{"id":51964,"date":"2019-03-19T04:25:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-19T09:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51964"},"modified":"2019-03-19T04:25:28","modified_gmt":"2019-03-19T09:25:28","slug":"pontos-surgunleri-ve-makronisi-cehennemi-tamer-cilingir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51964","title":{"rendered":"Pontos S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri ve Makronisi cehennemi – Tamer \u00c7ilingir"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00fcltecilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc teknelerle adalara, Trakya\u2019dakiler trenler ve arabalarla Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 ve Dimetoka\u2019ya do\u011fru yollara \u00e7\u0131karlar. Tekirda\u011f vapur iskelesinde Selanik\u2019e ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere bekleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan\u2019da imzalanan M\u00fcbadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Pontos\u2019tan temizlenmesi amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Ama en \u00e7ok da Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00f6rtmek ve d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna bu konuya dair s\u00f6yleyecek s\u00f6z b\u0131rakmamay\u0131 hedefliyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u00fcbadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131’na imza atan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devleti ile Yunanistan devletiydi. B\u00f6ylelikle ayn\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kene ait Yunanistan bile bu konunun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtmeyi kabul etmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye ile b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fmaya imza atm\u0131\u015fken, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na zaten “laf” d\u00fc\u015fmezdi.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcbadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131 dahilinde Yunanistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen 500 bine yak\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Pontos\u2019tan 1 milyon 250 bin Ortodoks Rum Yunanistan\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcbadele s\u00fcrecinde K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019ya gelenlerin durumlar\u0131n\u0131n, gidenlerle k\u0131yaslanmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha iyi oldu\u011fundan bahsedebiliriz. Nitekim K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Pontos\u2019a gelenler, daha \u00f6nceden Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iskan politikas\u0131 ile memleketleri olmayan topraklara zorla yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f insanlar, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Pontos\u2019tan gidenler ise binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k anavatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeye mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insanlar. Aradaki fark \u00f6nemlidir. Hatta daha da \u00f6nemlisi, Rumlar\u0131n m\u00fcbadele anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce Yunanistan\u2019a kalabal\u0131k kitleler halinde g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Ekim-Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de 50 bin Rum, \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin verdi\u011fi vize ve pasaportla \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcltecilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc teknelerle adalara, Trakya\u2019dakiler trenler ve arabalarla Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 ve Dimetoka\u2019ya do\u011fru yollara \u00e7\u0131karlar. Tekirda\u011f vapur iskelesinde Selanik\u2019e ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere bekleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yani birka\u00e7 ay sonra M\u00fcbadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, zaten Rumlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Yunanistan\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu m\u00fclteciler, Selanik ve Atina\u2019ya giderler. Atina\u2019da 200 bin ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131ktad\u0131r; kiliselere, okullara, tiyatrolara, \u00e7ad\u0131rlara, derme \u00e7atma binalara s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rlar. Selanik ise Do\u011fu Trakya Rum g\u00f6\u00e7menleriyle t\u0131kl\u0131m t\u0131kl\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak m\u00fclteciler daha \u00f6ncesinde belli karantina noktalar\u0131nda bekletilirler. Bu karantina noktalar\u0131ndan biri Selanik\u2019teki Kalamaria M\u00fclteci Kamp\u0131, bir di\u011feri de Atina\u2019daki Makronisi Adas\u0131’ndaki m\u00fclteci kamp\u0131d\u0131r. On binlerce m\u00fcltecinin insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda, \u00fcstelik de kendi yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilerek getirildi\u011fi bu kamplarda binlerce Rum son nefesini verir. Yannis Ritsos \u015fu dizelerle anlat\u0131r o g\u00fcnleri, “Ta\u015f Y\u0131llar” adl\u0131 \u015fiir kitab\u0131nda:<\/p>\n

\u00ab..<\/em>\u039a\u03b9<\/em> \u03b7<\/em> \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac<\/em> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/em> \u03a0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/em> \u03c6\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1<\/em>\u03c0<\/em>\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7<\/em> \u03b1<\/em>\u03c0\u2019 <\/em>\u03c4\u03bf<\/em> \u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/em>\u03c0<\/em>\u03bf<\/em><\/p>\n

\u03bd\u03b1<\/em> \u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9<\/em> \u03be\u03c5<\/em>\u03c0<\/em>\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7<\/em> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/em> \u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac<\/em><\/p>\n

\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/em> \u03c4\u03b1<\/em> \u03c3<\/em>\u03c0<\/em>\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1<\/em> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/em> \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<\/em> \u03c8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/em><\/p>\n

\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/em> \u03bc<\/em>\u2019 <\/em>\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/em> \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc<\/em> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc<\/em> \u03c4\u03b7<\/em> \u03c6\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1<\/em> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/em> \u03c0<\/em>\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b1<\/em>..\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

(<\/em>\u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/em> \u03a1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/em>–<\/em>\u03a0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/em>–<\/em>\u03a4\u03b1<\/em> \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1<\/em>)<\/em><\/p>\n

“\u2026 ve Pontus\u2019un Meryem\u2019i ak\u015fam karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda soluk alt\u0131nlar\u0131yla<\/em><\/p>\n

k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131klar\u0131n yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek,<\/em><\/p>\n

ay sar\u0131s\u0131 sa\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc denizden bir ha\u00e7 ile tutturarak,<\/em><\/p>\n

yal\u0131nayak kumsalda etraf\u0131 seyrediyor\u2026”<\/em><\/p>\n

(Yannis Ritsos-Ta\u015f Y\u0131llar-Makronisi)<\/p>\n

Bir Pontos s\u00fcrg\u00fc ise mektubunda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n

“Selanik, 4 Ocak 1923…<\/em><\/p>\n

… Biz, Odessia\u2019dan Makronisi\u2019ye Temmuz (1922)\u2019da geldik. Geldi\u011fimizde m\u00fcltecilerin neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Makronisi Adas\u0131’nda ne i\u00e7ecek su ne bir a\u011fa\u00e7 ne de bir ev vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teker teker \u00f6l\u00fcr Pontos s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri, vebadan, dizanteriden, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan ve susuzluktan. Ve bir \u00e7ukura ard\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00fcst \u00fcste g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrler, tabutsuz, duas\u0131z, t\u00f6rensiz; t\u0131pk\u0131 Pontos\u2019ta katledilen e\u015fleri dostlar\u0131, yak\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

Nikos Tavris\u2019in dedesi James Atseles Trabzon\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Annesi o be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken askerlerce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sonra babaannesi ve halas\u0131yla s\u00fcrg\u00fcne, Makronisi Adas\u0131’na gelirler. Bu adada halas\u0131 ve babaannesi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Sa\u011f\u0131r olan dedesinin an\u0131lar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olan Nikos\u2019a “Nerelisin” diye soruldu\u011funda hala “Trabzonluyum” der.<\/p>\n

M\u00dcBADELE SONRASI YUNAN\u0130STAN\u2019DA YA\u015eAM<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fcbadele sonras\u0131nda Yunanistan’a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen Pontoslu Rumlar ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n etnik kimlikleri, ya\u015fam durumlar\u0131 vb. g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinerek, onlar\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne soyunulur. Yunan egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nca, tarihlerini, geleneklerini, dillerini yeni nesillere aktarmada uygun bir ortam sa\u011flanmaz; tam tersine halen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Pontoslu Rumlara “T\u00fcrk d\u00f6l\u00fc” gibi s\u0131fatlar yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak milliyet\u00e7ilik dayat\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenlerin an\u0131lar\u0131, tarihi olgular, \u00f6rf ve adetler yeni nesillere sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 aktar\u0131lamaz. An\u0131lar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r, unutulur ve giderek yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Binlerce kad\u0131n ve erkek, yeni evlerine, yeni ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flayamaz, memleket \u00f6zlemiyle canlar\u0131na k\u0131yarlar.<\/p>\n

Onlara g\u00f6sterilen ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131nda barakalarda a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yoksullukla m\u00fccadeleleri devam ederken, 2. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar, ard\u0131ndan Nazilerce Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali. Pontoslu Rumlar bu kez i\u015fgalci fa\u015fistlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede bedel \u00f6demeye devam ederler.<\/p>\n

Nazi i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan Yunan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda da Pontoslular\u0131n bir kesimi devrimcilerin saf\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Bedel \u00f6demeye devam edilir.<\/p>\n

Albaylar cuntas\u0131 Yunanistan’da iktidara geldi\u011finde de, yoksul Yunan halk\u0131yla beraber yeni ac\u0131lar beklemektedir Pontoslu Rumlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn hala tecrit edilmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde bir arada ya\u015f\u0131yor Pontos Rumlar\u0131; Romeika (Pontos\u2019ta konu\u015fulan Rumca) ve kemen\u00e7eleriyle birlikte. Bat\u0131 Pontos\u2019tan gelenlerin ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 da hala T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Hala yoksullar, hala bedel \u00f6d\u00fcyorlar ve hala s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler…<\/p>\n

MAKRON\u0130S\u0130 CEHENNEM\u0130 \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 PERDE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Makronisi, Yunanistan\u2019da bir adayd\u0131, y\u00fczlerce, binlerce adadan biri. Ama Makronisi\u2019yi di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131rt eden bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131; on binlerce Rum s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcne mezar olmu\u015ftu 1922-1925 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda…<\/p>\n

1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan 2. Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu ada, zulm\u00fcn en vah\u015filerinden birine daha tan\u0131k olur yirmi y\u0131l sonra.<\/p>\n

Makronisi Adas\u0131, Nazilere teslim olmayan, pi\u015fmanl\u0131k dilek\u00e7esini imzalamayanlar\u0131n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bildik i\u015fkencelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir adad\u0131r bu sefer. Onbinlerce Pontoslu ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asyal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn kemiklerinin \u00fczerinde bu kez bir direni\u015f destan\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Makronisi Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki tutsak Yunan kad\u0131nlar, \u00f6l\u00fcme giden arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 u\u011furlamak i\u00e7in giyinip s\u00fcslenirler. Sonra da kendi s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 beklerler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131z sava\u015f alanlar\u0131ndan birinde kendi son halaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in…<\/p>\n

\u201cBu halaylarda varlar\u0131n\u0131 yoklar\u0131n\u0131 koyarlard\u0131 ortaya… Konu\u015fmak isterdi ak\u0131l, giden yi\u011fit k\u0131zla vedala\u015fmak isterdi. Gelen azraili gere\u011fince, usul\u00fcnce kar\u015f\u0131lamak isterdi… kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bekleyen azraile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n evrenin t\u00fcm yol kav\u015faklar\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131, zaferleri hikaye eder(di).\u201d\u00a0<\/em>( F\u0131rt\u0131na \u00c7ocuklar\u0131, Themos Kornaros syf; 200)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.etha5.com\/Haberler\/pontos-surgunleri-ve-makronisi-cehennemi–tamer-cilingir\/18\/10772?fbclid=IwAR3K94DlXPJ8nz931PaCb1MhqbYngGsP0pHgZlrBacfkd-fgKK2rLXc-7K8<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00fcltecilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc teknelerle adalara, Trakya\u2019dakiler trenler ve arabalarla Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 ve Dimetoka\u2019ya do\u011fru yollara \u00e7\u0131karlar. Tekirda\u011f vapur iskelesinde Selanik\u2019e ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere bekleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan\u2019da imzalanan M\u00fcbadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Pontos\u2019tan temizlenmesi amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Ama en \u00e7ok da Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00f6rtmek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":51966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nPontos S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri ve Makronisi cehennemi - Tamer \u00c7ilingir - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pontos S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri ve Makronisi cehennemi - Tamer \u00c7ilingir - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00fcltecilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc teknelerle adalara, Trakya\u2019dakiler trenler ve arabalarla Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 ve Dimetoka\u2019ya do\u011fru yollara \u00e7\u0131karlar. Tekirda\u011f vapur iskelesinde Selanik\u2019e ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere bekleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan\u2019da imzalanan M\u00fcbadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Pontos\u2019tan temizlenmesi amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. 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