{"id":52047,"date":"2019-03-22T02:04:58","date_gmt":"2019-03-22T07:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52047"},"modified":"2019-03-22T02:04:58","modified_gmt":"2019-03-22T07:04:58","slug":"gizemli-bir-kadinin-izinde-madam-marta-amati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52047","title":{"rendered":"Gizemli bir kad\u0131n\u0131n izinde: Madam Marta Amati"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vartan Estukyan<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Uzun y\u0131llar \u0130zmir Beth \u0130srael Sinagogu\u2019ndaki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde keman \u00e7alan virt\u00fc\u00f6z Madam Marta Amati\u2019nin hayat\u0131, Rita Ender\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Berge Arabian\u2019\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir sergiyle anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sergi, 6 Mart \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc Schneidertempel Sanat Merkezi\u2019nde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sergide Marta Amati\u2019nin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye nas\u0131l ve ne zaman geldi\u011fi, bir sinagogda nas\u0131l konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130zmirli Yahudiler ve \u0130zmirlilerin haf\u0131zalar\u0131ndaki yeri inceleniyor. 1462. Sokak\u2019ta oturdu\u011fu bilinen, bir defa evlendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen, Yahudi mi yoksa Katolik mi oldu\u011fu belirsiz olan Marta Amati\u2019nin, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130zmir\u2019in sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131ndaki yeri, sergiye paralel olarak Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan kitap arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da ortaya konuyor. Rita Ender\u2019le, 31 Mart\u2019a kadar s\u00fcrecek sergi vesilesiyle s\u00f6yle\u015ftik.<\/p>\n

Marta Amati\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez, \u0130zmir\u2019deki Beth \u0130srael Sinagogu\u2019ndaki bir foto\u011frafta g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Sizi bu ki\u015finin izini s\u00fcrmeye iten?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ben avukat\u0131m. \u0130zmir\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir dava i\u00e7in \u015fehre gidip gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Bu gidi\u015flerimden birinde, ibadete a\u00e7\u0131k olan Beth \u0130srael Sinagogu\u2019nu turist gibi ziyaret ettim. Beth \u0130srael\u2019in \u00fcst kat\u0131, ibadete a\u00e7\u0131k olan di\u011fer sinagoglardan farkl\u0131 olarak, sergi mek\u00e2n\u0131. Sinagogun tarihini, Yahudi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130zmir Yahudi gelene\u011fini anlatan bir tak\u0131m objelerin ve bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alan… Orada eski bir piyano duruyordu. Piyanonun \u00fczerinde, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, hafif kambur duru\u015flu bir kad\u0131n\u0131n keman \u00e7alarken \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bir foto\u011fraf\u0131 vard\u0131. Foto\u011fraf\u0131n hemen alt\u0131nda ismi yaz\u0131yordu: Madam Marta Amati. Bu kad\u0131n\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n orada bulunmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7ti. Daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7bir sinagogda bir kad\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131 g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftim. Zaten sinagoglarda bir foto\u011fraf olmas\u0131 da al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir durum de\u011fil. Belki \u201cBuras\u0131 bir sergi mek\u00e2n\u0131\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu ama yine de o mek\u00e2n, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131n, yani sinagogun bir par\u00e7as\u0131. \u0130kinci kat\u0131n parmakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kat h\u00e2l\u00e2 ibadet i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Orada 10 erkek bir araya gelince dua ediliyor. Ortodoks Yahudiler ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 sinagogda kad\u0131n sesinin bulunup bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Birilerinin, hemcinslerimin sesinin duyulmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini iddia etti\u011fi bir mek\u00e2nda, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ilgimi \u00e7ekti ve sinagogda nas\u0131l var oldu\u011funu merak ettim. Sinagogda kendisine yer ayr\u0131lan bu kad\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u0130zmirli Yahudiler taraf\u0131ndan onurland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sayg\u0131yla an\u0131lmak istenmi\u015fti. Herhangi bir kad\u0131n\u0131n orada i\u015fi olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

Sizce Marta Amati\u2019nin foto\u011fraf\u0131 sinagogda neden sergileniyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madam Amati, ku\u015faklar boyunca \u0130zmirli Yahudilerin an\u0131lar\u0131na keman\u0131n\u0131n sesi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcyle kaydolmu\u015f biri. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, o \u2018en \u00f6zel g\u00fcn\u2019lerinde, anlar\u0131nda, s\u00f6zlerinde, evlilik t\u00f6renlerinde bulunmu\u015f. Bu kad\u0131n, 80\u2019erin ortalar\u0131na kadar, y\u0131llarca, Beth \u0130srael Sinagogu\u2019ndaki her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde keman \u00e7alm\u0131\u015f. Onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, keman\u0131n sesiyle, duygusal yo\u011funluk ya\u015fayan \u0130zmirli Yahudilerin hat\u0131ralar\u0131, o sinagogun sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihini de olu\u015fturuyor. Madam Amati bu tarihin i\u00e7inde bir simge olarak, \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde var. Kimse onu ger\u00e7ekten tan\u0131m\u0131yor ama herkes onu biliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok da eski tarihlerden bahsetmiyoruz. Sizce neden bu kadar az bilgi var?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madam Amati 30 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f. Onun ya\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131, onunla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkisi olan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu art\u0131k hayatta de\u011fil. Bir-iki ahbab\u0131 ise haf\u0131za sorunu ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130zmir Yahudi cemaatinden ki\u015filerle pek ili\u015fki kurmam\u0131\u015f. Sanki bir yan\u0131yla Yahudilikle bir ba\u011f kurarken, bir yan\u0131yla arada bir mesafe b\u0131rakmak istemi\u015f \u2013 en az\u0131ndan ben b\u00f6yle hissettim. Bunun muhtemel nedenleri \u00fczerine de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Madam Amati, e\u011fer Yahudi idiyse, ailesinin II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda, toplama kamplar\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Kendi hayat\u0131ndaki travmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm; sahnedeyken ona \u201cYahudi domuz!\u201d diye sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sonra \u015funu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm: Buradaki \u2018cemaat hayat\u0131\u2019 ile 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Avrupa\u2019daki A\u015fkenaz Yahudilerinin hayat\u0131 birbirine pek benzemiyor. Holokost anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7ok s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor bu. Onlar \u00f6rne\u011fin \u2018Almanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 anlat\u0131yorlar. Sanki \u00e7ok daha \u2018asimile\u2019 olmu\u015f bir hayatlar\u0131 var. Yani belki Madam Amati de hayat\u0131 \u00f6yle ya\u015f\u0131yordu, belki \u2018Macar\u2019d\u0131 ya da yaln\u0131zca \u2018m\u00fczisyen\u2019di. Buraya gelip g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendi bildi\u011finden tamamen farkl\u0131, Akdenizli bir cemaat hayat\u0131 olmu\u015f olabilir. Sonra belki, Madam Amati ailesinin yaln\u0131z bir taraf\u0131ndan Yahudilik aktar\u0131m\u0131na sahipti. Belki H\u0131ristiyan olarak yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bilmiyoruz. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi birer varsay\u0131m olarak duruyor.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Yahudi mi yoksa Katolik mi oldu\u011funu da bilmiyoruz…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kimsesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Pa\u015fak\u00f6pr\u00fc H\u0131ristiyan Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, kimsesiz rahibelerin g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir mezara defnedilmi\u015f. \u0130badet etmek i\u00e7in kiliseye gidermi\u015f. Bunu Dominikan kilisesine giden insanlar do\u011frulad\u0131. Noel kutlamalar\u0131na, sofralar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Fakat \u00e7ok insan da, onun Yahudi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Levanten bir gazeteci onun hakk\u0131nda \u2018Yahudi m\u00fczisyen\u2019 diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem Naziler, hem \u00fclkemizin antisemitleri b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Y\u00d6K\u2019te kay\u0131tl\u0131 bir y\u00fcksek lisans tezinde ismi aynen \u015fu \u015fekilde ge\u00e7iyor: \u201cEti k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6rp\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f Alman as\u0131ll\u0131, parag\u00f6z ayn\u0131 zamanda konservatuar hocas\u0131, Konak caddesinde bulunan Sinegog\u2019da ve \u0130zmir Radyo\u2019sunda birinci keman \u00e7alan Macar Yahudisi Madam Marta Amati.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Madam Amati hakk\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli bilgileri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m ki\u015filerden biri, \u201cOnun elinde do\u011fdum ben\u201d diyen Franz \u015eloser idi. Franz \u015eloser, Madam\u2019\u0131n Yahudi oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yak\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Yahudi Hastanesi\u2019ne, Balat Or-Ahayim Hastanesi\u2019ne gelip tedavi olmak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih olarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z. Hangi noktada bunun bir sergiye evrilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Galiba do\u011fdu\u011fu zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyad\u0131, yani Schwenk soyad\u0131n\u0131 bulmam ve Macaristan\u2019daki konservatuar kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ula\u015fmamdan sonra bunun bir sergiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fine inand\u0131m. Bu topraklarda de\u011feri ger\u00e7ekten bilindi mi emin de\u011filim ama bu kad\u0131n 13-14 ya\u015flar\u0131nda \u2018ciddi bir yetenek\u2019 olarak gazetelere ismini yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bu, o g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00f6yle kolay, herkese nasip olan bir \u015fey de\u011fil. 1915-16\u2019da konservatuar \u00f6\u011frencisiymi\u015f, 50\u2019li y\u0131llarda ise \u0130zmir\u2019deki konservatuar\u0131n kurucu hocalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f, kurumun ilk keman hocas\u0131 olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bu bilgilere ula\u015f\u0131rken soyad\u0131, do\u011fdu\u011fu topraklar, Yahudi olma ihtimali, keman (Yahudilerin mill\u00ee enstr\u00fcman\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) \u00e7almas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geli\u015fi vs. \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken bu gizemli kad\u0131n\u0131n hayat yolunun foto\u011fraflanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Hemen Berge Arabian\u2019\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ald\u0131m, ona Madam\u2019\u0131 anlatt\u0131m ve bu foto\u011fraf \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapmak isteyip istemyece\u011fini sordum. Berge, \u201cTabii\u201d deyince, \u0130zel Rozental\u2019i buldum. Rozental, Madam Amati\u2019ye dair sergi \u00f6nerimizi Schneidertempel Sanat Merkezi\u2019ne sundu, olurlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Sergi tarihi bize iletildi, Aras Yay\u0131nevi bize bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kitaba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi onurunu verdi. Sergi tarihine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemeleri yapt\u0131k. Berge\u2019le birlikte \u0130zmir\u2019e gidip Madam Amati\u2019nin yolundan y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Yemek yedi\u011fi yerleri, gitti\u011fi mek\u00e2nlar\u0131, gezdi\u011fi sokaklar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u0130\u015fin bu taraf\u0131 da ilgin\u00e7ti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iki y\u0131l boyunca insanlarla konu\u015ftum, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131m ve asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, \u00f6mr\u00fcmde hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fim bir kad\u0131nla ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir oldum. Fakat Berge\u2019in b\u00f6yle bir durumu yoktu, o biz \u0130zmir\u2019e gidene kadar ayn\u0131 duygu yo\u011funlu\u011funda de\u011fildi. Foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca sanki bir anda o duyguyu ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131. Hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hakk\u0131nda benden duydu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fck p\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fck \u015feylerle fikir sahibi oldu\u011fu bir kad\u0131nla ilgili bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gibi hissetti. Berge\u2019in \u0130zmir\u2019e ilk gidi\u015fiydi bu. Hi\u00e7 bilmedi\u011fi birinin pe\u015finde, hi\u00e7 bilmedi\u011fi bir \u015fehirde, g\u00f6\u00e7menli\u011fin ne oldu\u011funu bilerek bir \u015feyler ar\u0131yor olmak onun i\u00e7in besbelli farkl\u0131 bir histi. Bu y\u00fczden soyut foto\u011fraflar da \u00e7ekmek istedi. Ben de tam olarak b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordum. Bu nedenle sergideki foto\u011fraflar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 bir g\u00f6lgeden veya bir \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan ibaret. Her birimizin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6lgeler ve \u0131\u015f\u0131klardan…<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/22218\/gizemli-bir-kadinin-izinde-madam-marta-amati<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vartan Estukyan Uzun y\u0131llar \u0130zmir Beth \u0130srael Sinagogu\u2019ndaki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde keman \u00e7alan virt\u00fc\u00f6z Madam Marta Amati\u2019nin hayat\u0131, Rita Ender\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Berge Arabian\u2019\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir sergiyle anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sergi, 6 Mart \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc Schneidertempel Sanat Merkezi\u2019nde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Sergide Marta Amati\u2019nin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye nas\u0131l ve ne zaman geldi\u011fi, bir sinagogda nas\u0131l konumland\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130zmirli Yahudiler ve \u0130zmirlilerin haf\u0131zalar\u0131ndaki yeri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":52049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nGizemli bir kad\u0131n\u0131n izinde: Madam Marta Amati - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=52047\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gizemli bir kad\u0131n\u0131n izinde: Madam Marta Amati - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vartan Estukyan Uzun y\u0131llar \u0130zmir Beth \u0130srael Sinagogu\u2019ndaki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde keman \u00e7alan virt\u00fc\u00f6z Madam Marta Amati\u2019nin hayat\u0131, Rita Ender\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Berge Arabian\u2019\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir sergiyle anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sergi, 6 Mart \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc Schneidertempel Sanat Merkezi\u2019nde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 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