{"id":51478,"date":"2019-02-25T01:56:11","date_gmt":"2019-02-25T06:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51478"},"modified":"2019-02-25T01:56:11","modified_gmt":"2019-02-25T06:56:11","slug":"tumanyan-demokrat-bir-yurttas-hayirsever-bir-insan-sevilen-bir-sair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51478","title":{"rendered":"Tumanyan: Demokrat bir yurtta\u015f, hay\u0131rsever bir insan, sevilen bir \u015fair"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sevan De\u011firmenciyan<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eair ve aktivist Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mak ve hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 yarg\u0131lara varmak i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n\u0131n 1905-1906 y\u0131llar\u0131 \u00f6nemli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde kendisini tamamen T\u00fcrk-Ermeni bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya ve halk\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131na adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869-1923) hakk\u0131nda\u00a0 bir \u015feyler yazmaya \u015fu hikaye ile ba\u015flamak gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm: 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p kurtulanlar, m\u00fclteciler, yetimler Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin merkezi olan E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de toplan\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu hastal\u0131k ve a\u00e7l\u0131k nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcrken, kalanlar da can \u00e7eki\u015fir haldedir. Birden sa\u011fanak ya\u011fmur ba\u015flar. Halk ya\u011fmurdan korunmaya gayret etti\u011fi bir s\u0131rada Hovhannes Tumanyan T\u00fcm Ermeniler Katolikosu\u2019nun o s\u0131rada in\u015fa edilen yeni katolikosluk binas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ard\u0131na kadar a\u00e7t\u0131r\u0131p halk\u0131 i\u00e7eri al\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin Katolikosu V. Kevork bunu duydu\u011funda epeyce sinirlenir ve ak\u015fam Tumanyan\u2019a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bir daha benzer bir \u015fey yapmamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Tumanyan ise ihtiya\u00e7 halinde ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyece\u011fini ifade eder. O s\u0131rada Katolikos sinirle aya\u011fa kalk\u0131p;<\/p>\n

-Fakat siz T\u00fcm Ermeniler Katolikosu ile konu\u015fuyorsunuz, der.<\/p>\n

Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n cevab\u0131 nettir:<\/p>\n

-Siz de T\u00fcm Ermeniler Ozan\u2019\u0131 ile…<\/p>\n

Hovhannes Tumanyan Tiflis\u2019te faaliyet g\u00f6steren Milli B\u00fcro Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyesi idi. Amac\u0131 sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7\u0131p Rusya\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan m\u00fcltecilere yard\u0131m ula\u015ft\u0131rmak olan bu komisyonda canla ba\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Tumanyan, o d\u00f6nem direni\u015f halinde olan Van\u2019a kadar gitmi\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda halk\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131ya, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131klara, yerini yurdunu b\u0131rak\u0131p g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesine bizzat tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015fti. 10 \u00e7ocuk babas\u0131 Tumanyan b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fayan veya yetim kalm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aresizlikten kahroluyor ve \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: \u201c\u00c7ocuklar, \u00e7ocuklar, \u00e7ocuklar… Sahipsiz, a\u00e7, hasta… Nas\u0131l korkun\u00e7 bir felakete \u015fahit oldu\u011fumu anlatmam m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra A. Harutyunyan taraf\u0131ndan bestelenen \u2018Hayrenikis Hed\u2019 tam o d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Her \u015feyin kaybedildi\u011fi, Van direni\u015finin h\u00fcsranla noktaland\u0131\u011f\u0131, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n giderek \u015fiddetlenip Ermeniler kadim yurtlar\u0131ndan Suriye \u00e7\u00f6llerine \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funa s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sefalet i\u00e7inde tela\u015fla Rusya Ermenistan\u0131\u2019na ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 o g\u00fcnlerde Hovhannes Tumanyan, \u201cDudaklar\u0131n\u0131 lanetle kirletmemi\u015f \u015fairler yeni \u015fark\u0131 ve yeni s\u00f6zlerle yeni hayat\u0131na \u00f6vg\u00fcler sunacaklar, ey yeni Vatan\u2019\u0131m, ey g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Vatan\u2019\u0131m…\u201d diye hayk\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f El\u00e7isi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eair ve aktivist Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mak ve hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 yarg\u0131lara varmak i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n\u0131n 1905-1906 y\u0131llar\u0131 \u00f6nemli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde kendisini tamamen T\u00fcrk-Ermeni bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya ve halk\u0131n m\u00fcdaafas\u0131na adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

6 \u015eubat 1905\u2019te Bak\u00fc\u2019de ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019te bulunan ayd\u0131nlar bar\u0131\u015f sa\u011flamak ve kitlesel \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in ciddi ad\u0131mlar atar, Tiflis \u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u0131n\u0131n Bak\u00fc\u2019ye gitti\u011fini bildirip E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de bulunan Kh\u0131rimyan Hayrik\u2019in de derhal Bak\u00fc\u2019ye gitmesini rica ederler. Tumanyan ve Dr. Zargaryan Hayrik\u2019e e\u015flik etmek \u00fczere E\u00e7miadzin\u2019e giderler, fakat ilerlemi\u015f ya\u015f\u0131yla ve hastal\u0131klarla bo\u011fu\u015fan ba\u015fpatrik ancak Tiflis\u2019e gelebilir.\u00a0 Tiflis Ruhani \u00d6nderlik binas\u0131 avlusunda bir bar\u0131\u015f ve esenlik mitingi organize edilir ve Hayrik burada bir konu\u015fma yapar. Tam da o g\u00fcnlerde Tumanyan evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan do\u011fdu\u011fu k\u00f6ye, T\u0131se\u011f\u2019e gider: \u201cKar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyordum, b\u00f6lgemizde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fczensizlik olabilir ve bana ihtiya\u00e7 duyulabilirdi, fakat ya\u015fananlar bekledi\u011fimin \u00fcst\u00fcndeydi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Alaverdi \u015fehrinde bulunan fabrikada Ermeni ve \u0130ran vatanda\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda patlak veren bir olay neticesinde baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Olay\u0131n hemen ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc muhtemelen Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde T\u0131se\u011f k\u00f6y\u00fcnde bir bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterisi yap\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6lgedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve ya\u015fanan olaylara kar\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir halk arenas\u0131 kurulur. Tumanyan halk\u0131n yard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair bir telgraf \u00e7ekip ba\u015fpatri\u011fin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Bunun \u00fczerine Aleksandrapol\u2019den gelen bir birlik olaylar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. O g\u00fcnlerde yay\u0131nlanan bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Tumanyan \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c… \u015eiddetli bir bar\u0131\u015f iste\u011fi mevcut. \u0130ki taraftan da ba\u015f\u0131bozuk ki\u015filer ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Ve bunu o kadar kolayca yap\u0131yorlar ki insan \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131yor… Zor olan yegane \u015fey bunun engellenmesi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tumanyan zor olan\u0131 yapma gayreti ile sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapmaktad\u0131r. Ermenilerin bir T\u00fcrk k\u00f6y\u00fcne sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 haberini ald\u0131ktan sonra Lori b\u00f6lgesinden kendisini takip eden Ermenilerle, elinde beyaz bayraklarla, bar\u0131\u015f vaaz etmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk ve Ermenilerin beraber ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Kazah b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar ve orada bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Bir s\u00fcre sonra Tiflis bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan imzas\u0131z \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 metnini Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n kaleminden \u00e7\u0131kma bir dostluk ve bar\u0131\u015f \u015fiiri olarak g\u00f6rmememiz i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir neden yok. Baz\u0131 kesitleri okumak iyi gelebilir:<\/p>\n

\u201cBiz Lorililer olarak topland\u0131k, bar\u0131\u015f ni\u015fanesi olan beyaz bayra\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131k, da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p kavga eden karde\u015flerimizin aras\u0131nda durmaya geldik. Bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z nedir, ey ak\u0131ls\u0131zlar! Birbirinize ne ettiniz, birbirinizden ne istersiniz? Kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131za yaz\u0131k de\u011fil mi? Helak etti\u011finiz helal eme\u011finize yaz\u0131k de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n

\u201cY\u00fcz atl\u0131yla geldik, y\u00fczlercesi de da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131zda haz\u0131r; fakat sizin i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Ermeni olsun, T\u00fcrk olsun, kom\u015fusuna sald\u0131ran i\u00e7in.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKazah\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerimiz, Lori\u2019de b\u0131rak\u0131p gitti\u011finiz ne varsa bilin ki bir emanet gibi kollay\u0131p muhafaza ediyoruz. Bir \u015fey kaybolup eksilirse sorumlusu Ermeni k\u00f6yleridir. Baharda daima beraber ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, ayn\u0131 toprakta, ayn\u0131 suda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131za geleceksiniz. Saf y\u00fcrekle, karde\u015f gibi yine gelin, ve e\u011fer bizden biri size rahats\u0131zl\u0131k verirse, \u00e7o\u011fu kez yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi onun hakk\u0131nda biz geliriz…\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan iki halk aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tesisi i\u00e7in canla ba\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Hovhannes Tumanyan ya\u015fanan \u015fiddetin \u00c7arl\u0131k y\u00f6netiminin iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda oldu\u011funu da gizlemiyordu. Yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan halklar\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131n\u0131na koymay\u0131 ve nice insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nlemeyi ba\u015faran Tumanyan\u2019a y\u00f6netimden verilen cevap \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131yd\u0131: Tutuklanma ve \u00fcnl\u00fc Metehi Hapishanesi.<\/p>\n

Tumanyan \u0130stanbul\u2019da<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihinde \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi burnunda Sovyet Ermenistan\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Ermeni Yard\u0131m Komitesi\u2019nin birincil amac\u0131 k\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7inde olan halka yard\u0131m etmek, \u00fclke in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131 sunmak, 1915\u2019teki Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan sonra d\u00f6rt bir tarafa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yurtsuzlarla ileti\u015fim kurmak ve onlar\u0131 yeni kurulan Cumhuriyet etraf\u0131nda toplamakt\u0131. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f ve deneyim sahibi \u015fair Hovhannes Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 komitenin \u00fcyeleri d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Yard\u0131m Komitesi\u2019nin faaliyetleri \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak ilerledi. \u0130lk a\u015famada Hovhannes Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir heyetin Kas\u0131m-Aral\u0131k 1921\u2019deki \u0130stanbul ziyareti, insanlara g\u00fcven a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 Ermenilere ve m\u00fcltecilere \u00f6nemli bir yard\u0131m toplanmas\u0131na vesile oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcnler zarf\u0131nda Tumanyan farkl\u0131 \u00e7evrelerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, okullar\u0131, gazeteleri ziyaret eder, yazar ve ayd\u0131nlarla ili\u015fkiler tesis eder. D\u00f6nemin ileri gelen yay\u0131n organlar\u0131ndan \u2018Ver\u00e7in Lur\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret esnas\u0131nda Sovyet Ermenistan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131yla iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmay\u0131 kendisine ilke edindi\u011fini ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n refah i\u00e7inde geli\u015fimini ve yeniden aya\u011fa kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Kars konusunda T\u00fcrklerle anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n ziyaretinin \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri Ermenistan devletinin ayd\u0131nlarla tesis etmek istedi\u011fi ili\u015fkilerin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u201cYolda\u015f Pan\u00e7uni\u201d eserini okuyup takdir eden Yerevan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bir \u00e7ok yazar gibi Yervant Odyan\u2019a da k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra maa\u015f ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Tumanyan \u0130stanbul ziyareti esnas\u0131nda ilan eder.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015fnaktsutyun Cemiyeti b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan ve ilerki y\u0131llarda Ermenistan K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 ile birle\u015fen Ermeni Yard\u0131m Derne\u011fi, Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 yeni kurulan Sovyet Ermenistan\u0131 ve Ermeni Yard\u0131m Komitesi\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar hakk\u0131nda bir konu\u015fma yapmaya davet eder. Kumkap\u0131 Mission House\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tumanyan Sovyet Ermenistan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekle su\u00e7layanlara, \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n Aras nehrine kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fakat bunun orada kalaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. \u201cErmenistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti tamamen Ermenilerden kurulu, resmi dil her yerde Ermenice. \u00dclkede bulunan Rus askerleri i\u015fgalci de\u011fil, bir m\u00fcteffik olarak Ermeni halk\u0131na yard\u0131ma gelmi\u015flerdir\u201d diyen Tumanyan \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir gelecekte Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtaca\u011f\u0131ndan emin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki ay kadar s\u00fcren \u0130stanbul ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n duraklar\u0131ndan biri de Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019de bulunan Mektepperver Kad\u0131nlar Yetimhanesi-Muallimhanesi olur. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 takdir ettikten sonra kurumun onur defterini de imzalar.<\/p>\n

Tokatl\u0131yan\u2019da \u00c7ay<\/strong><\/p>\n

10 Kas\u0131m 1921 tarihinde Beyo\u011flu Tokatl\u0131yan Oteli\u2019nde Liberal-Demokrat Parti (Ramgavar-Azadagan) taraf\u0131ndan Tumanyan onuruna bir \u00e7ay masas\u0131 verilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ayd\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan 100 kadar davetlinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fair Vahan Tekeyan yapar. Eski Adana ruhani \u00f6nderi, o d\u00f6nem Kahire\u2019deki Melkonyan T\u00fct\u00fcn Fabrikas\u0131 m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mu\u015fe\u011f Seropyan, Cismani Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tavit Der-Movsesyan, Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mari Istambulyan, \u2018Hay Gin\u2019 dergisi edit\u00f6r\u00fc Hayganu\u015f Mark, Dr. Vahram Torkomyan ve di\u011ferleri konu\u015fmalar yapar, Anahit T\u0131\u015fkhoyan ve N\u0131\u015fan Be\u015fikta\u015fl\u0131yan ise \u015fair Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n eserlerinden \u00f6rnekler okurlar. T\u00f6ren Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fma ile nihayetlenir. \u201cErmenistan benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan g\u00fcvendedir, zira mevcuttur. Ya\u015fayan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 sizlerin i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rmekteyim\u201d, der.<\/p>\n

Yeni \u015eark gazetesine a\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yay\u0131nlanan \u00a0Yeni \u015eark gazetesi de Hovhannes Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n ziyaretine ilgi g\u00f6sterir ve kendisiyle T\u00fcrk-Ermeni ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n 16 Kas\u0131m 1921\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze yol g\u00f6sterici olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 nispeten uzun bir al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 hak ediyor san\u0131r\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cHristiyanl\u0131k ve \u0130slamiyet birbirini sevmeyi emreder, fakat insanlar aras\u0131nda bu kadar kan akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek \u00e7ok ac\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131\u2019da ya\u015fanan anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nedeni ekonomik \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131r, oysa Do\u011fu halklar\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi de\u011fersiz hesapla\u015fmalardan uzakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDo\u011fulu; birbirine yard\u0131m i\u00e7in vesile arayan bir halk olmu\u015fdur. Bu durumda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n ezeli bir hal almas\u0131 \u00e7ok ac\u0131, fakat bug\u00fcn sorumluluk do\u011frudan onlar\u0131 y\u00f6neten h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere ait, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dini farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, halklar birbirleriyle dost olmaya meyilli\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cEbedi cennet olmaya lay\u0131k t\u00fcm bu yerlerde iki taraf\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonucu ac\u0131 olaylar meydana geldi, oysa bu yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tedavi etmenin vakti gelmi\u015ftir art\u0131k. Bu tedaviyi h\u00fck\u00fcmet veya partilerin yapmas\u0131n\u0131 beklememeli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar kendi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in bu hatalar\u0131 bazen isteyerek ve bilerek yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015fi entelekt\u00fcel ve ayd\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131flar yapmal\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cBirbirinin evini y\u0131kma g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyenler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bug\u00fcn bu kadar k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi tek sonu\u00e7 medeni d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iki milleti de barbar olarak nitelemesi, zira mevcut harabelerden bir ev dahi in\u015fa etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cHerkesin g\u00f6revi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en bedbaht uluslar\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkler ve Ermeniler aras\u0131nda samimi bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan u\u00e7urumun kapanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sanat Evi Projesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermenistan Sanat Evi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u015fair Hovhannes Tumanyan 26 Kas\u0131m 1921\u2019de Tokatl\u0131yan Oteli\u2019nde \u0130stanbullu yazar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 organize eder. 50 kadar yazar, ressam, tiyatrocu, \u00f6\u011fretmen zengin bir \u00e7ay sofras\u0131 etraf\u0131nda sohbet edip, sanat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l organize edebileceklerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tumanyan, Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Ermenileri aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n art\u0131k kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtip entellekt\u00fcel bir karde\u015fli\u011fin ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Rus Ermeni edebiyat ve sanat\u0131 memleket topraklar\u0131ndan feyz al\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni sanat\u0131 daha hassas ve m\u00fckemmel. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Tumanyan\u2019a gore, ger\u00e7ek bir Ermeni edebiyat ve sanat\u0131n\u0131 yaratacak. Tiflis\u2019te kurulan Sanat Evi\u2019nin faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Tumanyan, Ermenistan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 destekledi\u011fini ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da Ermenistan\u2019daki k\u00fclt\u00fcr-sanat hayat\u0131na nas\u0131l katk\u0131 sundu\u011funu anlat\u0131p, benzer bir olu\u015fumun \u0130stanbul\u2019da da hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinin gereklili\u011finden bahseder. Tumanyan\u2019dan sonra \u015fair Vahan Tekeyan, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Arsen \u011eazikyan, tiyatrocu \u015eahhatuni vs. s\u00f6z al\u0131p projeyi desteklediklerini, dahas\u0131 yeni kurulan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 ziyaret edip tan\u0131mak istediklerini belirtirler. Sanat Evi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla orac\u0131kta \u015fu isimlerden olu\u015fan bir komisyon kurulur: yaz\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan \u00e7evrelerden Arsen \u011eazikyan, Hayganu\u015f Mark, Yervant Odyan, Hagop O\u015fagan, Vahan Tekeyan, Kostan Zaryan, Hagop Siruni, sahne d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan Yervant Tolayan, \u015eahhatuni, m\u00fczisyen Harutyun Sinanyan, e\u011fitimci \u015eahan Berberyan ve ressam S. Ha\u00e7ad\u0131ryan. (\u0130lk olarak Yervant Odyan, daha sonra Vahan Tekeyan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi Hayardun ad\u0131 verilen Ermeni Sanat Evi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre de olsa aktif faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n

Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n \u0130stanbul ziyaretinin bir meyvesi de 1922 tarihinde G. Ke\u015fi\u015fyan Matbaas\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan \u015fiir kitab\u0131 olur. Tumanyan k\u00fclliyat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip bu yay\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u015fair bizzat titizlikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, evvelden yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f eserleri \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n ismi o d\u00f6nemde o kadar ilgi uyand\u0131rmaktayd\u0131 ki \u015fair baz\u0131 eserlerinin izinsiz yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funda, haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ricas\u0131yla Tiflis\u2019ten \u0130stanbul\u2019a mektup g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n \u0130stanbul g\u00fcnleri yo\u011fun ge\u00e7mektedir. Evlatlar\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu sat\u0131rlar \u0130stanbul\u2019da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerin bir \u00f6zeti niteli\u011finde: \u201cG\u00fcnde bir ka\u00e7 yer, t\u00f6ren ve pat\u0131rt\u0131, gelen-gideni sormay\u0131n bile. \u00c7o\u011fu g\u00fcn b\u0131rak\u0131n yemek yemeyi, \u00e7ay i\u00e7meye dahi vakit olmuyor. D\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc dahi y\u0131kayamad\u0131m. D\u00fcn itibariyle s\u00f6z verdi\u011fim yerlere gitmekten vazge\u00e7tim\u201d. Her ne kadar verimli bir seyahat olsa da o d\u00f6nem Paris\u2019te olan Zabel Yesayan\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubta \u0130stanbul\u2019u sevmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade eder: \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019unuz \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir \u015fehir. Ni\u00e7in oldu\u011funu anlatmak veya betimlemek istemiyorum, ama sevmedim. \u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra bizim memlekete do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zevkle buradan ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131m\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n Evlatlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 \u015fiirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak az-\u00e7ok tan\u0131mak ad\u0131na hayat\u0131n\u0131n belirli noktalar\u0131na yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131mda<\/p>\n

evlatlar\u0131ndan bahsetmeden ge\u00e7mek olmaz, zira bir insan, bir demokrat ve bir yurtta\u015f olarak bu m\u00fchim siman\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 babalar\u0131n\u0131n hayat hikayesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Tumanyan ve e\u015fi Olga Macgalyan\u2019\u0131n 6 k\u0131z (A\u015fkhen, N\u0131vart, Arpenig, Anu\u015f, Seta, Tamar), 4 erkek olmak \u00fczere toplam 10 \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131. Erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ecelleriyle \u00f6lmemesi kaderin cilvesi denemeyecek bir durum ku\u015fkusuz. \u0130kinci evlad\u0131 olan Ardavazd, sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve oyun yazar\u0131, hayat\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel d\u00f6neminde, hen\u00fcz 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, 23 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de ikinci Van ricad\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr. O\u011flunun \u00f6l\u00fcm haberini 10 g\u00fcn sonra alan Tumanyan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ya\u015far. Di\u011fer evladlar\u0131; Mu\u015fe\u011f, Hamlig ve Arek ise Stalin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131nda, 1938-39\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilip \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u015eair Tumanyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018T\u00fcm Ermeniler Ozan\u0131\u2019 olarak tan\u0131nan ve an\u0131lan bir kimseden bahsederken, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcne en son de\u011finmek biraz garip ka\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

Yerevan \u00dcniversitesi Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ndeki e\u011fitimim s\u0131ras\u0131nda ileri gelen Tumanyan uzmanlar\u0131ndan olan Edvard C\u0131rba\u015fyan\u2019\u0131n, bir kitab\u0131n\u0131 imzalat\u0131rken, \u201cSiz Bat\u0131 Ermenileri sevmezsiniz Tumanyan\u2019\u0131\u201d dedi\u011fini hat\u0131rlar\u0131m hala. Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Ermeni edebiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yahut estetik kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen farkl\u0131 geli\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Tumanyan\u2019a Do\u011fu Ermenileri kadar \u00f6nem atfetmedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Do\u011fu Ermeni edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6znel \u015fiirin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Tumanyan\u2019a ait. Balad veya epik \u015fiir yaz\u0131m\u0131 t\u00fcm eksiklerine kar\u015f\u0131n yine Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n alan\u0131. \u00c7ocuk edebiyat\u0131 gibi Ermeni edebiyat\u0131nda az bulunur bir b\u00f6lgeyi Tumanyan\u2019la doldurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan devleti anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde do\u011fumunun 150. y\u0131l\u0131nda Hovhannes Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 milli bir \u015fair mertebesine y\u00fckseltip UNESCO seviyesinde kutlamalar yapt\u0131rabilir. Bu tabii ki hakk\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Tumanyan\u2019\u0131n da \u015fans\u0131. Bu durumda bizim unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f de\u011ferlerimize daha \u00e7ok sar\u0131lmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum, zira diaspora \u015fartlar\u0131nda o veya bu yazar\u0131 organize bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcceltmek, an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 dikmek, kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 dillerde yay\u0131nlatmak ve i\u00e7erde-d\u0131\u015farda propaganda malzemesi yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil (olmas\u0131n da zaten). Ama mesela sormadan da edemiyor insan: Levon \u015eant\u2019\u0131n, Yervant Odyan\u2019\u0131n 150. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 acaba kim hat\u0131rlayacak?<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/22084\/tumanyan-demokrat-bir-yurttas-hayirsever-bir-insan-sevilen-bir-sair<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sevan De\u011firmenciyan\u00a0 \u015eair ve aktivist Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mak ve hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 yarg\u0131lara varmak i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n\u0131n 1905-1906 y\u0131llar\u0131 \u00f6nemli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde kendisini tamamen T\u00fcrk-Ermeni bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya ve halk\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131na adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869-1923) hakk\u0131nda\u00a0 bir \u015feyler yazmaya \u015fu hikaye ile ba\u015flamak gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm: 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p kurtulanlar, m\u00fclteciler, yetimler Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin merkezi olan E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de toplan\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":51480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-unluler"],"yoast_head":"\nTumanyan: Demokrat bir yurtta\u015f, hay\u0131rsever bir insan, sevilen bir \u015fair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51478\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tumanyan: Demokrat bir yurtta\u015f, hay\u0131rsever bir insan, sevilen bir \u015fair - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sevan De\u011firmenciyan\u00a0 \u015eair ve aktivist Tumanyan\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mak ve hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 yarg\u0131lara varmak i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n\u0131n 1905-1906 y\u0131llar\u0131 \u00f6nemli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde kendisini tamamen T\u00fcrk-Ermeni bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya ve halk\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131na adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869-1923) hakk\u0131nda\u00a0 bir \u015feyler yazmaya \u015fu hikaye ile ba\u015flamak gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm: 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p kurtulanlar, m\u00fclteciler, yetimler Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin merkezi olan E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de toplan\u0131r. 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Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869-1923) hakk\u0131nda\u00a0 bir \u015feyler yazmaya \u015fu hikaye ile ba\u015flamak gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm: 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p kurtulanlar, m\u00fclteciler, yetimler Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin merkezi olan E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de toplan\u0131r. 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