\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nMardin \u00fczerine bug\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri olan \u2018Mardin: A\u015firet \u2013 Cemaat \u2013 Devlet\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 3. bask\u0131s\u0131 Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ilk bask\u0131s\u0131na olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli eklemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve Tomas \u00c7erme’ye ithaf edilen bu yeni bask\u0131yla ilgili olarak kitab\u0131n yazarlar\u0131ndan Suavi Ayd\u0131n\u2019la konu\u015ftuk.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nKitab\u0131n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bask\u0131s\u0131yla yeni yay\u0131nlanan geni\u015fletilmi\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda ne gibi farklar var? Okurlar geni\u015fletilimi\u015f bask\u0131da daha \u00f6nceki bask\u0131dan farkl\u0131 olarak neler bulacaklar?\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u00d6ncelikle i\u00e7 tasar\u0131mda ufak-tefek de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu. Baz\u0131 alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri birle\u015ftirdik; daha \u00f6nce kopukluk oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yerlerde devaml\u0131l\u0131k lehine m\u00fcdahalelerimiz oldu. Ayr\u0131ca ve daha \u00f6nemlisi, yeni yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda prehistorik d\u00f6nemlere ve ilk\u00e7a\u011fa ili\u015fkin b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olduk\u00e7a geni\u015fledi. \u00d6zellikle G\u00f6beklitepe, K\u00f6rtiktepe ve Il\u0131su baraj\u0131 kurtarma kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bilgiler eklendi\u011fi gibi, Suriye ve Irak prehistoryas\u0131 ve ilk\u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin yeni veriler \u00fczerinden Mardin eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019ya s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flayan ili\u015fki a\u011f\u0131 daha a\u00e7\u0131k hale geldi. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00e7ok geni\u015fledi; a\u015firetlere ili\u015fkin ar\u015fiv kaynaklar\u0131yla Mardin \u015fehir hayat\u0131na, rekabetine ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair yeni kaynaklar de\u011ferlendirildi. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee cemaatler\/tarikatlar ile seyyidler \u00fczerine daha geni\u015f bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve ekledik. Tur Abdin tarihinin ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Midyat ve Nusaybin \u00e7evresi ilk bask\u0131larda daha az de\u011finilen yerlerdi. Bu bask\u0131da, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu b\u00f6lgenin tarihini temelden etkileyen geli\u015fmelere, Bedirhan Bey\u2019in b\u00f6lgeye etkisine ve tasfiyesi sonras\u0131nda Tur Abdin\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme, Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n etkilerine ve Hamidiye alaylar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fkiliyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verildi. Britanya ve Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar kullan\u0131larak 1895\u2019ten itibaren ba\u015flayan ve 1925\u2019e kadar devam eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nem daha derinlemesine ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\nKitab\u0131n alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan a\u015firet kavram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mardin ve Mardinliler i\u00e7in ne ifade ediyor?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nA\u015firetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve etkisi 1950\u2019den itibaren s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak \u00f6ncesinde b\u00f6lgeyi derinden etkileyen esasl\u0131 bir dinamikti. Topra\u011fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlere g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1950 sonras\u0131nda a\u015firetler etkilerini kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Lakin a\u015firet liderleri i\u015fadam\u0131 haline gelmeye ba\u015flayarak \u015fehirlerdeki istihdam imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 belirli d\u00fczeylerde kontrol etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar ve a\u015firet mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n bu yoldan i\u015flendirilmesi devam etti; bu g\u00f6reli de olsa a\u015firetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bir dinamikti. \u00d6te yandan a\u015firet liderlerinin siyas\u00ee fig\u00fcrler haline gelmesi de bu geli\u015fmeyi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde destekledi. Ama her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda a\u015firetlerin etkisinin, \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmekle birlikte, s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Eski a\u015firet dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131; topra\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve a\u015firetlerin toprak \u00fczerindeki denetim etkisi neredeyse ortadan kalkt\u0131. Baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015firetlerin 1925\u2019ten itibaren Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalmas\u0131 da onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan etkisini k\u0131rd\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol eden Milli ve Milan a\u015firet konfederasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi, Milli ve Milan n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131nda ba\u015fka a\u015firetlerin etkisinin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u015firetlerin liderlerinin devlet organlar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7ine girerek Millilerin ve Milanlar\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bundan sonra onlar\u0131 belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131, milletvekili hatta bakan olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. Mardin \u015fehir hayat\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Mardin\u2019e h\u00fckmetme m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7inde olan ailelerin (hanedanlar\u0131n) baz\u0131 a\u015firetleri \u015fehrin \u00e7eperine davet ederek g\u00fc\u00e7 temerk\u00fcz\u00fc pe\u015finde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu a\u015firetler de \u015fehirle\u015fti ve \u015fehrin siyas\u00ee hayat\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldular, hatta zaman zaman \u015fehri y\u00f6nettiler. Ama bu geli\u015fme onlar\u0131n a\u015firetlere has kabiliyetleri kaybederek \u015fehrin taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7melerine, bu nedenle de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u015fehri tehdit eden a\u015firetlere kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin silahl\u0131 unsuru olarak, \u2018militia\u2019la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fehirde misyoner faaliyetlerinin, H\u0131ristiyan cemaatler aras\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ve Tanzimat\u2019la birlikte merkez\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fbmetin \u015fehri ve \u00e7evresini kontrol etme m\u00fccadelesinin etkisiyle, bu geleneksel akt\u00f6rlerin yeni siyas\u00ee akt\u00f6rler lehine g\u00f6rece geri plana \u00e7ekilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ama \u015fehirdeki etkileri, b\u00fcy\u00fck aile \u00e7evreleri olarak, alttan alta devam etti. Bug\u00fcn bile \u015fehrin siyas\u00ee hayat\u0131nda siyas\u00ee partilerin i\u00e7inde veya ba\u015fka \u015fekillerde onlar\u0131n etkilerini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahit olmaktay\u0131z. \u00d6te yandan 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u015fehirde K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusun art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bu ailelerin etkisini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\nAyn\u0131 soruyu kitab\u0131n alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u2018cemaat\u2019 kavram\u0131yla ilgili de sormak istiyorum. Cemaat kavram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mardin ve Mardinliler i\u00e7in ne ifade ediyor?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nCemaat derken, daha \u00e7ok H\u0131ristiyan cemaatleri kast etmi\u015ftik. Geni\u015f bir \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee co\u011frafyada adalar halinde ya\u015fayan bu cemaatlerin varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme m\u00fccadeleleri pek \u00e7ok taktikle ya\u015famalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Kitap bu taktiklerin tarih i\u00e7indeki ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u015fehrin yeni siyas\u00ee ve toplumsal hayat\u0131 i\u00e7inde bu kez belli \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee tarikatlar\u0131n rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor. Bu tarikatlar\u0131n cemaatleri olu\u015ftu ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi de dahil olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgenin siyasetinde etkili olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kitab\u0131n geni\u015fleyen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bu etkilerin analizine y\u00f6neldi\u011fimizi de g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. \u00d6te yandan b\u00f6lgenin h\u00e2l\u00e2 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren en eski toplulu\u011fu olan S\u00fcryani cemaatinin, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda misyonerlerin etkisi alt\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7inden Protestan ve Katolik cemaatlerin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bunun da bir cemaat i\u00e7i \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya ve rekabete yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kitap bunu ele al\u0131yor, ama bu cemaatle\u015fmenin tarihini daha da eskiye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Zira 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan Bat\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131nda, en eski Ermeni Katolik cemaatlerden biri Mardin\u2019de olu\u015ftu. Nasturi kilisesi i\u00e7inden Keldani kilisesi do\u011fdu. Cemaatini ve etkisini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan S\u00fcryani Kadim kilisesi, bu geli\u015fmelere kar\u015f\u0131 direnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lakin onlar\u0131n da etkisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131; zira Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi S\u00fcryanileri ayr\u0131 bir \u2018millet\u2019 olarak kabul etmiyor ve onlar\u0131 Ermeni Gregoryen Patrikhanesi\u2019nin ba\u011fl\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmeyi tercih ediyordu. S\u00fcryaniler, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir de ayr\u0131 bir cemaat olarak kabul edilme sava\u015f\u0131 verdiler ve bu stat\u00fcye ancak 1914\u2019te eri\u015febildiler. Ondan \u00f6nce, Tanzimat d\u00f6neminde, vilayet meclislerinde ayr\u0131 temsil edilme kabiliyeti elde etmi\u015flerdi ama ironik olarak onlar gibi S\u00fcryani Katolik ve Protestanlar da ayr\u0131 birer cemaat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Mardin co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok azalm\u0131\u015f da olsa, cemaat olarak ya\u015fayan bir topluluk olarak yine S\u00fcryanileri g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Say\u0131 azald\u0131k\u00e7a cemaat i\u00e7i dayan\u0131\u015fma da s\u0131k\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve daha \u00f6nceki din tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 biraz daha geriye at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin kiliseleri a\u00e7\u0131k tutma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Mardin\u2019deki Keldani kilisesinde belli aral\u0131klarla Pazar ayini d\u00fczenlenmekte ve buna S\u00fcryaniler i\u015ftirak etmektedir.<\/p>\n\u20181915\u2019in Mardin\u2019in \u015fehir tarihindeki \u00f6nemi nedir?\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1915, Mardin i\u00e7in, kalabal\u0131k Ermeni Katolik cemaatinin tamamen kayb\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Mardin \u015fehir merkezinde, Derik\u2019te, Tel Armen\u2019de (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u0131z\u0131ltepe) ve civar\u0131ndaki birka\u00e7 k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayan Ermeni n\u00fcfusun tamam\u0131 tehcire t\u00e2bi tutulmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten sonra Mardin Ermeni n\u00fcfusundan s\u00f6z edemeyiz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Ermenilerin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyan cemaatlerin yeni taktikler geli\u015ftirerek varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu taktikler i\u00e7inde, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda S\u00fcryani k\u00f6y ve mahallelerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 direni\u015f ve devlete \u2018Ermeni olmad\u0131klar\u0131\u2019 (ayr\u0131ca devlete sad\u0131k olduklar\u0131n\u0131) g\u00f6sterme gayreti de yer al\u0131r. Her \u015fekilde bir \u2018savunma durumu\u2019 s\u00f6z konusudur ve bu durum b\u00f6lge H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu dinami\u011fin ilk kurban\u0131 Keldani ve Nasturiler olmu\u015f; Mardin ve m\u00fccavirinde Keldani ve Nasturi cemaati de kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tutunanlar sadece S\u00fcryani Kadim\u2019lerdi; onlar\u0131n da n\u00fcfusu b\u00f6lgede giderek azal\u0131r.<\/p>\nMardin\u2019de 1895\u2019te ya\u015fananlarla 1915\u2019te ya\u015fananlar aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir? Kitapta 1895\u2019te Ermeni kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 koruyan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 1915\u2019tekilere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyorsunuz? Bu fark\u0131n nedeni nedir?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>
\n1895-1896 olaylar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 daha \u00e7ok bir a\u015firet hareketi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hamidiyele\u015fen a\u015firetler, sadece Mardin\u2019de de\u011fil, Osmanl\u0131 do\u011fusunun pek \u00e7ok yerinde H\u0131ristiyan k\u00f6ylerine ve manast\u0131ralar\u0131na tasallut etmi\u015fti. \u00c7evredeki a\u015firet bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 geleneksel olarak tepkili olan Mardin \u015fehir halk\u0131 ve se\u00e7kinleri, bu y\u00fczden a\u015firetlerden gelen sald\u0131r\u0131lara direnmeyi ve H\u0131ristiyan kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir. Bu asl\u0131nda bir \u015fehir dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1915 ise do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Osmanl\u0131 devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n bir tasarrufudur; \u00fcstelik Osmanl\u0131 devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olan \u015fehir se\u00e7kinlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 hi\u00e7 de az de\u011fildir. O y\u00fczden Ermenilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylarda baz\u0131 \u015fehir se\u00e7kinleri ile b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n\u0131n bizzat yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Yani 1895 durumu ile 1915 durumu aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir benzerlik yoktur. Bu benzemezlik M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n \u2013en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n- farkl\u0131 tepkiler geli\u015ftirmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nKitab\u0131n geni\u015fletilmi\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kaybetti\u011fimiz Tomas \u00c7erme\u2019nin ve e\u015finin katk\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyorsunuz? \u00c7erme\u2019nin kitaba ne t\u00fcr bir katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu? \u00d6rnek verebilir misiniz?\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u00c7erme\u2019ler daha kitap projesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri hep yan\u0131m\u0131zda oldular. Tomas \u00c7erme \u00f6zel ar\u015fivini a\u00e7t\u0131, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131kla saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zel foto\u011fraf\u0131 kullanmam\u0131za izin verdi. E\u015fi Vartanu\u015f han\u0131m Ermenice baz\u0131 belgelerin \u00e7evirilerine yard\u0131m etti, eksiklerimizi g\u00f6sterdi. Rahmetli Tomas, tam bir Mardin a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 ve Mardin\u2019le ilgili d\u00fcnyan\u0131n neresinde ne bulursa al\u0131p ar\u015fivine katard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden e\u015fsiz bir veri bankas\u0131yd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r Mardin diyaspora a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (\u0130stanbul ve ba\u015fka yerlerde) kontakt noktas\u0131yd\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyle tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131za, ili\u015fki kurmam\u0131za yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Hatta bu kitab\u0131n geni\u015fletilmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bizden \u00e7ok \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi, \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermekle kalmad\u0131, gerekli ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kurup \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc tamamen a\u00e7t\u0131. Her ikisinin de haklar\u0131 asla \u00f6denmez. Sevgili Tomas, nurlar i\u00e7inde yats\u0131n.<\/p>\nhttp:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/22787\/asiret-cemaat-devlet-ucgeninde-tarih-boyunca-mardin<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ferda Balancar\u00a0 Mardin \u00fczerine bug\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri olan \u2018Mardin: A\u015firet \u2013 Cemaat \u2013 Devlet\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 3. bask\u0131s\u0131 Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ilk bask\u0131s\u0131na olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli eklemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve Tomas \u00c7erme’ye ithaf edilen bu yeni bask\u0131yla ilgili olarak kitab\u0131n yazarlar\u0131ndan Suavi Ayd\u0131n\u2019la konu\u015ftuk. Kitab\u0131n 2000 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":54524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\n
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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"A\u015firet-Cemaat-Devlet \u00fc\u00e7geninde tarih boyunca Mardin - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Ferda Balancar\u00a0 Mardin \u00fczerine bug\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri olan \u2018Mardin: A\u015firet \u2013 Cemaat \u2013 Devlet\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 3. bask\u0131s\u0131 Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ilk bask\u0131s\u0131na olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli eklemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve Tomas \u00c7erme’ye ithaf edilen bu yeni bask\u0131yla ilgili olarak kitab\u0131n yazarlar\u0131ndan Suavi Ayd\u0131n\u2019la konu\u015ftuk. Kitab\u0131n 2000 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2019-08-19T08:09:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1732,"height":1196,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/08\/Mardin.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"A\u015firet-Cemaat-Devlet \u00fc\u00e7geninde tarih boyunca Mardin","datePublished":"2019-08-19T08:09:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523"},"wordCount":1982,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/08\/Mardin.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","M\u00fclakatlar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523","name":"A\u015firet-Cemaat-Devlet \u00fc\u00e7geninde tarih boyunca Mardin - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/08\/Mardin.jpg","datePublished":"2019-08-19T08:09:08+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/08\/Mardin.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/08\/Mardin.jpg","width":1732,"height":1196},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=54523#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"A\u015firet-Cemaat-Devlet \u00fc\u00e7geninde tarih boyunca Mardin"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?author=7"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54523"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54525,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54523\/revisions\/54525"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/54524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/p>\n