\u0130\u015fhan Erdin\u00e7<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Emircan K\u00fcrk\u00fct\u2019\u00fcn ilk kitab\u0131 \u2018Anti-Greek Riots of 6-7 September 1955 and Their Effects in Istanbul\u2019s Kuzguncuk Quarter\u2019 Libra Kitap\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kitapta, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Pogromu\u2019nun Kuzguncuk\u2019taki yans\u0131malar\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Y\u00fcksek lisans tez konusu olan kitapta o d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayanlarla s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajlar yer al\u0131yor. K\u00fcrk\u00fct ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn Kuzguncuk\u2019a etkisini ve semtin de\u011fi\u015fen yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nK\u0131saca sizi tan\u0131yabilir miyiz?<\/strong>
\n\u00dcsk\u00fcdar, 1990 do\u011fumluyum. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 \u2013 8 y\u0131ld\u0131r sivil alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steriyorum; halen \u00f6zel bir \u015firkette ara\u015ft\u0131rma uzman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. I\u015f\u0131k \u00dcniversitesi Siyasi Bilimler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden mezun oldum. Ard\u0131ndan Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde Kuzguncuk \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m tez ile y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131m\u0131 tamamlad\u0131m.<\/p>\nTezinizin ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir misiniz?<\/strong>
\nTezime ba\u015flarken bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 arad\u0131m. Kuzguncuklu bir arkada\u015f\u0131m bana \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Tekel Sahnesi\u2019nde oynanan G\u00fcng\u00f6r Dilmen\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Kuzguncuk T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 adl\u0131 oyundan bahsetti. Oyunun Kuzguncuk\u2019taki kolektif haf\u0131zay\u0131 canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bu haf\u0131za asl\u0131nda 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 ile\u00a0 ilgili Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fanan ink\u00e2r s\u00fcrecine i\u015faret ediyor. Bu ink\u00e2r s\u00fcrecini tez konusu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya karar verdim. \u0130lk olarak Kuzguncuk\u2019la ilgili ikinci el kaynaklar\u0131 tarad\u0131m. \u201cBulduklar\u0131m\u0131n \u00fczerine ne katabilirim?\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ar\u015fivlerine gitmeye karar verdim. Bu ar\u015fivler 2015-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131nda oraya gitti\u011fimde Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Ar\u015fivlerde 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl ile\u00a0 ilgili Kuzguncuk \u00f6zelinde belgeler buldum. Bunun haricinde o d\u00f6nemde Kuzguncuk\u2019ta bu hadiseleri ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insanlarla konu\u015fmaya karar verdim. Olaylar\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde do\u011fmu\u015f, halen 70 \u2013 80 ya\u015flar\u0131nda olan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerle ayr\u0131ca Rumlar, Museviler ve Ermenilerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldum. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda tezi ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran nokta oldu diyebilirim.<\/p>\nGayrim\u00fcslimlerin ya da az\u0131nl\u0131k haline getirilmi\u015f toplumlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u0130stanbul\u2019da yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerden biri de Kuzguncuk. Eskiden nas\u0131ld\u0131 \u015fimdi nas\u0131l?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nTarihten \u00f6rnekler verece\u011fim. \u00d6nemli bir co\u011frafyac\u0131 olan Vital Cuinet\u2019in istatistiklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Kuzguncuk\u2019ta 3 bin 600 Musevi, 2 bin 709 Ermeni, bin 85 Rum ve 230 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ya\u015f\u0131yordu. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eirket-i Hayriye istatistiklerine g\u00f6re Kuzguncuk\u2019ta bin 600 Ermeni, 400 Musevi, 250 Rum ve 70 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aile ya\u015f\u0131yordu.\u00a0 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise az\u0131nl\u0131k toplumlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde birin alt\u0131nda. Semtte iki sinagogun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra\u00a0 Rum ve Ermeni kiliseleri de h\u00e2l\u00e2 aktif. Ancak ibadetler yeterli n\u00fcfus olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toplant\u0131lar \u015feklinde yap\u0131labiliyor. Museviler, ibadetlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 semtlerden geliyorlar. Ermeniler ve Rumlar da da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde\u2026 Sadece 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl de\u011fil; 1915\u2019ten ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7le birlikte halen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam eden homojenle\u015ftirme, T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme pratikleri Kuzguncuk\u2019ta da devam ediyor.<\/p>\nKitapta, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ac\u0131 olaylar da yer al\u0131yor. Daha \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olaylarla 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7abilir misiniz?<\/strong>
\nBen tezi yazarken dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Seda Altu\u011f ile bu konuyu konu\u015fmu\u015ftuk. Kendisine \u201cHocam 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum, neden bu kadar geriye gittik?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumda kendisi \u201cSen bir bak, nedenini anlayacaks\u0131n\u201d demi\u015fti. Ger\u00e7ekten de anlad\u0131m. Baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler vereyim: Mesela sokak isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi. Bu, kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde var. \u2018Biyiciyan Efendi\u2019 isimli bir sokak varm\u0131\u015f. Ben bunu 1932 y\u0131l\u0131 Pervititch haritalar\u0131ndan buldum. Bu soka\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 \u2018Bican Efendi\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. 1930\u2019lardan sonra semte M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir kimlik kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Misak Boyac\u0131yan ad\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc bir bozac\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. Bunu \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Belediyesi\u2019nin yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sokak isimleri evrak\u0131nda buldum. Soka\u011fa \u2018Misak Boyac\u0131yan\u2019 ismi veriliyor ama soka\u011f\u0131n ismi daha sonra \u2018Bozac\u0131 Sokak\u2019 oluyor. T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma sadece \u015fiddetle olan bir \u015fey de\u011fil biraz da sembolik. Anadolu yakas\u0131nda bu konu pek ele al\u0131nm\u0131yor. Mesela Varl\u0131k Vergisi d\u00f6neminde, Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayan sekiz ya da dokuz gayrim\u00fcslim bu vergiyi \u00f6demeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7ok zor durumda kal\u0131yorlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Kuzguncuk\u2019un de\u011feri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki gibi de\u011fil. Semt, daha \u00e7ok orta halli esnaf\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n hepsinin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n6-7 Eyl\u00fcl ve sonras\u0131nda neler oluyor?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nKuzguncuk\u2019taki en b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fim 1955 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra oluyor. Yani 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl’den\u00a0 sonra\u2026 Gayrim\u00fcslimlerin korku i\u00e7erisine girdi\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla tespit ettim. Ar\u015fivlerde yer alan bilgilere g\u00f6re, o d\u00f6nemde Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayan halktan da olaylara kar\u0131\u015fanlar olmu\u015f. Ar\u015five gitti\u011finizde polis dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131ndan tutuklananlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda bunu tespit ediyorsunuz. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019da 15 ki\u015fi tutuklanm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n yedisi Kuzguncuklu. Hatta bunlardan biriyle de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdim. Kendisi olaylara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biraz kabul eder gibi oldu ama detayl\u0131 bilgi vermedi. Tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yledi. Kuzguncuk daha \u00e7ok 1960\u2019larda g\u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinden g\u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131yor. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7, Kuzguncuk\u2019u co\u011frafi ve n\u00fcfus y\u00f6n\u00fcnden geni\u015fletiyor. Kuzguncuk, Ko\u00e7 Holding\u2019in bulundu\u011fu Nakka\u015ftepe\u2019ye do\u011fru geni\u015fliyor. 1970\u2019lerde Musevilerin ma\u015fatl\u0131k olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tahrip ediliyor ve yerine gecekondular yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Mezarl\u0131k ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n evlerde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair foto\u011fraflar da bende mevcut. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kuzguncuk\u2019un n\u00fcfusu gayrim\u00fcslimden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Kastamonu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131yor. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kuzguncuk\u2019a giderseniz \u2018Kastamonu pazar\u0131\u2019, \u2018Kastamonu kahvesi\u2019 gibi yerler g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Buna ek olarak, 29 Ekim\u2019i ve 30 A\u011fustos\u2019u Kuzguncuk, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015f\u00f6len i\u00e7erisinde kutlar. Bu \u015f\u00f6lenlere k\u00f6\u00e7ekler e\u015flik eder. K\u00f6\u00e7ekler de Kastamonu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne aittir. Yani gayrim\u00fcslim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yerini Kastamonu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\nMusevi mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tahrip edilmesi ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131zda yer al\u0131yor. Peki bu tahribat Musevi toplumunun semtten g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini etkiliyor mu?<\/strong>
\nMusevilerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde kendileri \u201cbiz az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak kald\u0131k\u201d diyorlar. Etiler, Moda gibi daha kozmopolit yap\u0131ya sahip yerlere do\u011fru gitmi\u015fler. Kuzguncuk\u2019ta insanlar birbirlerini cidden \u00e7ok iyi tan\u0131yorlar. Bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce oraya gelseniz ikinci g\u00fcn \u201cbu kim?\u201d diye size bakarlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Musevi cemaati, \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131k\u2019 olarak kald\u0131klar\u0131ndan kendi hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etme ihtiyac\u0131 hissetmi\u015fler. Kuzguncuk\u2019u h\u00e2l\u00e2 seviyorlar ve dini pratiklerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en fazla n\u00fcfusa onlar sahip. Museviler i\u00e7in Kuzguncuk\u2019un \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de var; oras\u0131 \u2018\u0130kinci Kud\u00fcs\u2019 olarak ge\u00e7iyor. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bu s\u00f6ylendi. Mezarl\u0131ktaki en eski ta\u015f 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar uzan\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011fu kaynakta Kuzguncuk bir Musevi k\u00f6y\u00fc olarak da isimlendiriliyor. Fakat Rumlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde onlar da Kuzguncuk\u2019u Rum k\u00f6y\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Gayrim\u00fcslimler aras\u0131nda Kuzguncuk\u2019u sahiplenme duygusunu da g\u00f6zlemledim. Kuzguncuk \u00e7ok sahiplenilmek istenen bir yer. T24 internet sitesinde Kuzguncuk \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Kuzguncuk Facebook sayfas\u0131nda bana ve T24\u2019e y\u00f6nelik bir k\u0131nama metni yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc orada ya\u015fayanlar semtleriyle ilgili her \u015feyi ilgiyle takip ediyorlar ve olumsuz bir \u015fey oldu\u011funda an\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale ediyorlar. S\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00e7ekindi\u011fim anlar da oldu. Kuzguncuk\u2019ta b\u00f6yle bir durum var.<\/p>\nPeki Rum toplumu?<\/strong>
\n1955 \u00e7ok etkili olmu\u015f ama 1964\u2019te ya\u015fanan zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 de Rumlar\u0131 \u00e7ok etkiliyor. Rumlar\u0131n bir okulu var ama halen aktif de\u011fil. Benim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir Rum vatanda\u015f \u201cO\u011flumu Rum okulunda okutmak i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc okul kapand\u0131\u201d demi\u015fti. Ermenilerin de Musevilerin de birer okulu var. \u0130ki okul da kapal\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Rumlar i\u00e7in 1964 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ok kritik ama Kuzguncuk\u2019taki gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusta esas k\u0131r\u0131lma \u20186-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955\u2019 diyebilirim.<\/p>\nYapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde o d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrklerde gayrim\u00fcslimlere y\u00f6nelik nefret s\u00f6ylemine rastlad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?<\/strong>
\n\u201cKuzguncuk bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sembol\u00fc bir semtimiz\u201d olarak nitelendiriliyor. \u201cBurada ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yorduk. Cumhuriyet bayramlar\u0131nda biz gayrim\u00fcslim kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131zla birlikte yiyip, i\u00e7erdik. Ramazan\u2019da birlikte oru\u00e7 a\u00e7ard\u0131k\u201d gibi s\u00f6zleri \u015fu an Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayanlar s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bir\u00e7ok kaynakta da bu t\u00fcr ifadeler mevcut. Fakat \u2018ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc biraz de\u015fti\u011finiz zaman alt\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 \u015feyler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Mesela Kuzguncuk\u2019un gayrim\u00fcslim kimli\u011finde en b\u00fcy\u00fck etken dini ibadethaneler. Bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman iki Rum kilisesi, bir Ermeni kilisesi ve iki sinagog var. Semtteki ilk cami ise 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Gayrim\u00fcslim ibadethaneleri ise 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Buradan Kuzguncuk\u2019un gayrim\u00fcslim kimli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz. Buna ek olarak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim: Ermeni kilisesi ve sinagog taraf\u0131ndan caminin in\u015faat\u0131na maddi destek geliyor. Caminin oldu\u011fu arsa Ermeni kilisesinin arsas\u0131, haritalarda bu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Arsa ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor. Bunu \u2018Kuzguncuk dinlerin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu yer\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yorlar fakat ben b\u00f6yle yorumlam\u0131yorum. Arsan\u0131n korkudan dolay\u0131 verildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00e7o\u011funluk olmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar ve \u201cbiz vermesek el konulacak\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi olu\u015fmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bunun \u00f6ncesinde 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda Varl\u0131k Vergisi s\u00fcreci ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Daha \u00f6ncesinde sokak isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftiriliyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kuzguncuk\u2019un n\u00fcfusu korunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor ama bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda semti koruma kayg\u0131s\u0131 yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\nS\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih kapsam\u0131nda ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong>
\nToplamda dokuz T\u00fcrk ve sekiz gayrim\u00fcslim ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Kad\u0131n-erkek dengesini sa\u011flayamad\u0131m, daha \u00e7ok erkeklerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Bu noktada kad\u0131nlar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n daha de\u011ferli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum ancak erkek ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok kahvehanelerde bulundum. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin hepsini Kuzguncuk\u2019ta yapmad\u0131m Kuzguncuk\u2019tan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fu an farkl\u0131 semtlerde ya\u015fayanlarla, \u0130stanbul\u2019un de\u011fi\u015fik semtlerinde ve \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlarla telefonla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapt\u0131m. Odak grup g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri de yapt\u0131m.<\/p>\nAyr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duygusu ta\u015f\u0131yanlar var m\u0131?<\/strong>
\nG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m T\u00fcrklerden biri \u201cBiz gidenlerin art\u0131klar\u0131y\u0131z\u201d dedi. Gidenler dedi\u011fi gayrim\u00fcslimler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten bunu kabul ediyor. \u00d6zellikle Kuzguncuk\u2019tan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve halen farkl\u0131 yerlerde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler bunu kabul eder pozisyonda yer al\u0131yor. Fakat \u015fu an Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayanlarda \u201cSemtime b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey demem do\u011fru olmaz\u201d gibi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce var. Semti sahiplenme konusu \u2018\u0130lya\u2019n\u0131n Bostan\u0131\u2019 hik\u00e2yesiyle ilgili sohbetlerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u2018\u0130lya\u2019n\u0131n Bostan\u0131\u2019 gayrim\u00fcslim m\u00fclk\u00fcne el koyma prati\u011finin sonucu ancak gayrim\u00fcslimler oray\u0131 bir ekolojik m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. O bostan\u0131n \u00fczerine hastane ve okul yap\u0131lmas\u0131 protesto ediliyor. Fakat “Bu bostan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sahibi kim? \u0130lya kim?” gibi sorular es ge\u00e7iliyor maalesef.<\/p>\nKuzguncuk\u2019ta o bostan\u0131n \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kadar\u0131yla\u2026<\/strong>
\nEvet, b\u00fcy\u00fck. O bostana 1970\u2019lerde devlet el koyuyor. Tarihi ise 600 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gidiyor. Do\u011frudan bir gayrim\u00fcslimden al\u0131n\u0131p devlet taraf\u0131ndan el konma meselesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00dcst\u00fcne hastane ve okul yap\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunun \u00fczerine Kuzguncuk halk\u0131 ayaklan\u0131yor. Bunu bir ekolojik m\u00fccadele olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019da bostanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. Fakat halen Bostan\u2019\u0131n durumu \u015f\u00f6yle: Bostan\u2019da ufak parsellere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar var. Bu alanlar, Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ikamet edenler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. O da \u00e7ekilen kura ile belirleniyor. Sonra Kuzguncuk Muhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Facebook sayfas\u0131nda duyuru yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar orada tar\u0131m i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. Bence bu bostan ekolojik m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olmaktan ziyade \u201cAs\u0131l sahibi kim?\u201d, \u201cNas\u0131l bir tarihi vard\u0131?\u201d ve \u201cNas\u0131l el konuldu?\u2019 gibi sorular\u0131n sorulmas\u0131 gereken bir tarihsel m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeli.<\/p>\nPeki az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6fke hissetiniz mi?<\/strong>
\nPek g\u00f6rmedim. Orada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte g\u00fczel ya\u015famlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediler. Kuzguncuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan gayrim\u00fcslimlerde \u201cgitmeseydik daha iyiydi\u201d gibi bir durum g\u00f6zlemledim. Bunun tam tersi de \u015f\u00f6yle: Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayan bir gayrim\u00fcslimi ziyaret edecektim. Orada kahvehanede g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir T\u00fcrk bana \u201cNiye onunla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsun? Esas bural\u0131 biziz\u201d dedi. Ben \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 ku\u015fak burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan onlar, semtin esas sahibi onlar\u201d dedi\u011fimde, \u201cBiz bural\u0131y\u0131z, onlar ge\u00e7ici\u201d dedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/p>\nKuzguncuk\u2019ta az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n okullar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ne t\u00fcr bilgilere ula\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nRum okulunun kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin 1964\u2019te s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmeleri sonucu olmu\u015f. Zaten okullarda \u00e7ok az \u00f6\u011frenci kal\u0131yor. Bu da gayrim\u00fcslimlerin genel durumu maalesef.<\/p>\nMuseviler ve Rumlar i\u00e7in Kuzguncuk\u2019un \u00f6neminden bahsettiniz. Peki Ermeniler i\u00e7in Kuzguncuk\u2019un nas\u0131l bir yeri var?<\/strong>
\nBahsetti\u011fim n\u00fcfus istatistiklerine g\u00f6re Ermeniler semtte yo\u011fun bir n\u00fcfusa sahip. Fakat semt Museviler i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nemli bir semt. Kuzguncuk Surp Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 Kilisesi Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sekiz m\u00fclk\u00fc var. 2012 Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131 Beyannamesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re Vakf\u0131n problemleri var. Bu m\u00fclkler Ermeniler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli. M\u00fclklerin el de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda bireylere verildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Vak\u0131ftan bireylere ge\u00e7ince problemler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca Kuzguncuk Ermeni Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na el konuldu\u011funu haritalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde de mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n problemlerine vurgu yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ermeni kilisesinde bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131m. Bana \u015funu dediler: \u201cBuraya gazeteciler geliyor; \u2018Buras\u0131 ne kadar g\u00fczel bir yer. Sinagog, cami ve kilise yan yana\u2019 diyorlar. Ancak kimse \u2018Neden bu kadar azs\u0131n\u0131z?\u2019 diye sormuyor. Biz burada \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiyiz.\u201d Oradaki az\u0131nl\u0131klarda yaln\u0131zl\u0131k var. Ben bunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda sezdim. Bir Ermeni ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede \u201cE\u015fim Ramazan ay\u0131nda sofra kurard\u0131. Biz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla yemek yerdik ama sonra gelip yan\u0131mdaki evi ta\u015flad\u0131lar\u201d dedi. 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl ile ilgili olarak \u201cD\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelenler yapt\u0131lar\u201d anlat\u0131s\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Fakat Kuzguncuk\u2019un i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayanlardan da gayrim\u00fcslimlerin evlerine sald\u0131ranlar olmu\u015f.<\/p>\nH\u00e2l\u00e2 korkuyorlar m\u0131?<\/strong>
\nEvet. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme \u00f6ncesi pek \u00e7o\u011funun \u00e7ekinceleri vard\u0131; ikna etmem biraz zor oldu. Konu\u015fma esnas\u0131nda baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 isteyenler oldu. \u201cKuzguncuk halk\u0131 anlar\u201d korkusu var.<\/p>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131zda Kuzguncuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka mahalleler de var. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019a do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcrken bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc?<\/strong>
\nErmenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler Kuzguncuk\u2019un yukar\u0131s\u0131. F\u0131st\u0131ka\u011fac\u0131\u2019nda iki Ermeni okulu ve bir kilise var. Benim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m Ermeni vatanda\u015f, Kuzguncuk\u2019un yukar\u0131s\u0131nda oturuyor. Biraz yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca daha \u00f6nce gecekondu olan yerler \u015fimdi apartman haline gelmi\u015f. Musevi Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o tepenin sol taraf\u0131nda kal\u0131yor. Kuzguncuk\u2019un o nostaljik havas\u0131 yukar\u0131 taraflarda yok.<\/p>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz?<\/strong>
\nEvet. 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul Anadolu Yakas\u0131\u2019ndaki gayrim\u00fcslimlerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yelde\u011firmeni, Moda, Heybeliada, \u00c7engelk\u00f6y gibi yerlerde de bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yapmak istiyoruz. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda ve ikinci el kaynaklarda bu b\u00f6lgelerde de 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl haricinde T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme pratiklerinin \u00e7ok etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemledim. Ancak mevcut akademik literat\u00fcrdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun Pera, Beyo\u011flu \u00e7evresinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u00c7engelk\u00f6y, Beykoz ve Beylerbeyi b\u00f6lgeleri de zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma esnas\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Anadolu yakas\u0131 literat\u00fcr\u00fcne yeni \u015feyler katmak istiyorum.<\/p>\nKitaptan<\/strong>
\n\u2018Kimse gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun az olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini sormuyor\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n“Kuzguncuk Ermeni Vakf\u0131 olarak Kuzguncuk’un yukar\u0131s\u0131nda iki okulumuz vard\u0131. 1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Harekat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda insanlar okula gelerek b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131ralar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 att\u0131lar. Buradaki Ermeniler ve Rumlar\u0131n bu olaylarla ilgisi nedir anlayamad\u0131k. Buraya gazeteciler gelip bir ka\u00e7 soru soruyorlar. Ancak, kimse Kuzguncuk’taki gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun az olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini sormuyor. Siz benim ne demek istedi\u011fimi anlad\u0131n\u0131z.” (Ermeni erkek, do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131 1954, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme tarihi 2016.)<\/em><\/p>\n\u2018Amcam 1958\u2019e kadar d\u00fckkan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mad\u0131\u2019\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n“Babam 7 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcn (Kuzguncuk’un) merkezi bir yerindeki amcam\u0131m d\u00fckkan\u0131na gitti ama aniden eve d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Tela\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131. Olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u011fmac\u0131lar amcam\u0131n d\u00fckkan\u0131na a\u011f\u0131r hasar vermi\u015fler. Saat, telefon, buzdolaplar\u0131, pencereler ve mutfak aletlerinin hepsini k\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lan kapaklar\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131k. Amcam ve babam bu duruma \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fcler. Kuzguncuklu herkes amcam\u0131 d\u00fckkandan dolay\u0131 tan\u0131yor ve seviyordu. Olaylardan sonra amcam 1958 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar d\u00fckkan\u0131n\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7mad\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda ise Kuzguncuk’un yukar\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgesinde d\u00fckkan\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131 ancak 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapatt\u0131.” (H\u0131ristiyan Erkek, do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131 1938, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme tarihi 2016)<\/em><\/p>\nhttp:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/23204\/kuzguncukun-6-7-eylulu<\/a> <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015fhan Erdin\u00e7\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Emircan K\u00fcrk\u00fct\u2019\u00fcn ilk kitab\u0131 \u2018Anti-Greek Riots of 6-7 September 1955 and Their Effects in Istanbul\u2019s Kuzguncuk Quarter\u2019 Libra Kitap\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kitapta, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Pogromu\u2019nun Kuzguncuk\u2019taki yans\u0131malar\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Y\u00fcksek lisans tez konusu olan kitapta o d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayanlarla s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajlar yer al\u0131yor. K\u00fcrk\u00fct ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":55689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34,71,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-istanbul","category-mulakatlar","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n
Kuzguncuk\u2019un \u20186-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55688\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kuzguncuk\u2019un \u20186-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130\u015fhan Erdin\u00e7\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Emircan K\u00fcrk\u00fct\u2019\u00fcn ilk kitab\u0131 \u2018Anti-Greek Riots of 6-7 September 1955 and Their Effects in Istanbul\u2019s Kuzguncuk Quarter\u2019 Libra Kitap\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kitapta, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Pogromu\u2019nun Kuzguncuk\u2019taki yans\u0131malar\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Y\u00fcksek lisans tez konusu olan kitapta o d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul Kuzguncuk\u2019ta ya\u015fayanlarla s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajlar yer al\u0131yor. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55688","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kuzguncuk\u2019un \u20186-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fc - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"\u0130\u015fhan Erdin\u00e7\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Emircan K\u00fcrk\u00fct\u2019\u00fcn ilk kitab\u0131 \u2018Anti-Greek Riots of 6-7 September 1955 and Their Effects in Istanbul\u2019s Kuzguncuk Quarter\u2019 Libra Kitap\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 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