{"id":56318,"date":"2020-01-08T02:12:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-08T07:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56318"},"modified":"2020-01-08T02:12:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-08T07:12:31","slug":"istanbulun-irgatlari-kitap-yorumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56318","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul\u2019un Irgatlar\u0131: Kitap Yorumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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NES\u0130 ALTARAS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn \u2018normal\u2019 hatta \u2018hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u2019 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hafta sonu tatili, sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok kurum ve anlay\u0131\u015f asl\u0131nda zorla ve son y\u00fcz senede elde edilmi\u015f kazan\u0131mlard\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri de bu haklar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in sendikalarda ve sosyalist kurumlarda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ve grevler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak maalesef Osmanl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda ge\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ve sosyalist hareket unutulmu\u015f veya unutturulmu\u015ftur. Stefo Benlisoy\u2019un 2018\u2019de \u0130stos Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019un Irgatlar\u0131: II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019te Sosyalist Bir \u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u015fte bu unutturulmu\u015f tarihin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki akt\u00f6rlerini, fikirlerini ve aksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin sosyalist gazetelerinden\u00a0Ergatis\u2019e odaklanarak g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Bunu yaparken farkl\u0131 ulusal i\u015f\u00e7i hareketlerinin tarihinde Bulgaristan, Yunanistan sosyalizminin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan hareketi tarihsel ba\u011flama yerle\u015ftiriyor ve Osmanl\u0131 sosyalizminin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da yay\u0131lan sosyalist fikirler, \u00f6zellikle Marks\u2019tan sonra Balkan Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ve ard\u0131ndan imparatorlu\u011fun farkl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerinde yank\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a do\u011fru hareket eden sosyalist fikirlerin fiziksel yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve Avrupa dillerini bilmeleri sayesinde \u00f6nce Bosna, Bulgaristan ve Trakya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinde, ard\u0131ndan tabii olarak imparatorluk ba\u015fkenti \u0130stanbul\u2019da, en a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rumlar ve ard\u0131ndan Yahudiler ve Ermeniler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benlisoy\u2019un okuruna a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Selanik ve \u0130stanbul gibi h\u0131zla sanayile\u015fen ve bu \u015fekilde kapitalistle\u015fen Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok dilliydi. Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan ilhak edilene kadar n\u00fcfusunun neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 Yahudilerden olu\u015fan Selanik\u2019te sosyalist sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bu toplumdan Avraam Benaroya liderli\u011findeydi ve ulusal \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin bir konfederasyonu olarak planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Farkl\u0131 ulusal i\u015f\u00e7i gruplar\u0131 bir araya geliyor ve Selanik Sosyalist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Federasyonu\u2019nu olu\u015fturuyordu. Benaroya bu modeli sadece \u015fehir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00e7ok kimlikli bir Osmanl\u0131 demokrasisi i\u00e7in de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Benlisoy\u2019un as\u0131l oda\u011f\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye Sosyalist Merkezi adl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bel kemi\u011fini olu\u015fturan Rumlardan olu\u015fuyordu. TSM de \u00e7ok kimlikli yap\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda bir Osmanc\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcd\u00fcyor ancak konfedere \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek yerine tek bir y\u00f6netimi tercih ediyordu. TSM\u2019nin 11 ki\u015filik y\u00f6netiminde 4 Rum, 1 Yahudi, 2 Ermeni, 2 Bulgar ve 2 T\u00fcrk vard\u0131. \u00d6yle ki \u0130stanbul\u2019un ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fczlerce i\u015f\u00e7i topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kad\u0131n ve erkek i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan grevden kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal konumuna T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Ermenice, Ladino ve Yunanca konu\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Benlisoy 34). Benlisoy\u2019un birincil kayna\u011f\u0131 olan\u00a0Ergatis<\/em>\u00a0gazetesi TSM\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131yd\u0131: gazete halk Yunancas\u0131nda (dimotik) ve Ekim 1910 itibariyle\u00a0El Laborador<\/em>\u00a0ad\u0131yla Ladino olarak yay\u0131nlan\u0131yordu (Benlisoy 20, 44).\u00a0El Laborador<\/em>\u2019un yay\u0131n kurulu Saoul, Vitali ve Tevfik Nureddin\u2019den olu\u015fuyordu ve Benaroya\u2019n\u0131n Selanik\u2019teki yay\u0131n\u0131 ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7indeydi. B\u00f6ylece i\u015f\u00e7i hareketini ilgilendiren, sosyalist hareketin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 basit bir dille i\u015f\u00e7ilere yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu yay\u0131n sadece bir ulusal grupla s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Konfedere yap\u0131lanmayarak birle\u015fik bir Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015fa sahip olan TSM sosyalizmi Yunan, Bulgar ve Ermeni milliyet\u00e7ilerinin sinirine hedef oluyor.\u00a0Ergatis\u00a0<\/em>i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na dilsel ve dinsel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kapitalistler taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 b\u00f6lmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, konu \u00e7\u0131kara geldi\u011finde patronlar\u0131n ortak dil veya din umursamaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ece\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. Merkezin ad\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye olu\u015fu da Cumhuriyet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde farkl\u0131 kimliklerden Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde birle\u015ftiklerini, kendilerini bu \u015fekilde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini, belki de bir proto-T\u00fcrkiyeli fikrini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

1910 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki grev dalgas\u0131nda TSM ve\u00a0Ergatis<\/em>\u00a0etkin rol oynuyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00f6rg\u00fct sadece e\u011fitimlilerin sosyalizmden bahsetti\u011fi bir kul\u00fcp veya i\u015f\u00e7ilere ders \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi bir Leninist yay\u0131n de\u011fil: \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck sorunlar\u0131yla, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili ve farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde sendikala\u015fma hareketinde \u00f6nc\u00fc konumda. TSM terzi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, \u015femsiye i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, madencilerin, ceket i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin sendikala\u015fma ve grevle hak kazanmas\u0131nda liderlik ediyor. Bu sekt\u00f6rlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rum, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda Yahudi ve neredeyse t\u00fcm dilsel gruplardan i\u015f\u00e7iler var. Sekt\u00f6rlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda patronlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rum veya Ermeni, ancak bu sosyalist TSM\u2019nin patronlara kar\u015f\u0131 pozisyonunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor. Eski \u0130stanbul nostaljisinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla Bomontiler\u2019in fabrikas\u0131 veya sermayedar ba\u015fka Ermeni veya Rum hat\u0131rlan\u0131rken onlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u00fczlerce i\u015f\u00e7i Ermeni, Rum, Bulgar, Yahudi unutuluyor. Bu unutma hem \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131klar zengindir\u2019 gibi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 fikirlerden hem de \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u2019 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olamayacak kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Benlisoy\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 iki yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 da d\u00fczeltir nitelikte.<\/p>\n

Benlisoy\u2019un \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7eve okura 1908-1913 d\u00f6nemindeki siyasi ortam\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f resmi tarihten olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun sona erece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek bir yana, \u0130stanbul\u2019da sosyalist i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin oda\u011f\u0131ndaki Rum, Yahudi, Bulgar, Ermeni, T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt ve Araplar Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 olma fikrinin ve bu vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n garanti etti\u011fi haklar \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fma gereklili\u011finin fark\u0131ndalar. 1908\u2019de anayasan\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kutlayan sosyalistler kendilerini hem patron hem de devlet kurumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 anayasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve cemiyet kurma haklar\u0131 ile savunuyor. \u0130stibdat d\u00f6neminin hemen ard\u0131ndan yay\u0131m hayat\u0131na ba\u015flayan\u00a0Ergatis<\/em>\u00a0Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019daki g\u00fcndemi takip ediyor, parti ve mebuslar\u0131n duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bazen sert\u00e7e ele\u015ftiriyor. Almanya\u2019da, Fransa\u2019da veya \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclen siyasal ak\u0131mlar\u0131 (liberaller, milliyet\u00e7iler, sosyalistler), bas\u0131nda ele\u015ftiri tarz\u0131n\u0131, sendikala\u015fma ve grev \u015feklini, programl\u0131 sosyal demokratik reformist ve anarko-sendikalist olu\u015fumlar\u0131 Benlisoy\u2019un\u00a0Ergatis<\/em>\u00a0arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 pencereden g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Kitab\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi gibi Benlisoy Osmanl\u0131\u2019da 1914\u2019ten itibaren ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tersine Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n o tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir alternatifi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kalabal\u0131k bir grup oldu\u011funu ba\u015far\u0131yla okura g\u00f6steriyor. Okura \u2018ne olabilirdi?\u2019 sorusunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrt\u00fcyor ve determinist bir tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hatas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Benlisoy feminizmden Yunanca dil siyasetine, ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ele\u015ftirisinden Venizelizm\u2019e Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezindeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, \u00f6zellikle Rum i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, bir\u00e7ok konusuna k\u0131sa ve okunakl\u0131 bir kitapta topluyor.\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019un Irgatlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019ndaki en belirgin eksiklik ise detayl\u0131 bir dizin. Yahudilerin \u0130stanbul i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sosyalist-sendikal hareketteki pozisyonlar\u0131 da kitap boyunca belirtiliyor ancak Yahudilerin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00f6nc\u00fc rol\u00fcn\u00fcn n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olduklar\u0131 Selanik\u2019te oldu\u011fu da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Benlisoy bu k\u0131sa kitapta okura Osmanl\u0131 sosyalist hareketi hakk\u0131nda derin bilgi veriyor, ama as\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu bilgiler \u00fczerinden Osmanl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve toplumundaki de\u011fi\u015fim ve dinamizm \u00fczerine bilgelik, yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015f vermek.<\/p>\n

Avlaremoz\u2019un resmi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yoktur. Yay\u0131mlanan yaz\u0131lar, yaz\u0131 sahibinin kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleridir. \u00c7ok sesli bir platform olma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Avlaremoz\u2019da, nefret s\u00f6ylemi i\u00e7ermedik\u00e7e, farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler kendisine yer bulmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.avlaremoz.com\/2020\/01\/07\/istanbulun-irgatlari-kitap-yorumu-nesi-altaras\/<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NES\u0130 ALTARAS Bug\u00fcn \u2018normal\u2019 hatta \u2018hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u2019 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hafta sonu tatili, sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok kurum ve anlay\u0131\u015f asl\u0131nda zorla ve son y\u00fcz senede elde edilmi\u015f kazan\u0131mlard\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri de bu haklar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in sendikalarda ve sosyalist kurumlarda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f ve grevler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak maalesef […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":56319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130stanbul\u2019un Irgatlar\u0131: Kitap Yorumu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56318\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130stanbul\u2019un Irgatlar\u0131: Kitap Yorumu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NES\u0130 ALTARAS Bug\u00fcn \u2018normal\u2019 hatta \u2018hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u2019 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hafta sonu tatili, sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok kurum ve anlay\u0131\u015f asl\u0131nda zorla ve son y\u00fcz senede elde edilmi\u015f kazan\u0131mlard\u0131r. 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