{"id":56255,"date":"2019-12-25T06:53:27","date_gmt":"2019-12-25T11:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56255"},"modified":"2019-12-25T06:53:27","modified_gmt":"2019-12-25T11:53:27","slug":"mezopotamyanin-solan-gulleri-keldaniler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56255","title":{"rendered":"Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n Solan G\u00fclleri: Keldaniler"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Ermeniler, Yahudiler, Nasturiler, S\u00fcryaniler gibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden on binlerce Keldani, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015fti. Bu topraklar\u0131n solan g\u00fcllerinden say\u0131lan Keldanilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sur il\u00e7esinde bulunan kaderine terk edilmi\u015f Mar Petyun Keldani Katolik Kilisesi ve baharat\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6r Yusuf ad\u0131yla biliyoruz sadece.<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n

Ahmet S\u00fcnb\u00fcl\/Yaz\u0131 Dizi (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Ekspres\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Binlerce y\u0131l Mezopotamya\u2019da bir arada ya\u015fayan de\u011fi\u015fik etnik ve mezhebe ba\u011fl\u0131 halklar uzun y\u0131llar bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131. Halklar, Milattan Sonra 1. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren dini ve mezhepsel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nedeniyle birbirine sald\u0131r\u0131rken, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015flar\u0131nda birbirine d\u00fc\u015fman edildi. Bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda Asuri k\u00f6kenli olan Keldaniler de y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler, Yahudiler, Nasturiler, S\u00fcryaniler gibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden on binlerce Keldani, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015fti. \u0130ran, Irak ve Suriye\u2019de halen belli bir n\u00fcfusa sahip olsalar da Keldaniler bu topraklar\u0131n solan g\u00fcllerinden say\u0131l\u0131yor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Keldanilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak Sur il\u00e7esinde bulunan kaderine terk edilmi\u015f Mar Petyun Keldani Katolik Kilisesi ve baharat\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6r Yusuf ad\u0131yla biliyoruz sadece.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 dini bir az\u0131nl\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ana vatanlar\u0131 Mezopotamya olan Katolik Keldaniler, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k\u2019ta ya\u015fanan mezhepsel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nedeniyle Asurilerden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Asuri-Keldani halk\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk d\u00f6neminden beri bu inanc\u0131 benimsemi\u015ftir. Uzun y\u0131llar Diyarbak\u0131r, Siirt, Mardin, \u015e\u0131rnak ve Hakkari b\u00f6lgelerinde kendi i\u00e7ine kapan\u0131k bir dini az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak ya\u015fayan Keldaniler, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonras\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

On binlercesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi terk etti<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Keldaniler, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 problemler, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7eteler, soygunlar, k\u0131z ka\u00e7\u0131rma olaylar\u0131 ve tehditler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda haklar\u0131n\u0131 arayamamalar\u0131 neticesinde g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

On binlerce Keldani\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, bundan 40 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bo\u015falt\u0131lan Keldani k\u00f6ylerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu, yerel a\u015firetler taraf\u0131ndan ya i\u015fgal edildi, ya da bir daha d\u00f6nmemeleri i\u00e7in tahrip edildi. Arazileri b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

En yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 Fransa ve Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi terk eden Keldanilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Fransa ve Bel\u00e7ika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Almanya ve Hollanda\u2019ya yerle\u015fti. Bug\u00fcn Paris\u2019in kuzeyinde yer alan Sarcelle, Arnouville ve Gonessekasabalar\u0131nda\u00a0 20\u00a0 bin kadar T\u00fcrkiyeli Keldani ya\u015famakta. Paris\u2019teki Keldani toplumundan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama bir o kadar da \u00f6nemli bir cemaat Bel\u00e7ika\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Br\u00fcksel\u2019de bulunuyor. Buradaki T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6kenli Keldanilerin say\u0131s\u0131 10 bin ki\u015fi kadar. Irak, \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Keldaniler ise legal ya da ka\u00e7ak yollardan Avrupa\u2019ya giderek kendilerini m\u00fclteci olarak kabul eden Kanada, Amerika ve Avustralya gibi \u00fclkelere gidiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Sald\u0131r\u0131lara u\u011frad\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n yerli halklar\u0131ndan olan Asuriler, 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsedikten sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli mezheplere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fler ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u0130slam dininin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7o\u011fu bu yeni dine ge\u00e7mi\u015f, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhafaza edenler ise, \u00e7evrelerini ku\u015fatan farkl\u0131 dine mensup kesimlerin ve a\u015firetlerin s\u00fcrekli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na hedef olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmediler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n yerlisi olan Asuriler, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Roma imparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve resmi din haline geldi\u011fi 378 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra bu dini benimsediler. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n benimsenmesiyle birlikte, merkez olarak Roma, \u0130stanbul, \u0130skenderiye ve Antakya\u2019da Partikhaneler a\u00e7\u0131larak bu dinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Ancak Roma patrikli\u011finin kendisini b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n babas\u0131 (Papa) olarak ilan etmesi, di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 Patrikhane ile aralar\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015fanmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Patrikhaneler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

395 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcnce, \u0130stanbul Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti oldu. Bu geli\u015fmeyle a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artan Patrikhane, Do\u011fu Avrupa, Balkanlar ve Anadolu\u2019da etkinlik kazand\u0131. \u0130skenderiye\u2019deki patrikhane eski M\u0131s\u0131r dininin, Antakya\u2019daki patrikhane ise, eski \u00d6n-Asya dinlerinin dogma ve rit\u00fcellerinin etkisi alt\u0131nda mistik y\u00f6nleri a\u011f\u0131r basan bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 kiliseler olu\u015ftu<\/strong><\/p>\n

476 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca, d\u00f6rt Patrikhanenin birbirleriyle olan ba\u011flar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle koptu ve her biri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birer kilise haline geldi. Roma Katolik Kilisesi, \u00e7\u00f6ken Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun yerini dolduracak siyasi bir otorite olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, hem dinsel, hem de y\u00f6netsel olarak Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n merkezi g\u00fcc\u00fc haline geldi. Papa, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilerine sahip oldu. Do\u011fu Ortodoks Kilisesi ya da Yunan Ortodoks Kilisesi diye an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Patrikhane, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun siyasi otoritesinin g\u00f6lgesinde geli\u015fti. Antakya Patrikhanesi de S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Asuri\/S\u00fcryaniler ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019da Gregoryen Kilisesi, L\u00fcbnan\u2019da Maruni Kilisesi, \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019ta ise Nesturi Kiliseleri kuruldu. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda iki kez mezhep b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine maruz kald\u0131lar. Bizans\u2019\u0131n etkisiyle, Antakya\u2019daki S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi kurulu\u015fundan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Do\u011fu\u2019da ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Do\u011fu Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019ne ba\u011flan\u0131rken,\u00a0 kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bunlara Yakubi (Suriye Ortodokslar\u0131) dendi.<\/p>\n

Nesturili\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asuriler aras\u0131nda mezhepsel olarak sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ise \u0130ran ve Irak\u2019ta ya\u015fayan Do\u011fu S\u00fcryanilerin Patrik Nestorius\u2019un \u00f6\u011fretilerin ibenimseyerek Nesturi Kilisesi kurmas\u0131yla son buldu.\u00a0 Patrik Nestorius, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n hem insani, hem de tanr\u0131sal cevheri ayn\u0131 bedensel ve ruhsal varl\u0131kta b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftiren tek bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki geleneksel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n, biri insani, di\u011feri ilahi olmak \u00fczere iki ayr\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fi oldu\u011funu savunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Sapk\u0131n ilan edildi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalara son vermek \u00fczere Ek\u00fcmenik Konsey 431 y\u0131l\u0131nda Efes\u2019te topland\u0131. Patrik Nestorius, Efes Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri nedeniyle \u201csapk\u0131n\u201d ilan edildi ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Patrik Nestorius\u2019un taraftarlar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Urfa b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlendiler ve T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak\u2019ta\u00a0 g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek Nesturi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini yayd\u0131lar.\u00a0 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde Do\u011fu Asurileri \/S\u00fcryanilerinin tamam\u0131 Nesturili\u011fi benimsemi\u015fti. Art\u0131k, Bat\u0131 Asurilerine\/S\u00fcryanilerine Yakubi, Do\u011fu Asurilerine\/S\u00fcryanilerine Nesturi deniliyordu.<\/p>\n

Din de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye zorland\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu gibi, Asurilerin\/S\u00fcryanilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler de \u0130slam dininin yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdi. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmeye zorland\u0131. Ancak dinlerini muhafaza edebilenler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar halinde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0 topraklar, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda H\u00fclag\u00fc Han\u2019\u0131n, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Timur\u2019un i\u015fgaline u\u011frad\u0131. Kendileri da\u011flara ka\u00e7arak canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131larsa da, kilise altyap\u0131lar\u0131 ve dinsel \u00f6rg\u00fctleri b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Asuri\/S\u00fcryaniler bir arada tutan dinsel ba\u011f zay\u0131flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki Patriklik taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildiler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asurilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 gerek dini bask\u0131lar ve gerek b\u00f6lgelerinde iktidar olan devletlerin bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla Roma Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin koruyuculu\u011fu alt\u0131na girmeyi kabul ettiler. Bunun i\u00e7in de 1551 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nesturi Kilisesi\u2019nden ayr\u0131larak, Papa\u2019n\u0131n otoritesini yani Katolikli\u011fi kabul etti. Nesturilikten Katolikli\u011fe ge\u00e7enlere Keldani dendi. Keldaniler bir s\u00fcre sonra kendi patriklerini (Mar \u015eimun) se\u00e7tiler. 1662\u2019den itibaren ise, Roma\u2019daki Papa taraf\u0131ndan atanan ve Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapan Patrik taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilme\u011fe ba\u015fland\u0131lar. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019daki Patrikhane, Keldani Katolik Kilisesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. (S\u00fcrecek)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.guneydoguekspres.com\/genel\/mezopotamya-nin-solan-gulleri-keldaniler-h9484.html<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ermeniler, Yahudiler, Nasturiler, S\u00fcryaniler gibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden on binlerce Keldani, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015fti. Bu topraklar\u0131n solan g\u00fcllerinden say\u0131lan Keldanilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sur il\u00e7esinde bulunan kaderine terk edilmi\u015f Mar Petyun Keldani Katolik Kilisesi ve baharat\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6r Yusuf ad\u0131yla biliyoruz sadece. Ahmet S\u00fcnb\u00fcl\/Yaz\u0131 Dizi (1) G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Ekspres\u00a0Diyarbak\u0131r\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 Binlerce y\u0131l Mezopotamya\u2019da bir arada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":56256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nMezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n Solan G\u00fclleri: Keldaniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=56255\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n Solan G\u00fclleri: Keldaniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ermeniler, Yahudiler, Nasturiler, S\u00fcryaniler gibi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk eden on binlerce Keldani, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015fti. Bu topraklar\u0131n solan g\u00fcllerinden say\u0131lan Keldanilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sur il\u00e7esinde bulunan kaderine terk edilmi\u015f Mar Petyun Keldani Katolik Kilisesi ve baharat\u00e7\u0131 K\u00f6r Yusuf ad\u0131yla biliyoruz sadece. 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