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Fikret Bila, \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 iddias\u0131 tarihin tekzip etti\u011fi bir iddiad\u0131r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131. Yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde en iyi ihtimalle \u201cg\u00f6zden ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f\u201d hatalar bulunuyor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/p>\n Fikret Bila, deneyimli bir gazeteci. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bas\u0131n\u0131 takip edenlerin yar\u0131m asra yakla\u015fan tecr\u00fcbesi nedeniyle ad\u0131n\u0131 bilmemesi neredeyse imkans\u0131z. Kendisinin son olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131ysa 1 Kas\u0131m\u2019da T24\u2019te yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 iddias\u0131 tarihin tekzip etti\u011fi bir iddiad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n Bila, ABD Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nden ge\u00e7en tasar\u0131y\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor, Senato ve Ba\u015fkan Trump\u2019\u0131n karar\u0131n\u0131n beklenilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201cABD\u2019nin bug\u00fcne kadar Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyip, \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket\u2019 diyerek ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n, bu kez bu iddiay\u0131 kabul etmesinin nedeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f yeni belgeler veya bilgiler de\u011fildir.\u201d Fikret Bila hakl\u0131. ABD h\u00e2l\u00e2\/hen\u00fcz Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f de\u011fil ancak \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket\u201d demek, kendisinin deyimiyle bu \u201ciddia\u201dy\u0131 reddetmek anlam\u0131na da gelmiyor. Unutulmamas\u0131 gereken \u015fu ki \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d terimi 1944\u2019ten \u00f6nce mevcut de\u011fildi ve bu d\u00f6nemde \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket\u201d yani \u201cMedz Ye\u011fern\u201d Ermenilerin ba\u015flar\u0131na geleni ifade ettikleri tan\u0131mlardan sadece biriydi. Ermenice \u201caksor\u201d (s\u00fcrg\u00fcn), \u201ca\u011fed\u201d (afet) ya da \u201c\u00e7art\u201d (kesim) gibi. \u00d6te yandan konuyu g\u00fcndemine alan t\u00fcm ABD liderlerinin \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Felaket\u201d terimini kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmek de eksik olur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ronald Reagan\u2019\u0131n 22 Nisan 1981\u2019de \u201cHolokost Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201c\u00d6ncesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda gelen Kambo\u00e7yal\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 gibi Holokost\u2019tan al\u0131nan dersler asla unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6zleri Ankara-Washington hatt\u0131nda kriz yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Fikret Bila yaz\u0131s\u0131na \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nde \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131\u201d il\u00e2n etmi\u015flerdir,\u201d diyor. Tasar\u0131da soyk\u0131r\u0131m ge\u00e7iyor, 1,5 milyon Ermeni\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan 1915-1923 aras\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konu al\u0131n\u0131yor ancak T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131\u201d gibi bir ifade bulunmuyor. Zaten tasar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Demokrat Parti\u2019den ve Temsilciler Meclisi \u0130stihbarat Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Adam Schiff de \u201cYapmam\u0131z gereken \u015fey, ger\u00e7ekleri, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 bu \u00e7irkin su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fini ortaya koymak\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Bila yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cHi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki tehcir ac\u0131larla dolu bir olayd\u0131r. O y\u0131llarda tehcir nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar ya\u015fayan sadece Ermeni\u2019ler de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkler de b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Ermenilerin katliamlar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r,\u201d ifadelerini kullan\u0131yor. Bu da ister istemez son d\u00f6nemde yayg\u0131nla\u015fan, daha do\u011frusu Ahmet Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun \u201cadil haf\u0131za\u201d \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 yarat\u0131lan tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun \u201cke\u015ffetti\u011fi\u201d asl\u0131nda \u201cyumu\u015fama\u201d e\u011filimine giren ama inkardan vazge\u00e7meyen bir Ankara politikas\u0131. Bu da bir kitap konusu asl\u0131nda. Yay\u0131nland\u0131 da\u2026 \u00d6mer Turan ve G\u00fcven G\u00fcrkan \u00d6ztan\u2019\u0131n \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cDevlet Akl\u0131 ve 1915\u201d kitab\u0131, Ankara\u2019da onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r iktidar el de\u011fi\u015ftirse de de\u011fi\u015fmeyen \u015feyin \u201cinkarda ortakla\u015fma\u201d tavr\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor ve \u201cdevlet akl\u0131 ad\u0131na konu\u015fan akt\u00f6rlerin hamle repertuarlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 inceliyor.<\/p>\n Fikret Bila\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir ba\u015fka c\u00fcmleyse \u015fu: \u201cT\u00fcrkler, Ermenileri soy olarak ortadan kald\u0131rmak, k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kurutmak amac\u0131yla hareket etmemi\u015flerdir.\u201d Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 Bila\u2019n\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi de\u011fil. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in 9 Aral\u0131k 1948\u2019de onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun \u00d6nlenmesi ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d bu tan\u0131m\u0131 kullanmamakta. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re, ulusal, etnik, \u0131rksal ya da dinsel bir grubu,\u00a0k\u0131smen ya da tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak<\/strong>\u00a0amac\u0131yla i\u015flenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki fiillerden herhangi biri, soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturmakta:<\/p>\n (a) Gruba mensup olanlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, Bila yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrklerin tarihinde de soyk\u0131r\u0131m yoktur\u201d da demekte. Bu da tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu. Ayn\u0131 c\u00fcmle devleti y\u00f6netenler taraf\u0131ndan da ifade edilmi\u015f olsa da Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi i\u00e7in bile bu c\u00fcmleyi kurmak zor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her ne kadar Ankara, konu Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na gelince \u201ctarihi tarih\u00e7ilere b\u0131rakmak gerek\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor olsa da, \u00e7ok de\u011fil yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 y\u0131l sonras\u0131nda, 1937-1938\u2019in Dersim\u2019i i\u00e7in Erdo\u011fan ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u201cE\u011fer devlet ad\u0131na \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemek gerekiyorsa ve b\u00f6yle bir literat\u00fcr varsa ben \u00f6z\u00fcr dilerim, diliyorum,\u201d demi\u015fti. Tam da bu noktada Dersim i\u00e7in de soyk\u0131r\u0131m denilebilece\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n Fikret Bila\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201c\u0130ngilizlerin, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin 141 asker ve sivil y\u00f6neticisini Malta\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp, 1919-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni Emeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.\u201d Bu imkans\u0131z. En az\u0131ndan tarihsel olarak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m iddias\u0131\u201d ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ortada bir \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d olmas\u0131 gerekli ki o d\u00f6nemde bu terim yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Bila\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli tezlerinden biri de Malta Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine: \u201cUlu\u00e7 G\u00fcrkan\u2019\u0131n \u2018Ermeni Sorunu\u2019nu Anlamak\u2019 isimli kitab\u0131nda vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cErmeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 iddialar\u0131na ili\u015fkin hukuken ge\u00e7erli hi\u00e7bir kan\u0131t bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle takipsizlik karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. (\u2026) Malta soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda e\u011fer soyk\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kan\u0131t bulunsayd\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 Yahudi Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle Almanlar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamak \u00fczere kurulan N\u00fcrnberg Mahkemesi gibi bir i\u015flev g\u00f6recekti.\u201d Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ba\u015flayan bir tart\u0131\u015fmada Malta Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 yeni de\u011fil. Fakat bu konu ele al\u0131n\u0131rken her zaman Ankara-Londra hatt\u0131ndaki \u201crehine takas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecini etkileyip etkilemedi\u011fi bir soru i\u015fareti kalacak. Nurnberg\u2019e gelmek gerekirse onun da kesin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek zor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir\u00e7ok Nazi ya hi\u00e7bir zaman yarg\u0131lanmad\u0131 ya da ceza almad\u0131. Zaten bu nedenle de \u201cNazi avc\u0131lar\u0131\u201d ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve sava\u015ftan sonra Almanya\u2019dan ka\u00e7an baz\u0131 Nazileri yakalad\u0131. Bu ka\u00e7\u0131\u015flar\u0131n nas\u0131l k\u0131talar\u0131 a\u015fabildi\u011fini ise 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fclen Adolf Eichmann davas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Hukukun vicdanlar\u0131 rahatlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, adalet getirmedi\u011fi Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sonras\u0131nda da benzeri bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, sonucunda en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc Talat Pa\u015fa olan \u201cintikam eylemleri\u201d d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Yarg\u0131 s\u00fcreci denilmi\u015fken, Fikret Bila\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde bu yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecine s\u00f6z\u00fc getirse de 1919\u2019da kurulan 2. Divan-\u0131 Harp Mahkemelerinin zikredilmemesi de dikkat \u00e7ekici. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcn tutanaklar\u0131 bile Ankara\u2019n\u0131n koridorlar\u0131nda bulunamamakta ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lmamakta.<\/p>\n Fikret Bila, ABD Temsilciler Meclisi\u2019nin \u201cdaha \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 karar\u0131 alan \u00fclkeler gibi, T\u00fcrkleri \u201csoyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6sterip, bir ulusu su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Halbuki ortada su\u00e7lanan bir ulus yok \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc soyk\u0131r\u0131m Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fand\u0131. Failleri aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca bir \u201culus\u201d de\u011fil, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n S\u00fcnni \u0130slam\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kesim vard\u0131. Bu kesimdeki ki\u015fi ve gruplar b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekte. Yani sadece T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt ya da \u00c7erkes demek yeterli ve do\u011fru de\u011fil ancak kesin olan S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun soyk\u0131r\u0131ma fail olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi.<\/p>\n Son olarak Bila\u2019ya g\u00f6re ABD Temsilciler Meclisi bu tasar\u0131y\u0131 kabul ederek \u201casl\u0131nda \u201cnefret su\u00e7u\u201d i\u015flemekte\u201d imi\u015f. En bilinen tan\u0131m\u0131yla nefret su\u00e7u, \u201cbir ki\u015fiye veya gruba kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131rk, dil, din, cinsiyet ve cinsel y\u00f6nelim gibi \u00f6n yarg\u0131 do\u011furabilecek nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015flenen, genellikle \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren su\u00e7lar\u201d diye tan\u0131mlanmakta. Belki deneyimli gazeteci bu terimi, \u201cnefret su\u00e7u\u201dnu, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla kullanm\u0131\u015f, yukar\u0131daki hatalar\u0131 da hem kendisinin, hem de edit\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7\u0131vermi\u015ftir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Bila\u2019n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir kez \u201cErmeni\u201d yerine \u201cEmeni\u201d yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026 Belki t\u00fcm bunlar sadece bir yaz\u0131m hatas\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 Kim bilir?<\/p>\n
\n(b) Grubun mensuplar\u0131na ciddi surette bedensel ya da zihinsel zarar verilmesi,
\n(c) Grubun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ya da k\u0131smen, fiziksel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 hesaplanarak, ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kasten de\u011fi\u015ftirmek,
\n(d) Grup i\u00e7inde do\u011fumlar\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6nlemler almak,
\n(e) Gruba mensup \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 zorla bir ba\u015fka gruba nakletmek.<\/p>\n