{"id":55453,"date":"2019-10-30T02:24:43","date_gmt":"2019-10-30T07:24:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55453"},"modified":"2019-10-30T02:24:43","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T07:24:43","slug":"ermeni-ve-ezidilerin-gozunden-karsin-kurtulusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55453","title":{"rendered":"Ermeni ve Ezidilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

30 Ekim 1920\u2019de 15. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Karabekir b\u00f6lgeye girecek, Ermenilere yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu g\u00f6r\u00fcnecekti. Arakelyan ailesi de gidenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131: \u201cTarlalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrmeye, ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k; tam \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc toplayacakken yeniden T\u00fcrklerin Kars\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi ula\u015ft\u0131. Yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu tuttuk\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/p>\n

30 Ekim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cKars\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtulu\u015fu\u201d olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. 1920\u2019de Kaz\u0131m Karabekir komutas\u0131ndaki ordunun \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle Kars T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdi ve \u015fehrin kaderi de\u011fi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te en \u00e7ok etkilenenlerse Ermeniler ve Ezidiler oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya, 93 Harbi olarak da bilinen 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rusya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonucunda imzalanan Ayastefanos Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Kafkas cephesinde Batum, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r, Kars ve Bayezid sancaklar\u0131n\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katt\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 bunlardan sadece Bayezid sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 13 Temmuz 1878\u2019te imzalanan Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile geri alabildi. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n geri kalan topraklardan, \u201celviye-i-sel\u00e2se\u201d olarak an\u0131lan di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesi ise, 1917 Ekim Devrimi ile iktidara gelen Bol\u015fevik h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 3 Mart 1918\u2019de imzalayaca\u011f\u0131 Brest-Litovsk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile oldu.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 birliklerinin yeniden b\u00f6lgeye giri\u015fi \u015fehirde g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 yaratt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle de Ermeniler aras\u0131nda. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131s\u0131 Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan Prof. Verjine Svazlian\u2019\u0131n \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda yer alan an\u0131lardan biri Kars\u2019\u0131n Ts\u0131pni k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumlu A\u011fasi Ar\u015fak Karoyan\u2019a ait.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkler Ermenileri g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlad\u0131klar\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. (\u2026) Ailemizi hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum: babam beni ve benden iki ya\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck ablam\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p arabaya bindirdi ve d\u00fc\u015fmememiz i\u00e7in ba\u011flad\u0131. Yolda, T\u00fcrkler bize ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131yorlard\u0131. Biz de mecburen ka\u00e7\u0131yorduk. (\u2026) Aras Nehri\u2019nin \u00f6b\u00fcr yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz zaman nehir ta\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bizim milletin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sular g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ben arabadayd\u0131m. Suyun i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erken arabam\u0131z\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 suya batm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u00e7eke \u00e7eke onu sudan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k. S\u00fclalemizde 23 ki\u015fi vard\u0131. Aras\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra geriye birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi kald\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin aras\u0131nda Ezidiler de bulunuyordu. Onlardan biri 1912\u2019de Kars\u2019\u0131n \u011e\u0131z\u0131l\u011fula k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fan Khanuma C\u0131ndi Calil\u2019di. Ailesinin \u201cErmenilerle i\u00e7li d\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, kendisi de r\u00f6portaj\u0131n\u0131 Ermenice veriyordu. Babas\u0131n\u0131n da Ermenice konu\u015ftu\u011funu vurgulayarak\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00fclalemizde 57 ki\u015fi vard\u0131. (\u2026) O b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fclaleden sadece ben hayatta kald\u0131m. (\u2026) 1918\u2019de biz de Ermenilerle birlikte Ezidiler olarak Kars\u2019tan g\u00f6\u00e7 ettik. (\u2026) G\u00f6\u00e7 yolunda T\u00fcrkler bizi takip ediyorlard\u0131. Arkam\u0131zdan gelip rastlad\u0131klar\u0131 insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ermeni, Ezidi birbirimize kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, geride bir s\u00fcr\u00fc ceset b\u0131rakarak ka\u00e7\u0131yorduk. Ama bug\u00fcne kadar hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc var; orada T\u00fcrkler \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131p hem Ermenileri hem de Ezidileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Orada babam\u0131 ve annemi de t\u00fcfekle vurup \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Amcam beni ve kendi o\u011flu Kamel\u2019i yan\u0131na ald\u0131; y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek A\u015ftarak\u2019a vard\u0131k.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lge k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetinde kald\u0131 ancak bu uzun s\u00fcrmedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 30 Ekim 1918\u2019deki Mondros M\u00fctarekesi Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin 1914 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n gerilerine \u00e7ekilmesine h\u00fckmediyordu. Ermeniler i\u00e7in yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri topraklara d\u00f6n\u00fcyorlard\u0131. 1903\u2019te Kars\u2019\u0131n Ts\u0131pni k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumlu Ann\u0131man Hambardzum Arakelyan\u2019\u0131n ailesi gibi.<\/p>\n

\u201cRuslar\u0131n Kars\u2019\u0131 geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkleri \u015fehirden att\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Ermeni muhacirler ayn\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelerek yeniden geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fler; gidip, T\u00fcrklerin, kendi \u00f6z k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc terk etmek istemeyen papaz\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131 kestiklerini ve evinin kap\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7akm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler. Biz de geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde bizim zavall\u0131 papaz\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131 kap\u0131ya \u00e7ak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vaziyette g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1919\u2019da yeniden Kars\u2019a, k\u00f6ylerimize geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fakat bu yeni s\u00fcre\u00e7 de uzun s\u00fcrmeyecekti. 30 Ekim 1920\u2019de 15. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Karabekir b\u00f6lgeye girecek, Ermenilere yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu g\u00f6r\u00fcnecekti. Arakelyan ailesi de gidenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cTarlalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrmeye, ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k; tam \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc toplayacakken yeniden T\u00fcrklerin Kars\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi ula\u015ft\u0131. Yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu tuttuk. T\u00fcrkler yeniden evlerimize ak\u0131n ettiler; ya\u011fma ve y\u0131k\u0131m yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131. Varsenik halam T\u00fcrk Ordusu\u2019nun yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce korkudan iki \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla birlikte kendini suya atm\u0131\u015f ve bo\u011fulmu\u015f. A\u011fasi dedemi ve benim iki kayn\u0131m\u0131 da birbirine ba\u011flay\u0131p suya atm\u0131\u015f ve bo\u011fmu\u015flar. Kocam\u0131n yedi day\u0131s\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f; hepsi de bo\u011fazlanm\u0131\u015f. G\u00f6\u00e7 zulm\u00fc yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131. Bizi Kars\u2019tan s\u00fcrd\u00fcler; gece vakti Ka\u011fz\u0131van\u2019dan (Ka\u011f\u0131zman) ge\u00e7tik. Amcam\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 suya gitti; ben de onu takip ettim ve kayboldum. Sonra o gelip beni muhacirlerin aras\u0131nda buldu. Kars\u2019tan Leninakan\u2019a geldik. Beni Amerikan Yetimhanesi\u2019ne yerle\u015ftirdiler. Bizim k\u00f6yl\u00fcler Talin B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki Tutulavan K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019ne yerle\u015ftiler.\u201d<\/p>\n

Benzeri bir g\u00f6\u00e7 anlat\u0131s\u0131 1912\u2019de Kars\u2019ta do\u011fan Parandzem Kostan Ter-Hakobyan\u2019a ait:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrklerin geri \u00e7ekildi\u011fi haberi geldi. Biz evimize, Kars\u2019a gitmek i\u00e7in G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019ye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck. G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019de, kaybolan ablalar\u0131m\u0131 bulduk ve yayan olarak Kars\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fck. Evimizi harabeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f bir halde bulduk. Ama, mecburen i\u00e7eri girip ilkbahardan sonbahara kadar orada ya\u015fad\u0131k. Hasat zaman\u0131 T\u00fcrkler yeniden Ermenilere sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkler Kars Kalesi\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdi ve orada kal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ermenilerin ordusu yoktu. Ordu Da\u015fnaklar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeydi; Da\u015fnaklar ise ortal\u0131kta yoktular; ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve ordu sahipsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkler ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015fti; biz ka\u00e7amad\u0131k. S\u00fclalemizin fertlerinden bir\u00e7o\u011fu birbirini kaybetti.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kars\u2019tan g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a do\u011fru ilerleyecek, fakat \u00f6l\u00fcm Yerevan\u2019da da onlar\u0131 bulacakt\u0131. Bu kez hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetme nedeniyse salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar olacakt\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cDostlar\u0131m\u0131z bizimle Yerevan\u2019a gitmeye karar verdiler; orada, babam bir yolunu bulup bize bakmak i\u00e7in mesle\u011fini icra edecekti. Yerevan\u2019da b\u00fct\u00fcn muhacirler Surp Sarkis Kilisesi\u2019nin avlusuna dolmu\u015flard\u0131; orada a\u00e7\u0131k havada ya\u015f\u0131yorduk. Tif\u00fcs ve kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Babam y\u00fczlerce ba\u015fka insanla birlikte vefat etti; b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn, onlar\u0131n cesetlerini arabalarla ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n

* Forum kategorimiz \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrde i\u00e7eri\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Gazete Duvar\u2019\u0131n editoryal politikas\u0131yla uyumlu olmak zorunda de\u011fildir.<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/forum\/2019\/10\/30\/ermenilerin-ve-ezidilerin-gozunden-karsin-kurtulusu\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

30 Ekim 1920\u2019de 15. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Karabekir b\u00f6lgeye girecek, Ermenilere yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu g\u00f6r\u00fcnecekti. Arakelyan ailesi de gidenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131: \u201cTarlalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrmeye, ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k; tam \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc toplayacakken yeniden T\u00fcrklerin Kars\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi ula\u015ft\u0131. Yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu tuttuk\u2026\u201d Serdar Korucu 30 Ekim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cKars\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtulu\u015fu\u201d olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. 1920\u2019de Kaz\u0131m Karabekir komutas\u0131ndaki ordunun \u015fehri ele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":55454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nErmeni ve Ezidilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55453\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermeni ve Ezidilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"30 Ekim 1920\u2019de 15. Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Karabekir b\u00f6lgeye girecek, Ermenilere yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu g\u00f6r\u00fcnecekti. Arakelyan ailesi de gidenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131: \u201cTarlalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrmeye, ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k; tam \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc toplayacakken yeniden T\u00fcrklerin Kars\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi ula\u015ft\u0131. Yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu tuttuk\u2026\u201d Serdar Korucu 30 Ekim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cKars\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtulu\u015fu\u201d olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. 1920\u2019de Kaz\u0131m Karabekir komutas\u0131ndaki ordunun \u015fehri ele […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=55453\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-30T07:24:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/10\/\u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n-kurtulu\u015fu\u2019.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"736\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"414\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Ermeni ve Ezidilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu\u2019\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-30T07:24:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453\"},\"wordCount\":1152,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2019\\\/10\\\/\u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n-kurtulu\u015fu\u2019.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\",\"Makaleler\",\"Tarih Sayfalar\u0131\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=55453\",\"name\":\"Ermeni ve Ezidilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden \u2018Kars\u2019\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu\u2019 - 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