{"id":55887,"date":"2019-11-29T06:37:18","date_gmt":"2019-11-29T11:37:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55887"},"modified":"2019-11-29T06:37:18","modified_gmt":"2019-11-29T11:37:18","slug":"dersim-soykirimi-ve-kotulugun-siradanligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55887","title":{"rendered":"Dersim Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve \u2018K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn S\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Almanya\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcren tarih\u00e7i Zeynep T\u00fcrky\u0131lmaz Dersim\u2019de 1938\u2019te devlet eliyle ya\u015fat\u0131lan vah\u015fete dair \u00f6nemli bir belgeyi payla\u015f\u0131yor. Harekata kat\u0131lan bir askerin g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar, hem 1938\u2019te neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hem de bu vah\u015fetin kimi askerlerce nas\u0131l da duygusuz bi\u00e7imde icra edildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

ZEYNEP T\u00dcRKYILMAZ*<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c9 Eyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nAh bug\u00fcn \u0130zmir\u2019de olsayd\u0131m.\u00a0 Halbuki da\u011f ba\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a0<\/em>
\nHep o\u2026.\u00a0 X\u00a0<\/em>
\nBug\u00fcn de da\u011flar\u0131 ormanlar\u0131 tarayarak ovaya\u00a0 geldik. Bizim b\u00f6l\u00fck \u015eam U\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 ba\u015f\u0131 olan \u015eeytan Ali\u2019nin kafas\u0131n\u0131 ve bir \u00e7ok daha insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek hepsinin kafas\u0131n\u0131 getirdi. \u015eimdi bizim b\u00f6l\u00fck \u00e7ok g\u00f6zde, b\u00fct\u00fcn zab\u0131tlar kahraman b\u00f6l\u00fck diyorlar. Ali Galip Pa\u015fa bizim b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn g\u00f6zlerinden \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc telefonla s\u00f6yledi. Geceyi Ovac\u0131k\u2019\u0131n bir saat ilerisinde ge\u00e7irdik. Yine \u00e7ok yorgunuz\u2026.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Dersim Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131 \u015fu ana\u00a0 kadar g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz bir a\u00e7\u0131dan\u00a0 anlatan bu vurucu sat\u0131rlar, Atat\u00fcrk Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 yak\u0131n zamanda internet \u00fczerinden kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dijital kaynaklar aras\u0131nda bulunan, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir hat\u0131rattan al\u0131nma. Zorunlu askerli\u011fini\u00a0 yapmakta olan bir asker taraf\u0131ndan, bizim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n Ece Ajandas\u0131 diye bildi\u011fi, eski ad\u0131yla Ece muht\u0131ra defterine\u00a0 27 Temmuz ile 25 Eyl\u00fcl aras\u0131nda\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131ca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f notlardan sadece birisi. Bazen bir, bazense birka\u00e7\u00a0 farkl\u0131 seferde \u00e7abucak karalanan, ancak her g\u00fcn d\u00fczenli olarak tutulan bu hat\u0131rat,\u00a0 Dersim\u2019de ya\u015fanan vah\u015feti ilk defa emir komuta zinciri i\u00e7indeki uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n perspektifinden, araya zaman girmeden, s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na anlat\u0131yor.
\n9 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc yaz\u0131lan, \u201c\u00c7ok can\u0131m s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor\u00a0 biraz soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m,\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle ba\u015fl\u0131yor\u00a0 bu g\u00fcnl\u00fck notlar. Ondan \u00f6nceki birka\u00e7 sayfa y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, ancak kim taraf\u0131ndan ve ne sebeple y\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mu\u011flak. Kesin olmasa da isminin Yusuf Kenan Ak\u0131m oldu\u011funu tahmin etti\u011fimiz bu Samsunlu gencin ne mesle\u011fini, ne e\u011fitimini ne de neyi sevip sevmedi\u011fini biliyoruz. Annesi babas\u0131 karde\u015fleri ve birka\u00e7 iyi arkada\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniyoruz notlardan. Hat\u0131ralar askere gitmeyi beklerken ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi, bo\u015f zaman\u0131n bol oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Ara s\u0131ra sinemaya ve konsere gitti\u011fini, roman okudu\u011funu, arkada\u015flar\u0131na, akrabalar\u0131na\u00a0 ille de sevgilisi Nedime\u2019ye bol bol mektup\u00a0 ve kart\u00a0 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini biliyoruz. Kendine dair son derece az detay bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu hat\u0131rata, yazar\u0131n\u0131n Nedime adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131na olan yo\u011fun, \u015f\u00fcpheci ve\u00a0 bazen de saplant\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk, damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuruyor.\u00a0 Hemen her g\u00fcn\u00a0 en az bir kez, \u2018Nedimem\u2019,\u00a0 bazen de kod ad\u0131yla \u2018X\u2019, ya da \u2018hain\u2019 diye seslendi\u011fi sevgilisine \u00f6zlemini,\u00a0 hasretini,\u00a0 k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6fkesini, ve \u015f\u00fcphesini not ediyor.\u00a0 Belki de bu hat\u0131rat\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar, hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda unutulmayan, de\u011fi\u015fmeyen tek \u015fey Nedime\u2019ye duydu\u011fu yo\u011fun hisleri ifade etme ihtiyac\u0131\u00a0 ve ondan gelen ya da gelmeyen\u00a0 cevab\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruh halinin kayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dersim\u2019e gidi\u015f<\/strong>
\nG\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yazar\u0131 27 Nisan 1938\u2019de askerli\u011fin acemilik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere Amasya\u2019ya gider. Bu d\u00f6nemdeki notlar yeni ortama al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131,\u00a0 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Nedime\u2019ye olan \u00f6zlemi ve ona dair endi\u015feleriyle dolu.\u00a0 Bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 hislerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 izinleri, k\u0131sa da olsa Samsun\u2019a gidi\u015fi,\u00a0 Nedime\u2019yi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve komutanlar\u0131yla olan iyi ili\u015fkilerinden de bahseder. Birinci ay\u0131n sonunda, 28 May\u0131s\u2019ta 56. Alay olarak yemin t\u00f6renini ifa ederler. 27 Temmuz\u2019da ise\u00a0 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u2018Alayca Hareket\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atar ve alt\u0131na\u00a0 Amasya\u2019dan trene binmeyi beklediklerini yazd\u0131ktan sonra, \u2018Beni\u00a0 silahs\u0131z s\u0131hhiyeci olarak ay\u0131rd\u0131lar,\u2019 diye belirtir.\u00a0 30 Temmuz\u2019da ilk olarak hareketlerinin Dersim\u2019e oldu\u011funu yazar: \u2018Dersim Da\u011f\u0131, F\u0131rat nehri kenar\u0131nday\u0131z. Bug\u00fcn yine arkada\u015flarla F\u0131rat nehri kenar\u0131nda resim ald\u0131rd\u0131k.\u2019\u00a0 K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da Altunovas\u0131 Manevras\u0131 diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dersim tarama operasyonuna\u00a0 dahil edildikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0 25 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e kadar Dersim\u2019de ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki ay\u00a0 boyunca da\u011flarda ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zamanlara, yapt\u0131klar\u0131na ve tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131na dair notlar tutar. Notlar, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mla g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi askerlik dairesindeki deneyimleriyle devam eder.\u00a0 Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na dair yazd\u0131klar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nerken, ailevi meseleler, Amerika\u2019dan gelen milyoner halazade, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn\u00a0 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 m\u00fcteakip \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131k\u00e7a yer al\u0131r.\u00a0 Hat\u0131rat k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 31 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, sevgilisi Nedime\u2019ye adanan \u015fu romantik notla sonland\u0131r\u0131r.
\n\u201cX yok yok….\u00a0<\/em>
\nX…. Derler ki \u00f6l\u00fcm var. Yine diyorlar ki \u00f6lmeyen \u015feyler var. Ben ikisine de inan\u0131yorum. \u00d6l\u00fcm maddedir. Ve ya\u015fayan sevgidir. Burada \u00f6len maddenin kemikleri ve ya\u015fayan sevginin ruhu yat\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/em>
\nBu muht\u0131ra aras\u0131nda bir t\u00fcrbe ve saray, X….\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6zeti<\/strong>
\nAjandan\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131nda ise gelir gider kayd\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcme, \u2018Bu ayda do\u011fanlar\u2019\u00a0 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda k\u0131z ve erkek isimleri yazar, ve bu aylarda do\u011fanlara dair horoskoptan al\u0131nma karakter tahlilleri ekler. Geri kalan sayfalarda k\u0131sa bir gelir\u00a0 gider hesab\u0131ndan sonra y\u0131l\u0131n hulasas\u0131na dair notlar tutar.
\n\u201cTemmuz:<\/em>
\n27 Temmuz 938de Dersime, K\u00fcrt \u00fcst\u00fcne\u00a0 hareket ettik<\/em>
\nA\u011fustos:<\/em>
\nBu ay\u0131 da Dersimde ge\u00e7irdik, \u00e7ok izdirap \u00e7ektik<\/em>
\nEyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nYine Dersimdeyiz. Elaz\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck. Da\u011flar\u0131 tar\u0131yoruz\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Sars\u0131c\u0131 bir metin<\/strong>
\nOsmanl\u0131- T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda s\u0131radan hayatlara dair hat\u0131ratlarla \u00e7ok nadir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in bu defter tarih\u00e7ilerin geneli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0 sundu\u011fu\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131 itibariyle k\u0131ymetli bir kaynak\u00a0 t\u00fcr\u00fc. Ancak Dersim meselesi \u00f6zelinde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise,\u00a0 bu hat\u0131rat ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n hali haz\u0131rda bildi\u011fi ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel olarak \u00fcretti\u011fi Dersim 1938 anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmakla kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda ona radikal bir m\u00fcdahale imkan\u0131 da sa\u011fl\u0131yor.\u00a0 Ki\u015fisel olandan ba\u015flamam gerekirse, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri Cumhuriyet\u2019in Dersim siyasetini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bu konuda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fiddet tahayy\u00fcl\u00fc, plan\u0131 ve uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7eren say\u0131s\u0131z rapor ve belge okumu\u015f, ma\u011fdurlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu konuda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131, \u00e7ekilmi\u015f film ve belgesel seyretmi\u015f bir tarih\u00e7i olmama ra\u011fmen, bu metin benim i\u00e7in hem duygusal hem de entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan beklemedi\u011fim kadar sars\u0131c\u0131 oldu.
\nTarama operasyonun anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu iki ayda belki Dersim 1938\u2019e dair yepyeni, hi\u00e7 kimsenin, en az\u0131ndan Dersimlilerin bilmedi\u011fi\u00a0 bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemiyor bu hat\u0131rat.\u00a0 Ancak say\u0131lamayacak kadar, failinin de saymak ihtiyac\u0131 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00e7ok bir \u00f6lme, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclme hali tasvir ediyor. Yerden makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek ve askerle, g\u00f6kten u\u00e7aklarla sald\u0131r\u0131lan Dersim\u2019in bir ucundan \u00f6tekine, da\u011f\u0131yla nehriyle, hayvan\u0131yla insan\u0131yla t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tarumar edilmesini, bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korkuyu ve direni\u015fi de not ediyor.\u00a0 Ancak burada resmi raporlardaki so\u011fuk, analitik ve \u2018Devletin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in elzem ve caizdir\u2019 gerek\u00e7elendirmesini ya da milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7er\u00e7evenin tutkulu savunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsunuz. Yani Fevzi \u00c7akmak\u2019\u0131n me\u015fhur ve me\u015fum ifadesiyle, \u2018Dersim ok\u015famakla kazan\u0131lmaz. M\u00fcsellah kuvvenin m\u00fcdahalesi daha \u00e7ok tesir yapar ve \u0131slah\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. Dersim evvel koloni gibi nazar\u0131 itibara al\u0131nmal\u0131\u2019\u00a0 kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok bu hat\u0131ratta. Ya da Dersim harekat\u0131n sembol y\u00fcz\u00fc, Cumhuriyet neferi Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en\u2019in \u2018Hareket eden her \u015feye ate\u015f ettikten\u2019 sonra Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn\u00a0 ona \u2018d\u00fc\u015fman\u2019 eline ge\u00e7me ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi silah\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in kullanma \u2018adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131.\u2019
\nNe an\u0131lar\u0131nda Dersim\u2019de ya\u015fananlar\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nemlisi bir piyade olarak kendi yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018Okuyucular\u0131mdan \u00f6z\u00fcr diliyor ve ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131n bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc anlatmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yorum\u2019 diyerek anlatmay\u0131 reddeden Orgeneral\u00a0 Muhsin Batur gibilerin fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne de ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan hat\u0131ralar\u0131 g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131yla anlatan\u00a0askerlerin<\/a>\u00a0pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131<\/a>\u00a0okuyorsunuz bu sat\u0131rlarda.<\/p>\n

Ajandada yer alan bu foto\u011fraftaki ki\u015finin Yusuf Kenan Ak\u0131m oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

S\u0131radan K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck<\/strong>
\nTam tersine kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hatta faili oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn vah\u015feti b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131kla anlatan adeta Hannah Arendt\u2019in\u00a0 Eichmann yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131radan K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn (Banality of Evil) v\u00fccut bulmu\u015f hali var.\u00a0 Bu askerin, tercihiyle de\u011fil de emir komuta zinciri i\u00e7erisinde Dersim\u2019e geldi\u011fi malum. Hatta yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu, belki de hepsini verilen emir icab\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve itaatsizli\u011fin a\u011f\u0131r bedeli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 s\u00f6ylemek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Her ne kadar Dersimlilerin anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda onlar\u0131 gizlice kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, ya da g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla emre itaat eden askerler de yer alsa da \u00e7o\u011funlukla bunlar\u0131n Alevi ya da K\u00fcrt askerler olduklar\u0131n\u0131 da vurguluyorlar. Elimizdeki hat\u0131ratta ise herhangi bir pi\u015fmanl\u0131k, soru i\u015fareti, ac\u0131ma, merak, korku, ya da kan tutmas\u0131 gibi bir vicdani tepki g\u00f6remiyorsunuz.\u00a0 \u0130nand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir davaya dair ya da kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakini\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00f6ren bir ifade de yok yazd\u0131klar\u0131nda. Her g\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine \u015fahit\u00a0 ve sebep oldu\u011fu insanlar\u0131n kim oldu\u011funa ve neden bunlara maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair en ufak bir a\u00e7\u0131klama ya da merak\u00a0 ibaresinin olmamas\u0131 son derece \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131. Hedeftekilerden sadece K\u00fcrtler diye bahsediyor,\u00a0 birka\u00e7 kez de \u2018Asi\u2019 kelimesi ge\u00e7iyor. Ancak ne isyan ne de ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir fiilden bahsediyor.\u00a0 Askerin anlat\u0131s\u0131nda, ne niye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ne de ne zaman bitece\u011fi m\u00fchim. Dersimlilerin kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve hesaps\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebildi\u011fi ve kimsenin de \u00e7ok kafa yormas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmeyen, sonsuza kadar s\u00fcrebilir bir \u00f6ld\u00fcrme halini okuyorsunuz k\u0131sac\u0131k notlarda, sayfalar ve g\u00fcnler boyunca.\u00a0 Sonunu bildi\u011finiz, planlar\u0131n\u0131 okudu\u011funuz bir trajedinin, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 takip ediyorsunuz bu s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na tutulmu\u015f notlarda. Ne zaman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi pi\u015fmanl\u0131k, ne de emir komutay\u0131 sorgulama iste\u011fi, sadece \u00f6l\u00fcm var bu sat\u0131rlarda.
\nDersim harekat\u0131 \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 yazd\u0131klar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ise, sa\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda solunuzda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz herhangi bir insandan ay\u0131rt edemeyece\u011finiz, romantik ve k\u00f6rk\u00fct\u00fck a\u015f\u0131k gen\u00e7 adam\u0131n v\u00fccudundan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kafalar\u0131, cesetlerle dolu nehirleri, yak\u0131lan k\u00f6yleri not ederken okunan duygusuzluk ve vaka-i adiye hissi, al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n oldu\u011fumuzdan farkl\u0131 bir fail tipini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.\u00a0 \u00d6yle ki 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 notta da g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere X ya da Nedime, bulundu\u011fu duruma duydu\u011fu k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131kla, kesilen kafalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda akl\u0131na geliveriyor. Belki bazen bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f ve ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma olarak, ama \u00e7o\u011funlukla\u00a0 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fiddete duydu\u011fu kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k olarak. Bu durum, Dersim \u00f6zelinde fail profilini karar al\u0131c\u0131lardan \u2018s\u0131radan\u2019 uygulay\u0131c\u0131lara geni\u015fletmekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda fail tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n, genel olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn toplu \u015fiddet ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m deneyimlerinde \u00e7etrefilli bir mevzu oldu\u011funu da kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

“Buralarda \u00e7ok sefil kald\u0131k…”<\/strong>
\nBu hat\u0131rattaki askerin failli\u011fi ayn\u0131 zamanda kendisine atfetti\u011fi ma\u011fdurlukla tan\u0131ml\u0131.\u00a0 \u00a0Akl\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmayan ve vefas\u0131zl\u0131kla su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, duygusal tepki do\u011furan tek di\u011fer durum, hat\u0131rat\u0131n sahibinin \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u2018ac\u0131lar\u2019 ve bulundu\u011fu yerden duydu\u011fu memnuniyetsizlik.\u00a0 Ancak bunun sebebi Dersimlilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddet, ya da bu \u015fiddetin uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmak de\u011fil. Dersimliler yok edilirlerken, askerlerin kendilerini i\u00e7inde bulduklar\u0131 co\u011frafi ya da fiziksel zorluklar. Kelimelerimle tasvir etmekte zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in yine hat\u0131rat\u0131n kendisine b\u0131rakay\u0131m s\u00f6z\u00fc:<\/p>\n

\u201c3 Eyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nCevizli ilerisindeyiz.<\/em>
\nGece saat 12de \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6kerek Pertek\u2019ten hareket ettik. Sabaha kadar yol y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck. Nihayet saat 7de bir su kenar\u0131nda konaklad\u0131k. Fakat derenin i\u00e7i insan le\u015fleriyle dolu oldu\u011fundan, susuzluktan \u00f6ld\u00fck. O kadar\u00a0 y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcz ki ayakta duracak kuvvetim yok. Ya Rab sen kurtar bizi buralardan…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c11 Eyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nBug\u00fcn de da\u011flar\u0131 tar\u0131yoruz. \u0130nsan le\u015flerinden derelere girilmiyor. Buras\u0131 o kadar so\u011fuk ki adeta donuyoruz. Gece herkes of anam diye a\u011fl\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck cefas\u0131n\u0131 biz \u00e7ekiyoruz.\u00a0 Bu g\u00fcnlerimde hep seni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum X, hep seni.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c12 Eyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nBu sabah erkenden kalkt\u0131k. Yine da\u011flarda tarama harek\u00e2t\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz. Her g\u00fcn kafa kesmekle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yoruz\u2026..<\/em>
\nyan yaz\u0131:\u00a0 Bug\u00fcn arkada\u015flar ya\u011f\u00a0 bulmu\u015flar, pirin\u00e7 ald\u0131k, g\u00fczel bir pilav yap\u0131p arkada\u015flarla yedik.\u201d<\/em>
\n2. yan yaz\u0131: Art\u0131k\u00a0 insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k, \u00e7ok peri\u015fan olduk.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c5 Eyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nBu gece Hozat\u2019ta kald\u0131k yine. X— onu r\u00fcyamda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Toprak \u00fcst\u00fcnde yatmaya o kadar al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u0131z ki, g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz r\u00fcya bile g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.\u00a0<\/em>
\nBug\u00fcn\u00a0 ba\u015fefendi ile birlikte Hozat\u2019ta hamama girdik. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00a0 \u00e7ok harab olmu\u015ftuk. Hamamda b\u00fct\u00fcn yorgunlu\u011fumuz \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c16 A\u011fustos<\/em>
\nBu gece de Ziyaret Tepesinde arkadan kuvvet bekliyoruz. A\u00e7 kald\u0131k, ma\u011faralara girdik . K\u00fcrtlerin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dar\u0131 undan\u00a0 d\u00fcr\u00fcm yaparak\u00a0 yedik. Buras\u0131 \u00e7ok so\u011fuk, kar diz boyu…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u015eahidin y\u00fck\u00fc<\/strong>
\nY\u0131llarca isyan anlat\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde suskunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yok say\u0131lan Dersimliler, v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda ve ruhlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m izlerini de, kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak bir yana,\u00a0 katledilen akrabalar\u0131na ve k\u0131r\u0131lan Dersim\u2019e \u015fahitlik etmek i\u00e7in, beraberlerinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Bunun yak\u0131n zamandaki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6rneklerinden birisi 1938\u2019de be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda olan H\u00fcseyin Akar\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, \u00fcstlerine gaz d\u00f6k\u00fclerek yak\u0131lan elli be\u015f k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n hikayesini, \u20181938 benim i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tekrar ya\u015famak istemiyorum. Fakat bu d\u00fcnya beni b\u0131rakm\u0131yor…orada yanan bendim\u2019\u00a0 s\u00f6zleriyle\u00a0anlatmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/a>.
\nAskerin kum torbalar\u0131yla u\u00e7aklardan at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f emirler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u2018yol boyu\u2019 yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6ylerden bir tanesi midir H\u00fcseyin Akar\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fc bilinmez, ama elimizdeki hat\u0131rat\u0131n okuyucusuna aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fiddeti kan\u0131ksam\u0131\u015f, kan tutmayan fail tipi Dersim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc katk\u0131 sunuyor.\u00a0 \u00d6ncelikle \u015fu ana kadar nas\u0131l ve ne kadar \u00e7ok \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Dersimlileri, \u015fahitlik y\u00fck\u00fcnden kurtar\u0131r. Hikayeyi planlardan, krokilerden, ya da Muhsin Batur\u2019un sessizli\u011fi \u00fczerinden, ya da ar\u015fivden \u00e7\u0131kacak bomba al\u0131m\u0131 belgesinden de\u011fil de, faillerin anlat\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden kan\u0131tlamay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm sa\u00e7an u\u00e7aklar, cesetlerle dolu nehirler, kesilen kafalar, canl\u0131 yakalan\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen insanlar, k\u00f6y yakmalar\u0131, el konulan hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ve ma\u011faralarda hayata tutunma m\u00fccadelesi Dersimlilerin 1938 anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti. Ancak buradaki \u00f6nemli bir fark askerin bunu\u00a0 yaparken, ya da yapmadan \u00f6nce emir beklerken, yine kan dondurucu bir s\u0131radanl\u0131kla , ya da kendine dair bir ma\u011fduriyet hik\u00e2yesiymi\u015f gibi anlatmas\u0131nda:<\/p>\n

\u201c11 A\u011fustos<\/em>
\nBu sabah erkenden kar\u015f\u0131daki k\u00f6ye bask\u0131n yapt\u0131k. Fakat k\u00f6yde kimse\u00a0 yoktu.\u00a0 Yak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haber bekliyoruz. Hafif makina Y\u0131lan Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kur\u015funla d\u00f6v\u00fcyor. Bug\u00fcn da\u011flar\u0131 tararken 10 K\u00fcrt \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130kisini bizim b\u00f6l\u00fck vurdu. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yaral\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da yakaland\u0131. \u015eimdi yani 11:30\u2019da Kozluca (tam okunamad\u0131) k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc yak\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c18 A\u011fustos<\/em>
\nSabah saat yedi bu\u00e7ukta Zara\u2019n\u0131n nahiyesinden hareket ettik. P\u00fcl\u00fcr\u2019e, sonra Cevizli k\u00f6y\u00fcne geldik. Yol boyunca olan b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6yleri yakt\u0131k. Da\u011f i\u00e7inde bir kul\u00fcbeye girdik. 100 ke\u00e7i bulduk. Ve me\u015fum bir vaziyet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kald\u0131k. Bir K\u00fcrt kad\u0131n\u0131 kendisini iple asm\u0131\u015f. Bir (okunamad\u0131) \u00e7\u00f6kelek s\u00fct de b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. Gece saat 21\u2019de Karao\u011flan\u2019a geldik. Geceyi burada ge\u00e7irdik.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da da de\u011findi\u011fim gibi, bu hat\u0131rat Dersim Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019nda planlay\u0131c\u0131 kadrolar\u0131 ya da Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en gibi y\u00fcksek profillere s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fail profilini daha geni\u015fleterek, s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n emir komuta zinciri dahilinde nas\u0131l kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi detayland\u0131rarak\u00a0 bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir\u00a0 katliam\u0131n nas\u0131l hayata ge\u00e7irildi\u011fin anlamam\u0131z\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0 Dersim\u2019e gelmek \u00fczere silahs\u0131z s\u0131hhiyeci olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten hat\u0131rat sahibi, tarama operasyonlar\u0131 boyunca ki\u015fisel olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131hhiyeye dair bir faaliyet kaydetmedi\u011fi gibi, burada da kendine dair \u00e7ok nadir olarak bireysel ifadeler kullan\u0131yor. Sadece bir kez, 14 A\u011fustos\u2019ta, \u2018Bug\u00fcn Ovac\u0131k\u2019a geldik, bir\u00a0 iki el silah\u0131 kulland\u0131k\u2019 notuyla bireysel fiilini not ediyor.\u00a0 Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekte ise kendisinin de\u011fil ama bir erin bireysel fiilini not etme ihtiyac\u0131 duyuyor, o da kafa kesmelere dair:<\/p>\n

\u201c10 Eyl\u00fcl<\/em>
\nBug\u00fcn da\u011flar ormanlar tarand\u0131. Bizim b\u00f6l\u00fck, az\u0131l\u0131lardan birisinin kellesini getirdi. Ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6l\u00fck de Seyithan\u2019\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131 getirdi. Bizim b\u00f6l\u00fckte Ru\u015fen isminde er var. B\u00fct\u00fcn kafalar\u0131 o kesiyor.<\/em>
\nBuralarda \u00e7ok sefil kald\u0131k…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Onu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn hareketleri, faaliyetleri ve \u00f6zellikle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, yakma gibi fiilleri b\u00f6l\u00fck olarak,\u00a0 birinci \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fah\u0131s kullanarak \u00fcstleniyor. Giri\u015fte al\u0131nt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m 9 Eyl\u00fcl notuna tekrar d\u00f6nersek, kafalar\u0131 kesen de, kahraman olarak an\u0131lan da, b\u00f6l\u00fck. \u00d6yle ki Dersimliye kar\u015f\u0131 faillik de, kahramanl\u0131k da, bir kolektifin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve manal\u0131.\u00a0 Hakeza 15 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa not da benzer bir \u015fekilde anlat\u0131r y\u00fcksel profilli bir asiyi daha imha etme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201c15 Eyl\u00fcl\u00a0<\/em>
\nYan yaz\u0131:<\/em>
\nBu g\u00fcn S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc tarad\u0131k. \u015e\u00fcpheli insanlar\u0131 toplad\u0131k. Ko\u00e7 U\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ele ba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olan \u0130brahim a\u011fay\u0131 bug\u00fcn dere i\u00e7inde kur\u015funla \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fck…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6ld\u00fcren kur\u015fun hat\u0131rat\u0131 yazan askerden mi \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r diye merak ediyor insan.. \u0130brahim A\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 kim bulmu\u015f, nas\u0131l te\u015fhis etmi\u015ftir, Ko\u00e7 U\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kimdir onu da\u00a0 yazma ihtiyac\u0131 dahi duymam\u0131\u015f. Sadece topluca tarayan, toplayan ve \u00f6ld\u00fcren bir faillik tarif etmi\u015f yeniden.<\/p>\n

Talan<\/strong>…
\nD\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Dersim a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin Dilek\u00e7e Komisyonu\u2019nda kurulan Dersim Alt Komisyonu\u2019na\u00a0 Dersimlilerin\u00a0 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvurular\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 insan kay\u0131plar\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra,\u00a0 u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 maddi zararlar\u0131n da ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tazmini talebi yer al\u0131yordu. Her ne kadar maddi kay\u0131plar ya\u015fanan y\u0131k\u0131m ve travma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ikincil g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de bu hat\u0131rat maddi talan\u0131n da nas\u0131l bu operasyonun s\u0131radan bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u201c12 A\u011fustos<\/em>
\nSabah erkenden toplar ve tayyare sesleri etraf\u0131 sars\u0131yor. K\u00fcrtler ablukada \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bir vaziyetteler. Bug\u00fcn orman i\u00e7inde bir inek\u00a0 3 koyun 15 ke\u00e7i bulduk. S\u0131rf bizim b\u00f6l\u00fck kesip yedik. Bu gece de Ye\u015filtepedeyiz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c13 A\u011fustos<\/em>
\nBug\u00fcn bizim b\u00f6l\u00fck bir derede yirmi bin\u00a0 koyun ve 50 K\u00fcrt yakalad\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu talan hikayelerinde yazar\u0131n pek de ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tasvip etmedi\u011fini hissettirdi\u011fi tek \u00f6rnek askerlerin ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 gibi duruyor. Her ne kadar k\u00f6ye birlikte gelinmi\u015fse de, di\u011fer askerlerin kendisinin de talan diye\u00a0 tabir etti\u011fi \u015fekilde sald\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de kovanlara girmelerini \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc\u00a0 \u00e7o\u011ful \u015fah\u0131s zamiri kullanarak anlatmay\u0131, kendini ayr\u0131 tutmay\u0131 tercih ediyor.\u00a0 Bu hassasiyetin sebebini bilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse de hat\u0131rat sahibinin istedi\u011finde tepkilerini, onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131 son derece n\u00fcansl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde aktarabildi\u011finin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak ak\u0131lda tutmak gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\u201c7 Eyl\u00fcl\u00a0<\/em>
\nSabah erkenden ormandan hareket ettik, bir k\u00f6ye geldik. B\u00fct\u00fcn asker k\u00f6y\u00fc talan etti. Bal peteklerine girmi\u015fler, \u00e7o\u011funun y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, burnunu ve her taraf\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131lar sokarak \u015fi\u015firmi\u015f. Hasta bir vaziyetteler. \u0130kindiye do\u011fru\u00a0 bir da\u011f ete\u011finde \u00e7antalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131rd\u0131lar ve da\u011fa t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131lar.\u00a0 Sabaha kadar da s\u0131rada\u011f tepelerini bekledik. Hepimiz uykusuzuz. Dere i\u00e7inden koyun s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve insan k\u00fcmeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Sabah\u0131 bekliyoruz. \u00c7ok susuz kald\u0131k.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

1938: Korku ve Direni\u015f\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm harici Dersimlilere dair \u00e7ok az \u015fey kaydetmi\u015f bu hat\u0131rat. Bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6yler, da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, terk edilmi\u015f ma\u011faralar, kendiyle me\u015fgul yazar\u0131n \u00e7ok da detayland\u0131rmaya gerek duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak 8 A\u011fustos\u2019ta tarama s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin korkuyla da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tarama sonucu bulduklar\u0131nda da \u2018Biz\u00a0 asi de\u011filiz\u2019 dediklerini kaydediyor. Benzer \u015fekilde direni\u015f de \u00e7ok yer tutmuyor notlar\u0131nda. Birka\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan bahsetse de, onun bulundu\u011fu yerden g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, makineli t\u00fcfeklerle d\u00f6v\u00fclen ve u\u00e7aklarla bombalanan da\u011flar ve gediklerinde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ka\u00e7\u0131\u015fan ve takip edilmesi gereken insan ve hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri. Belki de Dersimlilere ve kalan direni\u015fe dair kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumu \u00f6zetleyen ifade 9 A\u011fustos\u2019ta bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kelimedir: \u2018K\u00fcrtler ablukadad\u0131r.\u2019<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>
\n25 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Dersim\u2019den d\u00f6nd\u00fckten ve bir ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn izin kulland\u0131ktan sonra hat\u0131rat\u0131n yazar\u0131 yaz\u0131c\u0131 olarak askerli\u011fine devam eder. Dersim\u2019den d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra oraya dair belki ironik ama kesinlikle \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ilk not 7 Ekim tarihlidir ve \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\n\u2018Bug\u00fcn tart\u0131ld\u0131m, 61 kilo geldim, demek Dersim yaram\u0131\u015f..\u2019
\n1938 sonuna kadar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlarda Dersim\u2019e dair tekrar bir de\u011ferlendirme ya da harekat\u0131 takip etti\u011fine dair herhangi bir emare g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Emirleri b\u00f6l\u00fck\u00e7e uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 2 ay sonunda, muhtemelen Dersim konusu bu asker i\u00e7in kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0 Hat\u0131rat\u0131 okurken hep \u2018Acaba ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u015fey mi var,\u00a0 yan\u0131l\u0131yor muyum, acaba bu kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, vurdum duymazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir sebebi olabilir mi? Acaba ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n okuyabilece\u011finden mi korktu?\u2019 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek istedim.
\nAjandan\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131na, 13 A\u011fustos\u2019ta\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131ca olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki not bu beni daha da \u00f6zenli okumaya itti:
\n\u201cL\u00fctfen bu hat\u0131ra defterini bulursan\u0131z okumadan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki adrese g\u00f6nderiniz:\u00a0<\/em>
\nYusuf Kenan Ak\u0131m\u00a0<\/em>
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00d6n\u00fc, Yaz\u0131 evi\u00a0<\/em>
\n\u00c7ar\u015famba<\/em>
\nDersim da\u011flar\u0131nda\u00a0<\/em>
\n13 A\u011fustos 938 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019<\/em>
\nYan\u0131ndaki sayfaya bu sefer de Latin alfabesiyle: \u2018L\u00fctfen okumay\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendi hayat\u0131ma aittir. 14.8.1938, Pazar. Dersim\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Operasyona dahil olduktan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 iki hafta sonra yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okunmas\u0131n\u0131n ona zarar verece\u011fini mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc acaba?\u00a0 E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse bu tarihten \u00f6nceki notlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenmez mi? Korktu mu? \u00d6yleyse yazmaya, ve ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yazmaya neden devam etti? Neden Dersim\u2019den sonra ona dair ba\u015fka bir \u015fey eklemedi? Bu ve benzeri sorulara okuyucular kendisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan cevap verecektir elbette. Toplumsal \u015fiddeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir tarih\u00e7i olarak benim cevab\u0131m ne korku ne de endi\u015fe, askerin hat\u0131rat\u0131nda iki ay boyunca tekrar tekrar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi\u011fi, ki\u015fisel ve bir kolektifin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak\u00a0 bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m faili oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini yads\u0131yamaz. Di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn kolektif \u015fiddet \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki fail portresi ve de fiillerin emir komuta zincirinde, neredeyse mekanik i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, Dersim\u2019in geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmaz bir bicimde tarumar ve \u2018\u0131slah\u2019 edildi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez ancak faillerinin ve sorumlulu\u011fun ne kadar fazla; ve bir kategori, ideoloji ya da duruma indirgenemeyecek kadar birbirinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Dersim\u2019in \u0131slah\u0131 projesi, tahlilleri, \u0131rk kategorileri, planlamas\u0131, ve uygulamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131-Cumhuriyet soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Holokost modeline en yak\u0131n \u00f6rnekti. Bu asker hat\u0131rat\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 fail tipi, bu benzerli\u011fin \u00f6nemli ba\u015fka ve\u00e7helerinin de oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.
\nMerak etti\u011fim ikinci bir nokta da bu hat\u0131rat\u0131n nas\u0131l olup da \u00f6nce Samsun Halk K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019ne, ard\u0131ndan da Atat\u00fcrk Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na kadar ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131. Acaba yazar\u0131 araya zaman girince di\u011fer bir iki \u00f6rnekte oldu\u011fu gibi, failli\u011fini\u00a0 kendisi mi if\u015fa etmek istedi? Pi\u015fmanl\u0131k m\u0131 duydu? Ya da ailesinden birisi, onun r\u0131zas\u0131 ve belki de bilgisi olmadan bu hat\u0131rat\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larla payla\u015fmak m\u0131 istedi? Ba\u015fka senaryolar da akla gelse, ben bu iki ihtimalin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve k\u0131ymetli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.\u00a0 2011 sonras\u0131nda Dersimlilerin taleplerinden birisi de Genelkurmay Ar\u015fivi de dahil olmak \u00fczere devletin Dersim ar\u015fivlerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu, her ne kadar me\u015fru ve m\u00fchim bir talep olsa da, bu hat\u0131rat bize g\u00f6steriyor ki e\u011fer bir y\u00fczle\u015fme ve \u2018Bir daha asla\u2019 deme ihtimali varsa, bu ancak \u2018devlet-d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fka ar\u015fivler ve haf\u0131zalar\u0131n da\u00a0 bu s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Onun i\u00e7in bunun benzeri materyallerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, Dersimliler i\u00e7in bir iyile\u015fme imkan\u0131 sunmakla birlikte, as\u0131l olarak failler ve aileleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda bir ahlaki zorunluluk. Zira saklanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir aile s\u0131rr\u0131 de\u011fil, Dersim\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck yaras\u0131d\u0131r. Tazmini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hem tarih hem de ispat\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131rtlanma s\u0131ras\u0131 art\u0131k onlardad\u0131r…<\/p>\n

* Osmanl\u0131 tarihi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Dr. Zeynep T\u00fcrky\u0131lmaz Forum Transregionale Studien ve Freie\u00a0 \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fcresel Tarih program\u0131nda misafir \u00f6\u011fretim gorevlisidir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/23286\/dersim-soykirimi-ve-kotulugun-siradanligi<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Almanya\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcren tarih\u00e7i Zeynep T\u00fcrky\u0131lmaz Dersim\u2019de 1938\u2019te devlet eliyle ya\u015fat\u0131lan vah\u015fete dair \u00f6nemli bir belgeyi payla\u015f\u0131yor. Harekata kat\u0131lan bir askerin g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar, hem 1938\u2019te neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hem de bu vah\u015fetin kimi askerlerce nas\u0131l da duygusuz bi\u00e7imde icra edildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. ZEYNEP T\u00dcRKYILMAZ* \u201c9 Eyl\u00fcl Ah bug\u00fcn \u0130zmir\u2019de olsayd\u0131m.\u00a0 Halbuki da\u011f ba\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":55888,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nDersim Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve \u2018K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn S\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55887\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dersim Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve \u2018K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn S\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Almanya\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcren tarih\u00e7i Zeynep T\u00fcrky\u0131lmaz Dersim\u2019de 1938\u2019te devlet eliyle ya\u015fat\u0131lan vah\u015fete dair \u00f6nemli bir belgeyi payla\u015f\u0131yor. Harekata kat\u0131lan bir askerin g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 notlar, hem 1938\u2019te neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hem de bu vah\u015fetin kimi askerlerce nas\u0131l da duygusuz bi\u00e7imde icra edildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. 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