{"id":52848,"date":"2019-05-10T03:50:52","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T08:50:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52848"},"modified":"2019-05-10T03:52:34","modified_gmt":"2019-05-10T08:52:34","slug":"dersimin-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52848","title":{"rendered":"Dersim\u2019in Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni kaynaklarda Tsopk olarak an\u0131lmakta olan Dersim b\u00f6lgesi, tarihi Ermenistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131daki b\u00f6lgesini olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Do\u011fu Anadolu (Bat\u0131 Ermenistan-\u2018Akunq\u2019 web sayfas\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri) ile \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun kesi\u015fti\u011fi ve as\u0131l \u201cAnadolu\u201d yani tarihte Yunanca \u201cAnatolia\u201d\u00a0 olarak an\u0131lan, tarihi Bizans ve Ermenistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinin Ermenistan taraf\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fen bu b\u00f6lge, Murat (Aradsani) suyu, Peri suyu ve Karasu nehirleri ile Munzur s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1848 tarihinde Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetinin yeniden te\u015fkil edilip, Harput\u2019un ayr\u0131 bir vilayete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle, Dersim sanca\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve bu tarihten sonra da b\u00f6lgeye askeri harek\u00e2tlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 25 Aral\u0131k 1935 tarihli Tunceli Vilayeti\u2019nin \u0130daresi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019la, 4 Ocak 1936 tarihinden itibaren Tunceli olarak an\u0131lan b\u00f6lge, halk\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak a\u015firet d\u00fczeyinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f olup, son on y\u0131llarda da sol hareketin gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda egemen olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu d\u00fczen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrmektedir. B\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafi \u015fartlar\u0131, y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde devletin egemenli\u011finden nispeten uzak, yar\u0131 otonom bir halde ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve devlet otoritesi bask\u0131, \u015fiddet ve katliam da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere her yolu denemesine ra\u011fmen, bu b\u00f6lgede tam egemenlik kuramam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc hazmedememi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak b\u00f6lge insanlar\u0131n\u0131n devletin egemen din y\u00f6neliminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, heterodoks bir inanc\u0131 benimsemi\u015f olmalar\u0131, devletin kendilerine ziyadesiyle d\u00fc\u015fmanca bakmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlerde Roma-\u0130ran, Roma-Ermenistan ve Bizans-Ermenistan devletleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesi olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131,\u00a0 s\u0131k-s\u0131k el de\u011fi\u015ftiren bu b\u00f6lge, erken d\u00f6nemlerde de bir\u00e7ok milletin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sahiplendi\u011fi bir yer oldu\u011fu gibi, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n da hayli uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anayurt par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6lgenin otokton halk\u0131 olan Ermeniler 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k anayurtlar\u0131 olan t\u00fcm Bat\u0131 Ermenistan topraklar\u0131 gibi, Dersim\u2019den de (k\u0131smen) hunharca kopart\u0131l\u0131p, imha edilmelerine kadar burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, \u00fcretmi\u015f, yerle\u015fimler, manast\u0131r ve kiliseler kurmu\u015f, kutsall\u0131klara sahip olmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemindeki yer isimleri de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine ra\u011fmen, halk taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar eski Ermenice isimleriyle an\u0131lan yerle\u015fim yerleri, Ermenilerin Dersim\u2019deki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en belirleyici kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, Dersim co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki en eski yerle\u015fik ve dominant unsurun Ermeniler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, tabii ki Dersim\u2019de daha ba\u015fka topluluklar\u0131n da ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmemekle birlikte, b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f, en eski yerle\u015fik halk\u0131n\u0131n Ermeniler oldu\u011funa kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakabilmemizi sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer halklar\u0131n Dersime ne zaman, nereden ve nas\u0131l geldikleri sorusunu net bir \u015fekilde yan\u0131tlamak zordur. Baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n \u00e7ok eskiden beri burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve hatta Ermeniler kadar veya daha eski olduklar\u0131, fakat ait olduklar\u0131 medeniyetin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra, zaman i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar ve a\u015firetler halinde var olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olabilecekleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmakla birlikte, bir millet olarak bu b\u00f6lgede varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve aidiyetleri kesin olan tek grubun Ermeniler oldu\u011fu barizdir.<\/p>\n

Resmi T\u00fcrk tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 ve genel olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan her ne kadar XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 T\u00fcrkmen kabilelerinin Dersim\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia edilse de, bu iddialar, 1071\u2019den \u00f6nce, hatta M.\u00d6. II. bin y\u0131llarda dahi[1]<\/a> T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019da var oldu\u011fu teorisi veya yerle\u015fik baz\u0131 halklar\u0131 \u201cproto T\u00fcrkler\u201d olarak adland\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131 gibi, mesnetsiz iddialar olarak kalmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u201ctarih\u00e7ilerin\u201d bu \u00e7abalar\u0131nda h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 alamay\u0131p, Dersim b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan \u201cT\u00fcrk kabileleri\u201d hakk\u0131nda s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 listeleri ciddi kabul etti\u011fimizde, Dersim b\u00f6lgesini, en az\u0131ndan t\u00fcm Anadolu\u2019nun kaplam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir alan boyutunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n

Dersim\u2019de yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Urartu mezarlar\u0131, Urartu devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n bu alan\u0131 da kapsam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi M.\u00d6. VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc-k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc krall\u0131klar ve beylikler halinde ya\u015fayan ve ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fan Nairi, Aratta, Hayassa-Azi vb. topluluklar aras\u0131ndan Biaini krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (Van krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Urartu) g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek, bu beylikleri tek bir krall\u0131k b\u00fcnyesinde birle\u015ftirmesiyle Urartu krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Biaini\/Van krallar\u0131 dominant oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, olu\u015fturmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 devlet de bu isimle an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat d\u00f6nemin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bu devlet, VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nden gelen d\u00fc\u015fman ak\u0131nlar\u0131na dayanamayarak, y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, sadece Ermenistan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, Urartu ismi kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019da, Behistun K\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 \u201cBehistun yaz\u0131tlar\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lan ve I. Darius taraf\u0131ndan yazd\u0131r\u0131lan, Babilce, Elamca ve eski Fars\u00e7a olarak \u00fc\u00e7 dilde yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131tlarda, Ermenistan\u2019dan da s\u00f6z edilmekte ve ayn\u0131 \u00fclke, eski Fars\u00e7ada \u201cArmina\u201d, Babilcede \u201cUrartu\/Ura\u015ftu\u201d ve Elamcada \u201cHarminuea\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buradan da Ermenistan (Armina, Harminuea)\u00a0 ve Urartu\u2019nun ayn\u0131 \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 dillerde adland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bu \u00fclkenin sadece Babilliler taraf\u0131ndan Urartu (Ararat), di\u011fer halklar taraf\u0131ndan ise, Urartu devletinin t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda Armina\/Harminue, yani Ermenistan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Van\/Tu\u015fba hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7iren Yervantuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 topraklar \u00fczerinde \u00fclkeyi kesintisiz olarak y\u00f6netmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Dersim b\u00f6lgesi de bu devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fumunu tamamlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anayurdu oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, Ermeniler onca badireden sonra bu topraklarda zor \u015fartlarda ve say\u0131lar\u0131 \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d mertebesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f da olsa varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ermenilerin art\u0131k ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde de izleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, Urartu mezarlar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kiliselerine kadar ya\u015famaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dersim b\u00f6lgesi (ad\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde bu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmamakla birlikte) hakk\u0131nda antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 bilgiler vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Herodot<\/a>, Josephus<\/a>, Tacitus<\/a> vb. tarih\u00e7iler, bazen \u00e7eli\u015fkili de olsa, bu b\u00f6lgeyle ilgili bilgiler aktarmaktad\u0131r. Bu tarih\u00e7ilerin baz\u0131 anlat\u0131mlar\u0131nda Dersim b\u00f6lgesini de i\u00e7ine alan bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n konu edildi\u011fini, baz\u0131 veriler ve varsay\u0131mlar neticesinde tabii ki sadece tahmin etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 halklar\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131 veya \u015fehirlerinin, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan birbirlerinden y\u00fczlerce, hatta binlerce kilometre uzakta bulunan noktalarda bulunmu\u015f olabilece\u011finin varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Dersim b\u00f6lgesiyle ilgili de kesin diyebilece\u011fimiz bilgiler yoktur. \u00d6zellikle son 100 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda bir hastal\u0131k halini alm\u0131\u015f ve belli ama\u00e7larla devlet taraf\u0131ndan da k\u00f6r\u00fcklenen define aray\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, y\u00fczlerce ve binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f olan tarihi eserlerin, tarih ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olarak kabul edebilece\u011fimiz bir s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda tahrip edilmesi, ac\u0131l\u0131 bir Vandalizm ve Taliban yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan pek de farkl\u0131 olmamas\u0131n\u0131n haricinde, b\u00f6lgenin ve halen burada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ayd\u0131nlatmak konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz bir darbe vurmaktad\u0131r. Hazine (\u00f6zellikle Ermenilerin) bularak, aniden zengin olma krizi insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6rle\u015ftirmekte, hissizle\u015ftirmekte ve kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini, atalar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 imha etmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. T\u00fcm eski eserler tamamen tahrip edildikten veya a\u011flanacak duruma getirildikten sonra, insanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015fleriyle ilgilenmeye ve kim olduklar\u0131n\u0131, nereden geldiklerini \u00f6\u011frenmek istemektedir. Lakin i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr katliam\u0131ndan en b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan Ermeniler, asl\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri konusunda en rahat olabilecek gruptur. Adlar\u0131, sanlar\u0131, tarihleri, ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri, hatta yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri gayet iyi bilinmektedir. K\u00f6ylerinin isimleri, devlet taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f olsa dahi, halen bilinmekte, hatta y\u00f6re halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kullan\u0131lmakta, kilise ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131 devlet veya hazineciler taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi kay\u0131tlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sorun, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kendilerini Zaza, K\u0131rman\u00e7, Alevi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Alevi ve hatta K\u00fcrt olarak kabul eden, Alevili\u011fin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir din mi, yoksa M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir kolu mu oldu\u011fu ve hatta Alevili\u011fin bir din olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda fikir birli\u011fi edememi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck kitle i\u00e7in mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Dersim\/Tunceli farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kaplam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, genelde Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Dersim olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde orada ya\u015fayan halk taraf\u0131ndan h\u00e2l\u00e2 Dersim olarak an\u0131lan b\u00f6lge, yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131nda Tsopk olarak an\u0131lmakta, tarihi Dersim ad\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak ne zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ne manaya geldi\u011fi konusunda ise kesin bir bilgi olmay\u0131p, bu konuda farkl\u0131 teoriler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bunlardan biri, bu ismi ikiye ay\u0131r\u0131p, Der ve Sim hecelerin yorumlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Der hecesini \u201ckap\u0131\u201d veya \u201ckilise\u201d, Sim\u2019i ise \u201cg\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u201d olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Dersim ismi \u201cG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kap\u0131\u201d veya \u201cG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kilise\u201d olarak yorumlanabilir. Dersim isminin olu\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgili genel bir anlat\u0131ya g\u00f6re ise, Der Simon ad\u0131nda bir Ermeni rahibin, muhtemelen Celali isyanlar\u0131 nedeniyle, kendisi ve cemaatini Alevi olarak g\u00f6stererek, katliam ve ya\u011fmadan kurtulabildi\u011fi ve daha sonra bir Alevi piri, hatta \u201cpiri piran\u201d olan bu ki\u015finin ismine istinaden b\u00f6lgenin de Dersim olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fudur.\u00a0 Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de Ermeni cemaatlerinin korunmak amac\u0131yla Alevili\u011fe d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da Seyit veya Pir olarak g\u00f6revlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131na dair veriler mevcut olmakla birlikte, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin tam olarak hangi tarihlerde ve ne oranda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Dersim a\u015firetlerinden hangilerinin Alevile\u015fmi\u015f Ermenilerden olu\u015fmu\u015f oldu\u011funu tespit etmek hayli g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Buna ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 a\u015firetlerin (Dersim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri gibi) Ermeni k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131 konusunda rivayetler, bilgiler vard\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Haydaran a\u015fireti g\u00f6sterilmekte, bu a\u015firet isminin ilk hecesinin, Ermenilerin kendilerini betimledikleri \u201cHay\u201d isminden geldi\u011fi iddia edilmektedir. Bu durum ger\u00e7ek olabilece\u011fi gibi, basit bir isim benzerli\u011fi de olabilir. Elimizde bulunan veriler \u015fimdilik bu sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Ancak yeni verilerin g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve\/veya geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemeler sonucunda daha kesin yan\u0131tlar bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Der Simon ad\u0131nda bir din adam\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte var olup, olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn tabii ki art\u0131k tespit edebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte zorunlu veya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc, daha ziyade \u201czor kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc\u201d ihtida olaylar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131, hatta cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde hayli s\u0131k ve yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinen bir konudur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt, Arap ve Alevi olarak ya\u015fayan ve bir\u00e7o\u011funun art\u0131k ger\u00e7ek aidiyetinden haberdar dahi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (devletin ise bu insanlar\u0131 \u201csokak-sokak, ev-ev bildi\u011fini ve hala takibat alt\u0131nda tuttu\u011funu TTK eski ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hala\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz) bu insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, baz\u0131 tahminlere g\u00f6re milyonlara ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ermenilerin Alevili\u011fe d\u00f6nmesi sadece \u201ceski zamanlara\u201d ait bir durum da de\u011fildir. En son olarak 1937-38 Dersim katliam\u0131 sonucunda bu yola ba\u015fvurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 gayet iyi bilinmektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu insanlar halen ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Sadece son 125 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda bu co\u011frafyada 3 b\u00fcy\u00fck cebri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma ve kitlesel imha dalgas\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1894-96 Abd\u00fclhamit k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve 1937-38 Dersim soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n kitleler halde katledilmelerinin haricinde, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6nemli oranda Ermeni, Alevi, S\u00fcryani vs. ihtida yoluna gitmi\u015ftir. H\u0131ristiyanlar ve Ermenilerin en \u00e7ok bask\u0131 ve takibata u\u011frayanlar olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Dersim b\u00f6lgesindeki Ermeniler \u00f6zellikle 1937-38 olaylar\u0131ndan sonra, say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da son derece azalm\u0131\u015f olup, manast\u0131r ve kiliselerin ayakta kalmam\u0131\u015f, soyulmu\u015f ve din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n katledilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir ortamda, birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 Alevi a\u015firetlerinin aras\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131p, onlar\u0131n inanc\u0131n\u0131 benimseyerek, tabiri caizse \u201caraziye uymu\u015flard\u0131r\u201d. Alevilerin h\u00fcmanist ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan uzak inan\u00e7lar\u0131 da tabii ki bu a\u00e7\u0131dan olumlu katk\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ihtida edip, T\u00fcrk veya K\u00fcrt M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeniler ise b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, her \u015feye ra\u011fmen \u201cG\u00e2vur\u201d olmaktan kurtulamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Lakin bunu, Dersim b\u00f6lgesinde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Ermenilerin tamamen sorunsuz, dikensiz g\u00fcl bah\u00e7esinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u015feklinde yorumlamak da yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada da sorunlar olmakla birlikte, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerle k\u0131yaslad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za farkl\u0131 bir tablo \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ermenilerin ihtida edip, Alevili\u011fi se\u00e7mesini, asl\u0131nda ehven-i \u015fer bir durum olarak kabul etmek gerekir. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, dini bask\u0131lar ve takibatlardan tamamen kurtulmak manas\u0131na gelmemekteydi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u0131ristiyan-Ermenilikten kurtulanlar, hem Osmanl\u0131, hem de cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde Alevili\u011fin de ho\u015f kabul edilmedi\u011finden dolay\u0131, bu sefer de Alevi takibatlar\u0131na maruz kalmaktayd\u0131. Lakin Alevilik, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-S\u00fcnni T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrtlerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde, H\u0131ristiyan-Ermenilikten daha kabul edilir, daha \u201cbizden\u201d olabilmesi muhtemel olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilirdi. Ger\u00e7ekte ise, devlet kat\u0131nda ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din adamlar\u0131 nezdinde, Kuran\u2019a g\u00f6re Alevilik \u201ckitab\u0131 olan\u201d bir din olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan daha k\u00f6t\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Kuran\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201ckitap sahibi\u201d bir dine mensup olanlar, yani H\u0131ristiyan ve Museviler, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ettikleri ve cizye \u00f6dedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e \u201c\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi zaruri olmayanlar\u201d kategorisindeydi. H\u00e2lbuki Aleviler, \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u201ckitab\u0131 olmayan\u201d bir inan\u00e7 grubu olarak, kesin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hak etmi\u015f olanlard\u0131. Kesin \u00f6l\u00fcm tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunan Aleviler (Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck Alevi katliamlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur), \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n \u015eii mezhebine ait olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, fakat Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran rekabeti nedeniyle, \u015eii \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n 5. Kolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclerek, yeniden takibata maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, yani ya\u011fmurdan ka\u00e7arken doluya tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kuran\u2019a g\u00f6re daha iyi durumda olmas\u0131 gereken Ermeniler ise, S\u00fcnni Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n din fanatizmi ve daha sonra gelen milli fanatizmden dolay\u0131 daha nefret edilen konumda olmu\u015f ve Alevile\u015fmek, yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz tehlikelere ra\u011fmen, H\u0131ristiyan-Ermeni olarak kalmaktan daha ehven olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 Sultan I.Selim\u2019in (Yavuz) 1514 ve Sultan I. S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n (Kanuni) 1533-34 katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. Alevi katliamlar\u0131 ve H\u0131ristiyanlara y\u00f6nelik pogromlar Osmanl\u0131da kalmam\u0131\u015f ve cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yukar\u0131da belirtilen 1937-38 Dersim soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n haricinde Mara\u015f, \u00c7orum, Elbistan, Malatya, Sivas ve hatta \u0130stanbul\u2019da (Gazi mahallesi 1995) dahi Alevilere y\u00f6nelik k\u0131r\u0131mlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde H\u0131ristiyanlar da paylar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6 Eyl\u00fcl, 20 kura askerlik ve varl\u0131k vergisi olay\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaylard\u0131r. T\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde daha g\u00fcvenli bir duruma sahip olan Musevi cemaati de, cumhuriyetin ilk d\u00f6neminde,\u00a0 t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019da ve \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fckselen milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131m\u0131 neticesinde, 1934 Trakya Yahudi Pogromlar\u0131\u2019yla bu dalgadan s\u0131yr\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Z. Velidi Togan, Umum\u00ee T\u00fcrk Tarihine Giri\u015f, \u0130stanbul, 1981.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Akunq.net\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan Ermeni kaynaklarda Tsopk olarak an\u0131lmakta olan Dersim b\u00f6lgesi, tarihi Ermenistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131daki b\u00f6lgesini olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Do\u011fu Anadolu (Bat\u0131 Ermenistan-\u2018Akunq\u2019 web sayfas\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri) ile \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun kesi\u015fti\u011fi ve as\u0131l \u201cAnadolu\u201d yani tarihte Yunanca \u201cAnatolia\u201d\u00a0 olarak an\u0131lan, tarihi Bizans ve Ermenistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinin Ermenistan taraf\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fen bu b\u00f6lge, Murat (Aradsani) suyu, Peri suyu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":52854,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunumuzde-bati-ermenistan","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nDersim\u2019in Tarihi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52848\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dersim\u2019in Tarihi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan Ermeni kaynaklarda Tsopk olarak an\u0131lmakta olan Dersim b\u00f6lgesi, tarihi Ermenistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131daki b\u00f6lgesini olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Do\u011fu Anadolu (Bat\u0131 Ermenistan-\u2018Akunq\u2019 web sayfas\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri) ile \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun kesi\u015fti\u011fi ve as\u0131l \u201cAnadolu\u201d yani tarihte Yunanca \u201cAnatolia\u201d\u00a0 olarak an\u0131lan, tarihi Bizans ve Ermenistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinin Ermenistan taraf\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fen bu b\u00f6lge, Murat (Aradsani) suyu, Peri suyu […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52848\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-10T08:50:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-05-10T08:52:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2019\/05\/Diran-Lokmagozyan-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"277\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Dersim\u2019in Tarihi\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-10T08:50:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-05-10T08:52:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848\"},\"wordCount\":2760,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/Diran-Lokmagozyan-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\",\"Haberler\",\"Makaleler\",\"Tarih Sayfalar\u0131\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=52848\",\"name\":\"Dersim\u2019in Tarihi - 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