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12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en kanl\u0131 ve karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. \u0130\u015fkenceler, idamlar, faili me\u00e7huller, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler… DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131klar\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ve gazetecilerle konu\u015ftu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980… Kenan Evren’in ba\u015f mimar\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u00a0askeri darbe, kanl\u0131 ve karanl\u0131k bir sayfa olarak tarihe kaz\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0Tank sesleriyle g\u00fcne uyanan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bir daha hi\u00e7bir \u015fey eskisi gibi olmayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fkenceler, idamlar, faili me\u00e7huller, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler\u2026 Sans\u00fcr ve yasaklar geldi ard\u0131ndan\u2026 Kitaplar, gazeteler, filmler, \u015fark\u0131lar yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00fclmek de yasakt\u0131. Kenan Evren ve cunta y\u00f6netimi kendi notalar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n M\u00fczik Yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Cem Y\u0131lmaz, “Kenan Evren b\u00f6yle bir \u015fark\u0131 sipari\u015fi veriyor. Alelacele bu yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Ve denemesi de bunun Metris Cezaevi\u2019nde ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Sabah 8\u2019de ba\u015fl\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiyem T\u00fcrkiyem Cennetim, d\u00f6n \u00e7al \u00e7al arada i\u015fte askeri mar\u015flar \u00e7al d\u00f6n \u00e7al d\u00f6n \u00e7al d\u00f6n \u00e7al.\u00a0Ben aylarca bu \u015fark\u0131y\u0131 dinlemek zorunda kald\u0131m” s\u00f6zleriyle ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiyem \u015fark\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 1980 darbesinde 650 bin ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. 16 ki\u015finin ka\u00e7arken, 74 ki\u015finin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. 49 ki\u015fi idam edildi. 171 ki\u015fi i\u015fkence sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Bilinen i\u015fkence y\u00f6ntemlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015fark\u0131lar ve mar\u015flar da i\u015fkence arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bunlardan biri de M\u00fc\u015ferref Akay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiyem \u015fark\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u0130SK Bas\u0131n \u0130\u015f Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Faruk Eren, “Ko\u011fu\u015fun o mazgal\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne kolonlar koyup 24 saat y\u00fcksek sesle m\u00fczik dinletiyorlard\u0131. Art\u0131k \u00f6yle bir hale gelmi\u015fti ki tabi bunlar\u0131 kasetten \u00e7al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Kasedin sonu gelip arada bir bo\u015fluk olunca mesela o sesle uyumaya al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, o bo\u015flukta uyan\u0131yorduk” dedi.<\/p>\n 12 Eyl\u00fcl’den \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sol hareket vard\u0131. Sendikalar \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Mahalleler \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, suikastlar ba\u015flad\u0131. Solun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 silahland\u0131. 1977\u2019de 1 May\u0131s, 1978\u2019de Kahramanmara\u015f katliam\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok ilde s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi.<\/p>\n M\u00fc\u015ferref Akay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiyem \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 ise y\u0131llar sonra m\u00fczik \u015firketi kuran Cem Y\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Cem Y\u0131lmaz, “Bir g\u00fcn bir arkada\u015f geldi dedi ki ben kapataca\u011f\u0131m benim elimde 7-8 tane alb\u00fcm var sat\u0131n al\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n dedi. Bir bakay\u0131m dedim al\u0131r\u0131m ondan sonra. A bir bakt\u0131m M\u00fc\u015ferref Akay T\u00fcrkiyem. Ondan sonra haklar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m. Basmad\u0131m CD\u2019yi” dedi.<\/p>\n Y\u0131lmaz, alb\u00fcm\u00fc neden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: “Hop deme anlam\u0131nda dur deme anlam\u0131nda, ne yap\u0131yorsun deme anlam\u0131nda, ben engel oluyorum bak ben de bir bireyim bir g\u00fcc\u00fcm anlam\u0131nda.”<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul\u2019da gazeteler 300 g\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. 39 ton gazete, dergi, kitap yak\u0131ld\u0131. 40 tonu ise depolara kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Sol literat\u00fcre ait kitaplar imha ediliyordu.<\/p>\n Gazeteci Turhan G\u00fcnay, “Sol diye niteledi\u011fi bunlar espri de\u011fildir anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r mesela adam\u0131n evine gelmi\u015f Meydan Larousse\u2019lar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f gitmi\u015f i\u00e7inde Rus laf\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor diye polis” dedi.<\/p>\n \u015eark\u0131lara sans\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n Darbe sans\u00fcr\u00fc de beraberinde getirdi. 927 film yasakland\u0131. TRT\u2019de 208 \u015fark\u0131ya yasak geldi. Ruhi Su, Selda Ba\u011fcan, Z\u00fclf\u00fc Livaneli gibi pek \u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131 art\u0131k yasakl\u0131yd\u0131. Cem Karaca\u00a01978\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 May\u0131s pla\u011f\u0131nda kom\u00fcnizm propagandas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle arananlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Darbe oldu\u011funda bir konser i\u00e7in gitti\u011fi Almanya\u2019dayd\u0131. Sekiz y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye’ye d\u00f6nemedi.<\/p>\n Sanat\u00e7\u0131, Derya K\u00f6ro\u011flu, “Sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131na da herkesin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na da y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m vurmu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na her \u015feyi da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl. Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7an \u00e7ok insan oldu. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan da oldu. Yani benim sonradan yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda konserlerde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Melike Demira\u011f vard\u0131. \u015eanar Yurdatapan vard\u0131” s\u00f6zleriyle 12 Eyl\u00fcl d\u00f6nemini anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Yeni T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 1979\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan Bu\u011fday\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc alb\u00fcm\u00fc ise piyasadan \u00e7ekildi. 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn etkisi y\u0131llarca hatta on y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Peki aradan ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda ne de\u011fi\u015fti?<\/p>\n Faruk Eren, “12 Eyl\u00fcl hukuku vard\u0131. \u015eu anda bir hukuk yok zaten. Son derece keyfi kararlar uygulan\u0131yor.\u00a0Hukuk art\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bir yanda\u015f\u0131 halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor bence. Pardon yarg\u0131 demem laz\u0131m. O yarg\u0131dan bir adalet \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor” dedi.<\/p>\n Darbenin \u00fczerinden 39 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin demokrasi s\u0131nav\u0131 ise hala devam ediyor.<\/p>\n