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Oktay Ek\u015fi\u2019nin 1956-61 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gazetecilik deneyimini aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131 \u201cGazetecilikte Ge\u00e7en O Y\u0131llar \u2013 2\u201d okurla bulu\u015ftu. \u00dclkenin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m 27 May\u0131s\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 yurt gezilerinde gazeteci g\u00f6z\u00fcyle izleyen Ek\u015fi, d\u00f6nemin atmosferini birinci elden tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktar\u0131yor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/p>\n Oktay Ek\u015fi\u2019nin 1956\u2019dan 1961\u2019e kadar olan gazetecilik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u201cO Y\u0131llar-2\u201d Epsilon Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u0131. Kitab\u0131n i\u00e7inde Ek\u015fi\u2019nin her ne kadar anmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmasa da izlerine rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan tam 41 y\u0131l sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Harput ziyareti de yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcnya\u2019y\u0131 burada al\u0131p senin Harput\u2019ta bir Gazeteci yaz\u0131n\u0131 okudum. Dokundu\u011fu dertten oldu\u011fu kadar, dokunu\u015fundaki g\u00fczellikten de g\u00f6zlerim ya\u015fard\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n CHP\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Ulus gazetesinde r\u00f6portajlar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanan daha sonra ayn\u0131 gazetede s\u00fctun sahibi olacak ve ard\u0131ndansa siyasete at\u0131larak Ba\u015fbakan olacak B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019in bu mektubu kaleme alma nedeni, 19 Mart 1956\u2019da D\u00fcnya\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan bir yaz\u0131yd\u0131. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n sahibi Oktay Ek\u015fi\u2019ydi ve ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ysa \u201cHarput\u2019ta bir Gazeteci\u201dydi.<\/p>\n Ek\u015fi\u2019nin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ilham veren Ankara\u2019da izledi\u011fi \u201cHarput\u2019ta bir Amerikal\u0131\u201d isimli tiyatro oyunuydu. Oktay Ek\u015fi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fine Harput\u2019taki ilk izlenimi ile ba\u015fl\u0131yordu: \u201cHarput\u2019tan ilk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz \u015fey, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Harput\u2019un bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumunu anlatan b\u00fcy\u00fck mezar ta\u015flar\u0131. 12 bin hanelik Harput\u2019tan bug\u00fcn sadece 60 hane kalm\u0131\u015f.\u201d Her ne kadar o yaz\u0131da bu mezarlar\u0131n kime ait oldu\u011funu ifade etmese de 63 y\u0131l sonra kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0O Y\u0131llar-2<\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131nda konuyu biraz a\u00e7ma gere\u011fi duymakta: \u201cHarput\u2019a yakla\u015f\u0131nca kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00f6nce kabristan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 orada bir zamanlar hayli \u00e7ok say\u0131da Hristiyan \u2013daha a\u00e7\u0131k ifadeyle Ermeni- ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n Gazeteci Oktay Ek\u015fi\u2019nin Ermeni olduklar\u0131n\u0131 63 y\u0131l sonra \u201cdaha a\u00e7\u0131k ifadeyle\u201d vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten de b\u00f6lgenin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini hat\u0131rlatmakta. Raymond K\u00e9vorkian\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ncesi Harput\u2019ta, Ermenice ad\u0131yla \u201cta\u015ftan kale\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Kharpert\u2019te, 57 yerle\u015fim yerinde, 67 kilisesi, 9 manast\u0131r\u0131 ve 8 bin 660 \u00f6\u011frencili 92 okulu ile 39 bin 788 Ermeni ya\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan 41 y\u0131l sonra Harput\u2019a giden Oktay Ek\u015fi i\u00e7in hem 1956\u2019da hem de bug\u00fcn haf\u0131zas\u0131nda kalan kadar\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Harput\u2019ta de\u011fi\u015fmeyen bir \u015fey var, o da b\u00f6lgenin \u201c\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d. Ek\u015fi yeni kitab\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7ok az say\u0131da ev sa\u011flamd\u0131 ve perdelerinden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131\u201d yazmakta. 1956\u2019daysa \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu: \u201cZelzele ge\u00e7irmemi\u015f, sel bask\u0131n\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f, istila edilmemi\u015f, yanmam\u0131\u015f, yak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f fakat \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015fehir.\u201d<\/p>\n Bu \u015fehrin neden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyse asl\u0131nda biliniyor. Her ne kadar Ek\u015fi buna de\u011finmese de\u2026 Sonu\u00e7ta Harput\u2019taki Alman K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u2019\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Danimarkal\u0131 misyoner Miss Hanisa Marcher\u2019in tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde, Almanya konsolos vekilinin 16 Mart 1915\u2019te b\u00f6lgenin\u00a0valisi Sabit (Sa\u011f\u0131ro\u011flu) Bey ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra misyonerlerle ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi yerken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespitlerini aktarmas\u0131 kay\u0131tlara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f durumda:<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Ermeniler yok edilmelidir ve yok edileceklerdir; Ermeniler T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir hakimiyet kuracak kadar zenginle\u015ftiler ve \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n Alman konsolos vekilinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecekti. Ermenilerin n\u00fcfusu kadar soyk\u0131r\u0131m izlerini de yok edecekti. \u00d6yle ki Oktay Ek\u015fi, itinayla Ulu Cami\u2019den bahsedecek b\u00f6lgenin \u00fcnl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u201cArap Baba\u201dy\u0131 en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar okuyucusuna aktaracak, \u201cS\u00fct Kalesi\u201d diye an\u0131lan Harput Kalesi\u2019niyse Urartular\u2019a de\u011fil de Asuriler devrine dayand\u0131rarak anlatacakt\u0131. Ek\u015fi\u2019nin 1956\u2019daki yaz\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re geri kalansa \u201cy\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131\u201dyd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda hakl\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7ekten de b\u00f6lgenin simgesel yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan Merkez Ermeni Koleji\/Amerikan Yeprad (F\u0131rat) Koleji dahi o d\u00f6nemde ayakta de\u011fildi ve belki de kendisinin \u201crastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyordu. Bunu kendisinin bilmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc F\u0131rat Koleji, b\u00f6lgenin Robert Koleji\u2019ydi.<\/p>\n Oktay Ek\u015fi\u2019nin yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yazmadan 42 y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00f6nemin enc\u00fcmen katibi \u0130shak (Sunguro\u011flu) Bey\u2019in de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu yetkililer koleji ziyaret etmi\u015fti. Sunguro\u011flu,\u00a0Harput Yollar\u0131<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki an\u0131lar\u0131nda, kolejin 2 Haziran 1914\u2019te kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezuniyet t\u00f6reninde \u201csalonun h\u0131ncah\u0131n\u00e7 Ermeni ailelerle dolu\u201d oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Elaz\u0131\u011f \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re ise kolej \u201c1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nce\u00a0askeri e\u011fitim kamp\u0131 sonrada askeri hastane olarak kullan\u0131lacak\u201dt\u0131. Y\u0131k\u0131msa Cumhuriyet ilan\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanacakt\u0131: \u201cCumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da resmi olarak kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okul binalar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan yap\u0131 yoktur.\u201d Sunguro\u011flu ise y\u0131k\u0131m s\u00fcrecini \u015f\u00f6yle anlatacakt\u0131: \u201c(\u2026) al\u00e2kal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131larak y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu suretle tarihe mal edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n Raymond K\u00e9vorkian\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi kolej binalar\u0131 26 Mart 1915\u2019te Amerikan okullar\u0131na el koyma karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ermenilere hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacakt\u0131. Bu kapsamda 1915 Paskalyas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yani 4 Nisan\u2019da \u00f6nce Ermeni kul\u00fcplerinde aramalar yap\u0131l\u0131yor, liderler tutuklan\u0131yordu. \u201cBaz\u0131 ki\u015filerin elinde bombalar ve silahlar bulundu\u011fu\u201d iddias\u0131 da dillendirilmeye ba\u015flanmaktayd\u0131 ancak Harput\u2019ta bulunan Amerikan Konsolosu Leslie Davis\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cbir\u00e7ok vakada su\u00e7lanan ki\u015filerin bah\u00e7elerinde bulunan bombalar\u0131n buralara Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 kan\u0131t \u00fcretmek amac\u0131yla polis taraf\u0131ndan konulmu\u015f olabilir\u201ddi. Tutuklanan liderler i\u015fkence g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, aramalar imha ya\u011fmalamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecekti. Daha sonra s\u0131ra, \u201cHristiyanlar kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da hayran oldu\u011fu\u201d ve \u201cdevlete kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 eylem planland\u0131klar\u0131ndan kesinlikle \u015f\u00fcphe edilmeyen\u201d Yeprad Koleji \u00f6\u011fretmenlerine gelecekti. Gitgide tutuklamalar artarken 26 Haziran\u2019da Ermenilerin tehcir karar\u0131 duyurulacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgedeki soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecine ABD konsolosu Davis istese de engel olamayacak, resmi istatistiklere g\u00f6re \u201cticaretin ve bankalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen i\u015f hacminin\u201d y\u00fczde\u00a090\u2019\u0131n\u0131n \u201cErmenilere ait oldu\u011funu\u201d ve Ermenilerin i\u015flerinin \u201cd\u00fczelme ihtimali olmayan\u201d bir y\u0131k\u0131ma maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zleyecek ve k\u00f6t\u00fcmser bir \u015fekilde \u201cOrta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6recekti.<\/p>\n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00fczerine kurulu Harput i\u00e7in Oktay Ek\u015fi\u2019nin yaz\u0131s\u0131nda hemfikir olunabilecek belki de tek sat\u0131r kal\u0131yor: \u201cHerkes biliyor Harput\u2019un \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n