{"id":52358,"date":"2019-04-16T03:11:48","date_gmt":"2019-04-16T08:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52358"},"modified":"2019-04-16T03:11:48","modified_gmt":"2019-04-16T08:11:48","slug":"ermeni-katliamlari-ve-soykirimina-karsi-cikan-italyalilar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52358","title":{"rendered":"Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130talyal\u0131lar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130talya\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131mas\u0131 talebiyle Meclis\u2019e sunulan \u00f6nergenin kabul edilmesi Ankara\u2019da tart\u0131\u015fma yaratt\u0131. Halbuki bu mesele \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n tarihinde uzun y\u0131llar g\u00fcndeminde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu topraklar\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, 1894 ve 1895-1897 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenileri hedef alan katliamlar t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130talya\u2019da da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Hayagitak Yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan, Albert \u0130soyan\u2019\u0131n bas\u0131ma haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Dr. Hakob \u00c7ak\u0131ryan taraf\u0131ndan 2013\u2019te T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cKara Kitap-\u00dcnl\u00fc Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n G\u00f6z\u00fcyle T\u00fcrk Mezalimi ve Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda katliamlar\u0131 g\u00fcndemine alan ilk isimlerden biri olarak \u0130talyal\u0131 anar\u015fist\u00a0Amilcare Cipriani\u00a0bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cErmenilerin Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa sulayan masum kan\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cipriani, 1899\u2019daki konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda Ermeni katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201c1894-1896\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 derinden yaralayan, o g\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f derecede korkun\u00e7, haince tezgahlanm\u0131\u015f, al\u00e7ak\u00e7a tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir imha plan\u0131\u201d diye tan\u0131ml\u0131yor, \u201cSultan\u0131n kana susam\u0131\u015f haydutlar\u0131, ya\u015f\u0131na, cinsiyetine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n 300 bin mazlumu hunharca katlettiler\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130talyal\u0131 anar\u015fistin ele\u015ftirilerinin hedefinde kendi ifadesiyle \u201cAvrupa\u2019y\u0131 idare eden kat\u0131 ruhlu gaddar siyasiler\u201d de vard\u0131: \u201cErmenilerin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa sulayan masum kan\u0131, medeni denilen devletlerin \u00fcst\u00fcne de s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bunlar \u00e7\u0131kar hesaplar\u0131yla Sultan\u0131 te\u015fvik edip topyek\u00fbn bir halk\u0131 katletmesine g\u00f6z yumdular.\u201d<\/p>\n

Amilcare Cipriani, Ermenilere ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak tek bir tavsiyesi vard\u0131: \u0130htilal ve direni\u015f. Bu m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in katliamlar s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyordu: \u201cE\u011fer siz hunharca katledilen 300 bin karde\u015finizi bir ihtilal u\u011fruna feda etseydiniz, h\u00fcrriyetinize \u00e7oktan kavu\u015fmu\u015f olurdunuz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ermenilere direni\u015fi tavsiye edenler aras\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n milli kahraman\u0131 Giuseppe Garibaldi\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu Ricciotti Garibaldi de vard\u0131. Garibaldi, 27 Mart 1899\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrk boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131nda inleyen di\u011fer halklar gibi Ermeniler de, e\u011fer h\u00fcr olmak istiyorlarsa, adil ve insani olan bu hakk\u0131 silahla talep etmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ricciotti Garibaldi, \u201cBu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ben ve benim dostlar\u0131m, g\u00f6nl\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bedbaht Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine girmeye haz\u0131r\u0131z\u201d diyerek Ermenilere yard\u0131m s\u00f6z\u00fc de vermekteydi.<\/p>\n

Roma Kraliyet \u00dcniversitesi hocalar\u0131ndan \u0130talyal\u0131 yazar ve dilbilimci Angelo Gubernatis, 1903 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u201cErmenistan u\u011fruna\u201d konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, \u0130talyal\u0131lar ve Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiye dikkat \u00e7ekiyor, ard\u0131ndan s\u00f6z\u00fc katliamlara getiriyordu. Hedefinde \u0130stanbul y\u00f6netimi ve Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 vard\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cParthlar Romal\u0131lar\u0131n amans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bug\u00fcn o Parthlar\u0131n soyda\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrtleri, Ermenilerin barbar ve az\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan bu yabani ba\u015f\u0131bozuk e\u015fk\u0131ya \u00e7etelerini Bab-\u0131 Ali Ermeni k\u0131rmaya te\u015fvik etmekte.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cZenginlikleri yok ederken\u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130talyal\u0131 Yahudi psikiyatr ve antropolog Cesare Lombroso da 1907\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cK\u00fcrtlerin Ermenistan\u2019da \u00f6nceden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olarak, belirli aral\u0131klarla T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin a\u00e7\u0131k onay\u0131 do\u011frultusunda sergiledikleri vah\u015fet Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fcre\u011fi insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00e7arpan herkesi derinden etkilemektedir\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu katliamlar\u0131n \u201csanayinin geli\u015fti\u011fi, ticaretin makbul g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yegane vilayeti kendi elleriyle harabeye \u00e7evirmekte\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Lombroso, \u0130stanbul y\u00f6netiminin imha politikas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyordu: \u201cT\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti sahip oldu\u011fu zenginlikleri kendi r\u0131zas\u0131yla yok ederken acaba yang\u0131n seyredebilmek i\u00e7in oturdu\u011fu evi kundaklayan delinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 taklit etme gayreti i\u00e7inde de\u011fil midir?\u201d<\/p>\n

1890\u2019lardaki Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 ve 1909 Adana Katliam\u0131 sonras\u0131nda 1915\u2019te ba\u015flayan Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecekti. Bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinde de bulunan \u0130talyan siyaset\u00e7i\u00a0Luigi Luzzatti, 1919\u2019da \u0130talyan Parlamentosu\u2019na sesleniyor, kendi deyimiyle \u201c\u015fehit halklar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla sunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ancak bir noktan\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyordu: \u201cMusevilerden sonra ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 Ermeniler almal\u0131d\u0131r. Ermeniler kendilerini ma\u011fduriyetin ezeli kurban\u0131 sayabilirler.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nemini, \u201cMesuliyetinin kime ait oldu\u011fu bilinen o korkun\u00e7 sava\u015f, tarihte e\u015fine rastlanmayan Ermeni katliam\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olup, Ermenilerin ba\u015fka bir katliam\u0131yla son bulmaktad\u0131r\u201d diye anlatan Lutzzatti, soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili \u201cT\u00fcrkler, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde, belki de te\u015fvikiyle kendi cinayet makinalar\u0131 olan K\u00fcrtleri Ermenilerin katline k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131lar\u201d diyordu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Luigi Lutzzatti\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u201cbu halk\u0131n bar\u0131\u015fa kavu\u015fmas\u0131, 1915\u2019in yaralar\u0131n\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n ma\u011fdur uluslara kar\u015f\u0131 tezgahlad\u0131klar\u0131 komplonun izlerinin silinmesi amac\u0131yla\u201d bir yol vard\u0131, o da \u201c\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc istibdat\u201d dedi\u011fi, Ermenilerin T\u00fcrk-Rus-\u0130ran hakimiyetinden kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 yani \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Ermenistan kendisinin bu konu\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurulacakt\u0131 ancak tarih Luigi Lutzzatti\u2019nin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi yaz\u0131lmayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    “Konsolosluk araya girdi”<\/strong><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcm bu isimlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 1915\u2019e \u015fahit olup an\u0131lar\u0131na soyk\u0131r\u0131ma dair tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla at\u0131fta bulunulacak bir \u0130talyal\u0131 da vard\u0131: Trabzon\u2019daki \u0130talyan Konsolosu\u00a0Giacomo Gorrini.<\/p>\n

    Giorrini, Trabzon\u2019da konsolostu ancak yetki alan\u0131na kendi ifadesi ile \u201cRus-T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019a kom\u015fu kazalara kadar fiilen b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi ile K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 kesimlerinde yer alan ve esas olarak T\u00fcrkler, Ermeniler ve K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak \u0130ranl\u0131lar, Ruslar, Rumlar ve Araplar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu be\u015f vilayet gidiyordu.<\/p>\n

    Giacomo Gorrini\u2019nin 25 A\u011fustos 1915\u2019te Roma\u2019da \u201cIl Messaggero\u201d gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan r\u00f6portaj\u0131, James Bryce ve Arnold Toynbee\u2019nin, Ay\u015fe G\u00fcnaysu taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ara Sarafian\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda Ermenilere Yap\u0131lan Muamele 1915-1916\u201d kitab\u0131nda da yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    Konsolos Gorrini, \u0130talya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portaj\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde \u0130talya Konsoloslu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00f6zellikle de kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in araya girdi\u011fini anlat\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

    \u201cKonsolosluk araya girdi, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bak\u0131l\u0131rsa ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin tehcirden muaf tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131k ancak \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Komitesi\u2019nin mahalli te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi ve \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelen yeni emirler nedeniyle daha sonra vaatler tutulmad\u0131. Bu ger\u00e7ek bir imha hareketi, masum insanlar\u0131n katledilmesiydi.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Gorrini, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce Trabzon\u2019daki Ermeni n\u00fcfusun da neredeyse tamamen yok edildi\u011fini ifade ediyordu: \u201cTrabzon\u2019da Gregoryen, Katolik ve Protestan 14 bin kadar Ermeni vard\u0131 ve bunlar hi\u00e7bir zaman d\u00fczen bozucu hareketlerde bulunmam\u0131\u015f, ya da polisin toplu tedbirler almas\u0131na neden olacak bir \u015fey yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ben Trabzon\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131mda onlardan geriye y\u00fcz ki\u015fi bile kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Giacomo Gorrini, 23 Temmuz\u2019da ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Trabzon\u2019daki son hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle anlatacakt\u0131:<\/p>\n

    \u201cKent; a\u011f\u0131tlar, g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131, ayr\u0131l\u0131klar, lanetler, \u00e7ok say\u0131da intihar, korkudan ani \u00f6l\u00fcmler, ani delirmeler, ate\u015fe vermeler, \u015fehrin ortas\u0131nda kurbanlar\u0131n kur\u015funa dizilmesi, k\u00f6ylerde ve \u015fehirde zalimce yap\u0131lan ev aramalar\u0131, her g\u00fcn s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yollar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan y\u00fczlerce ceset; zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131lan ya da di\u011ferleriyle birlikte s\u00fcrg\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar, ailelerinden ya da Hristiyan okullar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131l\u0131p al\u0131nan ve zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan ya da y\u00fczlercesi \u00fczerlerinde g\u00f6mleklerinden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmadan teknelere doldurulup Karadeniz\u2019e ve De\u011firmendere nehrine d\u00f6k\u00fclen ve bo\u011fdurulan \u00e7ocuklar \u2013 i\u015fte bunlar bende Trabzon\u2019dan kalan ve silinmeyen, aradan bir ay ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen ruhumu ac\u0131lar i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakan ve akl\u0131m\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma noktalar\u0131na kadar getiren son an\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcn \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 resmen kabul edip etmeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor olsa da, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Padova \u015fehrinde a\u00e7\u0131lan \u201cDo\u011frular Bah\u00e7esi\u201dnde Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019na ili\u015fkin \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi i\u00e7in dikilen levhalardan biri de, Ay\u015fe Nur Zarakolu ve Arnim Theofil Wegner ile birlikte soyk\u0131r\u0131ma \u015fahit olan \u0130talyan konsolosu Giacomo Gorrini\u2019ye ait.<\/p>\n

    Kaynak:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Bianet.org<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Serdar Korucu \u0130talya\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131mas\u0131 talebiyle Meclis\u2019e sunulan \u00f6nergenin kabul edilmesi Ankara\u2019da tart\u0131\u015fma yaratt\u0131. Halbuki bu mesele \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n tarihinde uzun y\u0131llar g\u00fcndeminde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu topraklar\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, 1894 ve 1895-1897 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenileri hedef alan katliamlar t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130talya\u2019da da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Hayagitak Yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan, Albert \u0130soyan\u2019\u0131n bas\u0131ma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":52360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nErmeni katliamlar\u0131 ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130talyal\u0131lar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52358\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130talyal\u0131lar - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Serdar Korucu \u0130talya\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131mas\u0131 talebiyle Meclis\u2019e sunulan \u00f6nergenin kabul edilmesi Ankara\u2019da tart\u0131\u015fma yaratt\u0131. Halbuki bu mesele \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n tarihinde uzun y\u0131llar g\u00fcndeminde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu topraklar\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, 1894 ve 1895-1897 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenileri hedef alan katliamlar t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130talya\u2019da da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. 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