\u0131n ve kayboldun\u201d. B\u00fcy\u00fck rebetin Marika\u2019ya elveda ve \u00f6z\u00fcr\u00fc olan bu \u015fark\u0131 da, rebetiko tarihinde yerini alacakt\u0131r. (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wmqJs3UtZQg<\/a>)<\/p>\n Marika Ninu\u2019nun son yolculu\u011fu, y\u00f6netmen Kostas Ferris\u2019in sinema perdelerine yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sotiria Leonardu\u2019nun ba\u015f rolde Marika\u2019y\u0131 oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Rebetiko<\/em>\u00a0(1983) filmindeki gibi olmad\u0131. (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aiucjWzxx44<\/a>). Filmin mezarl\u0131k sahnesine Kokkinia ve Anadolu\u2019dan do\u011fan a\u011f\u0131tlar, \u201ckafe aman\u201dlar damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurur. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada olanlar farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Marika \u00e7ok yak\u0131n cevresi ve aile fertleri taraf\u0131ndan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda korosunda ilahi okudu\u011fu Surp Hagoplar kilisesinin papaz\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan topra\u011fa verilir.<\/p>\n