{"id":51075,"date":"2019-02-06T01:44:33","date_gmt":"2019-02-06T06:44:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51075"},"modified":"2019-02-06T01:44:33","modified_gmt":"2019-02-06T06:44:33","slug":"anturadan-bir-halide-edip-gecti-ama-nasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51075","title":{"rendered":"Antura’dan Bir Halide Edip Ge\u00e7ti, Ama Nas\u0131l?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Siyasi tarihimizin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Halide Edip’in Antura Yetimhanesi’ndeki g\u00fcnleri hep tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu oldu. Aras’tan yay\u0131mlanan “Elveda Antura-Bir Ermeni Yetimin An\u0131lar\u0131” kitab\u0131 bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonland\u0131rabilecek bilgiler sunuyor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Serdar Korucu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00fcbnan’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Beyrut’un kuzeyinde yer alan Antura \u00f6nemli bir merkez. G\u00f6zlerin bu b\u00f6lgeye \u00e7evrilmesinin nedeni, tarihi 1656’ya kadar uzanan ve Cizvit papazlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan “Antura Koleji”nin 1915’te Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesi.<\/p>\n

Bu i\u015fgal s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrk yetimhanesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen bina, 1915-1918 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Ermenilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu binin \u00fczerinde yetime “ev sahipli\u011fi” yapt\u0131. Fakat buras\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde topraklar\u0131ndan kopart\u0131lan, annesiz babas\u0131z kalan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n “evi” de\u011fil, yetimlere \u015fiddeti, ac\u0131y\u0131, i\u015fkenceyi ve asimilasyon s\u00fcrecini ya\u015fatan bir merkez oldu.<\/p>\n

Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan,\u00a0Maral Fuchs<\/strong>‘un T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ermeni yetimlerinden\u00a0Karnig Panyan<\/strong>‘\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan“Elveda Antura – Bir Ermeni Yetimin An\u0131lar\u0131”<\/strong>\u00a0kitab\u0131 bu s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6len yetimlerin an\u0131s\u0131na dikilen \u00e7ocuk heykeli<\/h2>\n

Kitab\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fc Artun Gebenlio\u011flu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde, Antura yetimlerinin hik\u00e2yesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Missak Maurice Kelechian’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kelechian, sa\u011f kurtulanlarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fclakatlar sonucunda Antura Yetimhanesi’nin yerini tespit etti.<\/p>\n

2010’da Britanyal\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc gazeteci Robert Fisk’in Kelechian’\u0131n verilerinden yararlanarak The Independent’a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makale ise Antura’n\u0131n d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemine gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Fisk, 1993’te yap\u0131y\u0131 geni\u015fletme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kemiklerden de bahsediyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yetimhane Osmanl\u0131 i\u015fgalindeyken hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden yetimlere ait bu kemikler, toplu olarak y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli Lazarist din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na, isimsiz bir mezara g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yine 2010’da Missak Maurice Kelechian’\u0131n da giri\u015fimleriyle buras\u0131 bir an\u0131t mezara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, bir kha\u00e7kar ve elinde k\u00fcre tutan bir \u00e7ocuk heykeli dikildi.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya bu \u015fekilde Antura’y\u0131 yeniden hat\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olsa da, T\u00fcrkiye tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda uzun zamand\u0131r b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kma sebebi, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun son, Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi’nin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 isimlerin de yolunun buradan ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131. Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n “korumas\u0131” alt\u0131nda bulunan bu yetimhanenin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc gelece\u011fin \u0130stanbul valisi L\u00fctf\u00fc K\u0131rdar’d\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcfetti\u015fi ise Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Araplar taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 de hay\u0131rla an\u0131lmayan Suriye valili\u011fi d\u00f6neminde onun maiyetinde b\u00f6lgeye giden isim Halide Edip olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

“Bu kad\u0131n kimdi? Acaba Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?”<\/h2>\n

\u00d6ncelikle Halide Edip’in Cemal Pa\u015fa \u00fczerindeki etkisi konuyu ele alan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015finin uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu. \u0130pek \u00c7al\u0131\u015flar’\u0131n da “Halide Edib” kitab\u0131nda referans verdi\u011fi bilgi, Mina Urgan’\u0131n, Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6zel kalemi olan \u00fcvey babas\u0131 Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay’dan aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

“Halide ile Cemal Pa\u015fa aras\u0131nda kad\u0131nla erke\u011fe dair bir yak\u0131nla\u015fma yoktu ancak Halide, Cemal Pa\u015fa \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok etkiliydi.”<\/p>\n

Bu etki Karnig Panyan taraf\u0131ndan da hissediliyordu.<\/p>\n

“Grubun i\u00e7erisinde, uzunca boylu, \u015f\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc, sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ensesinde toplam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fczel y\u00fczl\u00fc, gururla y\u00fcr\u00fcyen bir kad\u0131n vard\u0131, pa\u015fay\u0131 izleyen ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yordu. Bu kad\u0131n kimdi? Bu askerlerin yan\u0131nda ne ar\u0131yordu?<\/p>\n

“Acaba Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131? \u00d6n s\u0131rada durdu\u011fumdan bu kad\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr g\u00f6rmez g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcne akrabalar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri olan Noyemi geldi, boyuyla ve y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131yla ona \u00e7ok benziyordu. O da tehcir kafilesiyle \u015fehrimizden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, pek \u00e7oklar\u0131 gibi kayal\u0131klardaki oyuklarda can verdi.”<\/p>\n

Panyan an\u0131lar\u0131nda yetimhanede Ermenice konu\u015fman\u0131n kati suretle yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, ilk g\u00fcnlerden yetimhanede Ermeni adlar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, bunlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk adlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve yetimleri birbirinden ay\u0131rt edebilmek i\u00e7in yanlar\u0131na bir numara verilmesinin T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin ilk a\u015famas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

Halide Edip’e g\u00f6reyse Ermeni yetimlere “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e isim verilmesi” \u2013 her nedense! -bir zorunluluktan ibaretti. “Mor Salk\u0131ml\u0131 Ev” eserinde Halide Edip, “Ermeni yetimhanesinin alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimsesiz, avare Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rken onlara T\u00fcrk veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ismi vermek zaruri idi” diyordu.<\/p>\n

Fakat yetimhanenin sert cezalar\u0131ndan bahsetmiyordu. Karnig Panyan’a g\u00f6re ise su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenler falakaya yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda Ermenice konu\u015fmak, dua etmek, ha\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karmak, \u0130slam dinine ve T\u00fcrk diline sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermemek veya hakaret etmek, a\u00e7l\u0131k nedeniyle de olsa h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmak, s\u0131n\u0131fta \u00f6\u011fretmenin yumruklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermek, jimnastik esnas\u0131nda, asker k\u00f6kenli e\u011fitmenlere kar\u015f\u0131 gelmek veya oyun esnas\u0131nda kavga \u00e7\u0131karmak ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakine zarar vermek bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Cezaland\u0131rma s\u00fcreci a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 ve Halide Edip de orada bulunuyor, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na \u015fahit oluyordu.<\/p>\n

“\u0130ki y\u0131l boyunca, ak\u015fam \u00fczeri yap\u0131lan bayrak t\u00f6reninden sonra bu cezalar uyguland\u0131. Halide Edip, Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n maiyetinde yer alan o g\u00fczel kad\u0131n da bayrak t\u00f6renlerinde her daim mutlak bir kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131kla haz\u0131r bulunurdu.”<\/p>\n

Panyan’a g\u00f6re Halide Edip’in bu “mutlak kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131” Manuel ve M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 adl\u0131 iki \u00e7ocu\u011fun 300’er sopa darbesi ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fmeyecekti:<\/p>\n

“Manuel ve M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7’in yar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fc bedenlerini s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek hastaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bine yak\u0131n yetim, ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u00f6zlerle ve korku i\u00e7inde falaka t\u00f6renini izlemi\u015flerdi. Orada bulunan Halide Edip adl\u0131 o g\u00fczel kad\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin y\u00fcz ifadelerinde, bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda en ufak bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131.”<\/p>\n

Halide Edip: Din dersi yok<\/h2>\n

Karnig Panyan: Molla Necmeddin derse giriyordu<\/h2>\n

Halide Edip, Mor Salk\u0131ml\u0131 Ev’de yetimhanenin e\u011fitim sistemi i\u00e7in “Esasen din dersi de verilmiyordu” diyordu.<\/p>\n

Halbuki Karnig Panyan’\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131 farkl\u0131. Onun \u015fahit oldu\u011funa kadar\u0131yla yetimlere din ve din tarihi veriliyordu. Bunu veren de “uzun boylu, iri yap\u0131l\u0131, sa\u00e7\u0131 sakal\u0131 a\u011farm\u0131\u015f bir molla” olan Molla Necmeddin’di.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar onun anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamasa da “Evet” diye yan\u0131t veriyordu, nedeni ise a\u00e7l\u0131k i\u00e7inde k\u0131vrand\u0131klar\u0131, kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve m\u00fcrekkeple doyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde verilen bu olumlu yan\u0131t\u0131n bir ekmekle \u00f6d\u00fcllendirmesiydi.<\/p>\n

Halide Edip: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yapma gayreti yok<\/h2>\n

Karnig Panyan: 4 y\u0131l dil d\u00f6kt\u00fcler, bir \u00e7ocuk d\u00f6nd\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Halide Edip yine Mor Salk\u0131ml\u0131 Ev’de “Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yapmak gibi bir gaye yoktu” dese de Panyan, Molla Necmeddin’in “D\u00f6rt y\u0131l dil d\u00f6kmesinin sonucu olarak, haylaz \u00e7ocuklardan birinin resmen \u0130slamiyet’i kabul etti\u011fini aktarmakta.<\/p>\n

“(…) s\u00fcnnet oldu, saat kulesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ezan okudu, g\u00fcnlerce bir odada inzivaya \u00e7ekildi, birbirinden lezzetli yemekler yedi. Tek bir yetim, Mara\u015fl\u0131 Sar\u0131. Onun yolundan giden ba\u015fka biri olmad\u0131.”<\/p>\n

Karnig Panyan, Halide Edip’in yetimhanedeki “T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme” s\u00fcrecinden memnun oldu\u011funu da hissediyordu: “Uzaklarda Halide Edip, g\u00fcne\u015f saatine yaslanm\u0131\u015f etraf\u0131ndaki ko\u015fu\u015fturmay\u0131 seyrediyordu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fma konusunda hayli yol kat edilmi\u015fti. Mutlak sessizli\u011fini koruyanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar ordu gibi kal\u0131yordu. Halide Edip \u00e7ocuklara bak\u0131yor, birka\u00e7 y\u0131la kalmadan onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fini y\u00fcceltece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, y\u00fcre\u011fi sevin\u00e7le doluyordu.”<\/p>\n

Halide Edip’in tek ilgi alan\u0131: T\u00fcrk yetimlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n

Yetimhanede a\u00e7l\u0131k ve i\u015fkenceye varan cezalar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrerken, Panyan’\u0131n merak ettiklerinden biri Halide Edip’in yetimlerle ilgili ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyd\u00fc. Kitab\u0131nda, “Halide Edip’i pek \u00e7ok kez s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 saatin trabzan\u0131na dayam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 izlerken g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu acaba?<\/p>\n

Yetimlerin durumunu mu, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 m\u0131, kaybettikleri ebeveynlerini mi, yoksa geleceklerini mi? Kad\u0131nd\u0131 ve muhtemelen de bir anneydi. Dikkatle bak\u0131yor, yetimlerin y\u00fczlerini, g\u00f6zlerini, onlar\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 ve \u00e7evik hareketlerini uzun uzun izliyordu” diyor, sonra da yetimhanede dola\u015fan dedikodulardan birini de aktar\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

“G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde, Halide Edip’in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir s\u00f6ylenti dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.”<\/p>\n

Panyan’\u0131n dedi\u011fi ger\u00e7ek olacakt\u0131. Ancak Halide Edip nedense Mor Salk\u0131ml\u0131 Ev’de soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde yetim kalan ve yetimhanenin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan Ermenileri konu almayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Onun ilgi alan\u0131na giren tek bir konu vard\u0131: T\u00fcrk yetimler. Bunu da Jale \u00f6rne\u011fi ile verecekti: “(…) Konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil, dil de\u011fil, en fazlas\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e kelimeler arada bir de K\u00fcrt\u00e7e veya Ermenice kelime duyuyorsunuz. Esasen ya\u015f\u0131 da pek konu\u015fmaya m\u00fcsait de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Belki \u00fc\u00e7 belki be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda idi. Ad\u0131 Jale idi, fakat bu ona herhalde yetimhanede verilmi\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Anadolu’nun bilhassa \u015fark\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir isim yoktu. (…)<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7i, Jale’nin y\u00fcz\u00fc ve ihtirasl\u0131, iradeli minimini v\u00fccudunun hareketleri Anadolu’nun \u015fark\u0131ndan geldi\u011fini muhakkak gibi g\u00f6steriyordu. Fakat ne cinsten? (…) Biz onun babas\u0131 Said, anas\u0131 Hatice adl\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011funu, m\u00fctekabil k\u0131talleri esnas\u0131nda ka\u00e7arken, kiliseden \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan anas\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlad\u0131k.”<\/p>\n

Halide Edip, “\u015earka Rus ordusuyla gelen General Antranik zaman\u0131nda hicret eden” ve bu s\u0131rada Hasan ismindeki o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 kaybederek Anadolu’dan Arap diyar\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcyen, her yetimhaneye u\u011frayan bir K\u00fcrt aileyi de hat\u0131rl\u0131yordu. Ancak s\u0131ra yetimhanenin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan Ermenilere gelince tek c\u00fcmle edecekti:<\/p>\n

“Bir hayli Ermeni kad\u0131n\u0131 geldi, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.” Yani Ermeni yetimler, T\u00fcrklere ve K\u00fcrtlere g\u00f6re “\u015fansl\u0131lar”d\u0131. En az\u0131ndan Halide Edip’in anlat\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re. Sanki soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ermeni \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hi\u00e7birini anne-babas\u0131z b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Halbuki H\u00fclya Adak’\u0131n “Halide Edib ve Siyasal \u015eiddet” kitab\u0131nda da belirtti\u011fi gibi Halide Edip “savunmac\u0131 Cumhuriyet anlat\u0131s\u0131na” ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neminde, yani 1909-1918 aras\u0131nda Ermeni katliamlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tepkisini dile getirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay’\u0131n “Zeytinda\u011f\u0131” kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re, Antura’da okulun i\u00e7indeki kiliseyi oldu\u011fu gibi saklamay\u0131 ba\u015faran, hatta yolda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve “kasap” diye nitelendirdi\u011fi Bahaeddin \u015eakir’in elini s\u0131kmay\u0131 reddeden bir Halide Edip vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130pek \u00c7al\u0131\u015flar da, H\u00fclya Adak da, Beyrut’taki okulunda bir ay g\u00f6rev yapan Harriet Fisher isimli bir misyonerin Halide Edip’in Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti aleyhine konu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6zledi\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor, “Hi\u00e7 kimse \u00fclkesini benim sevdi\u011fim kadar sevemez, ancak hi\u00e7 kimse \u00fclkesini benim ele\u015ftirdi\u011fim sertlikte ele\u015ftiremez.<\/p>\n

Bu katliamlar\u0131n lekesini de milletimin \u00fcst\u00fcnden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey temizleyemez” s\u00f6zlerine kitaplar\u0131nda yer veriyordu. Yine Halide Edip’in o g\u00fcnlerde yeniden naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa getirilen dostu Cavid Bey’e “Hi\u00e7 de\u011filse hayatta kalanlara insan hakk\u0131 verilmesini” talep eden mektubu da bu iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemli metinlerinden:<\/p>\n

“\u0130\u015fte yeni kabine bu emsalsiz zul\u00fcm ve cinayetin hi\u00e7 olmazsa netayicini tahfif edemez mi? \u015eimdi bug\u00fcn ya\u015fayanlara insan hakk\u0131 veremez mi? Ben kendi hayat\u0131mla bu fena ve \u00e7irkin \u015feyi \u00f6deyebilsem \u00f6derdim. Fakat benim hayat\u0131m nedir ki? Hi\u00e7 hem de pek g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hi\u00e7!”<\/p>\n

Halide Edip kendi yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda yetimhane ile ilgili \u00e7ok \u00e7aba sarf etti\u011fini saymakla bitiremeyecekti.\u00a0Mor Salk\u0131ml\u0131 Ev’de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, “en iptidai hayvanlar aras\u0131ndaki hayat m\u00fccadelesinin insan yavrular\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l olabilece\u011fini” g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yemekhanedeki “vah\u015fi” ve “umumi d\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015fme”ye son vermi\u015f, hi\u00e7bir yetimin yerde yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermemi\u015f, her daim temiz \u00e7ar\u015fafl\u0131 \u015filteler haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f, hatta “Anam\u0131z\u0131 babam\u0131z\u0131 Ermeniler \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc” diyerek Ermenileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek isteyen K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 “Baban\u0131z\u0131 anan\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrenler buradaki \u00e7ocuklar de\u011fildi. Hem onlar\u0131n anas\u0131n\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f” diyerek teskin etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

H\u00fclya Adak’\u0131n at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu Halide Edip’in \u0130ngilizce yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131ralar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan “Memoirs” kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re de \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucu Antura’da “kahkaha” sesleri y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. Yetimhanede kalan Karnig Panyan’\u0131n ise an\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131. Ad\u0131 soruldu\u011funda kendisine konulan T\u00fcrk ismini de\u011fil, Ermeni ismini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi i\u00e7in d\u00f6v\u00fclmesini ya da a\u00e7l\u0131k nedeniyle \u00f6\u011fretmenine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fan, “Arkada\u015flar\u0131m a\u00e7! A\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ok \u015fey yapt\u0131r\u0131r insana, sinek de yedirir, m\u00fcrekkep de. Anlay\u0131n halimizi!” diye m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcne sitem eden Apraham’\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbeler sonucu k\u00f6r kalmas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yor mesela. Bu nedenle de Panyan kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: “Antura’da yetimler, ne zaman \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 anacak olsalar, a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan bedduadan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yordu.”<\/p>\n

Yoksunlu\u011fun kol gezdi\u011fi bu yerde tek mutlu insan: Halide Edip<\/h2>\n

Panyan’a g\u00f6re, Halide Edip yetimhanede zaman\u0131n\u0131 “g\u00fcne\u015f saatine yaslanm\u0131\u015f, adeta g\u00fcne\u015f banyosu” yaparak ge\u00e7iriyor, iki y\u0131ld\u0131r yetimhanede “misafir” kal\u0131yor, yiyor, i\u00e7iyor ve g\u00fcn boyunca da saat kulesinin bulundu\u011fu meydan\u0131 ar\u015f\u0131nl\u0131yordu.\u00a0Karnig Panyan, Halide Edip’in “zaman zaman Beyrut’a gitti\u011fi, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve paket paket kitapla geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc” s\u00f6ylentisine de kitab\u0131nda yer veriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re Halide Edip, “G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe bak\u0131l\u0131rsa mutluydu. Bu kad\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir \u00e2lemde ya\u015f\u0131yordu sanki. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, yoksunlu\u011fun kol gezdi\u011fi bu yerde tek mutlu insan oydu. \u00d6\u011fleden sonra \u00e7ocuklar s\u0131n\u0131flara girdi\u011finde, Halide Edip de kendi odas\u0131na \u00e7ekiliyordu.”<\/p>\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7tir, Panyan’\u0131n \u00e7ocuk muhayyilesiyle ve belki de etnik kimli\u011fiyle \u00e7arp\u0131tm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011fimiz bu “mutlu… farkl\u0131 bir \u00e2lemde ya\u015fayan” Halide Edip portresini Ahmed Ha\u015fim de teyit eder.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc \u015fair 9 Te\u015frin-i Sani 1334\/1918’de Yeni \u0130stanbul’daki yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Halide Edip’in Suriye’de yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sert s\u00f6zlerle ele\u015ftirecek, onu, katliamlar olurken “kanl\u0131 gur\u00fbblar\u0131 […] seyret(mekle)” su\u00e7layacakt\u0131r: “Vakit’teki makalenizde, Ermeni k\u0131t\u00e2linden bahsediyorsunuz.<\/p>\n

Ve a\u011f\u0131r, vakur, itabk\u00e2r bir sesle bir k\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00e2l\u00e2s\u0131ndan bu i\u015fin \u015fen\u00e2’atini ilan ediyorsunuz. Ne iyi!<\/p>\n

Bu halinizle bir kanl\u0131 ovan\u0131n ufku \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen beyaz \u015fefkate ne kadar benzeyecektiniz, e\u011fer bu sesiniz b\u00fct\u00fcn seslerin sustu\u011fu ve insan bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndan akan son k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u0131rmaklar\u0131n g\u00e2ib olmak \u00fczere topraklara do\u011fru ko\u015fup gitti\u011fi s\u0131rada, bug\u00fcn gibi i\u015fitilmi\u015f olayd\u0131! Fakat siz, o s\u0131rada ba\u015fka bir mezbahay\u0131 seyre gitmi\u015ftiniz.<\/p>\n

(…)\u00a0Afrika’ya giden misyonerler gibi gururlu ve bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne gidenler gibi s\u00fcsl\u00fcyd\u00fcn\u00fcz ve ne\u015feliydiniz. Filhakika, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecek ak\u0131ll\u0131 insanlar\u0131n kafas\u0131na bir tehlike hissetmeden ve titremeden girilmez. Fakat siz biliyordunuz ki, ni\u00e7\u00fcn tehlikelerin eli ve aya\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flatt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fcrkmemeniz i\u00e7in (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Pa\u015fa Galant’t\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc siz kad\u0131ns\u0131n\u0131z) masum y\u00fczlerin \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131n\u0131 cebren tebess\u00fcme kalb edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

(…) Siz o zaman orada ne yap\u0131yordunuz? Demi\u015flerdi ki, birlikte g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz bir alaya \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocukla siz Suriye’yi ……. ye gitmi\u015ftiniz biz buna g\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Mamafih Pa\u015fa’dan sonra bir g\u00fcn bile duramayarak ayn\u0131 maiyetinizle oralardan firar\u0131n\u0131z, alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuz vazifenin pek insani bir \u015fey oldu\u011funa sizin inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za bir delildir.\u00a0Han\u0131mefendi, Pa\u015fa T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir Molok [Moloch] gibi insan cesetleriyle beslerken sizi yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130stiyordum ki masum bir \u0131rk nam\u0131na di\u011fer masum bir \u0131rk \u00fczerinde yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ate\u015fler s\u00f6nmeden, anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc, onlar\u0131 seyrederek bir dakika i\u00e7in parlas\u0131n. Oraya gittiniz ve isyan ile d\u00f6necek yerde veyahut o k\u00e2til eli tutup bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sesinizle onu tevkif edecek yerde, durdunuz ve bir \u00fcmidin tul\u00fb’unu seyreder gibi o kanl\u0131 gur\u00fbblar\u0131 bir sene seyrettiniz.” (Aktaran Arsen Yarman, “Ermeni Et\u0131bba Cemiyeti (1912-1922) -Osmanl\u0131’da T\u0131ptan Siyasete Bir Kurum” i\u00e7inde.)<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem bunun gibi pek \u00e7ok ele\u015ftiri alan Halide Edip’in Suriye ve Beyrut g\u00fcnlerinde, \u00f6zellikle de Antura Yetimhanesi’nin karanl\u0131k hikayesindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn baz\u0131 kesimler \u00fczerinde “a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f” oldu\u011funa dair bir genel kabul olsa da Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k’\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karnig Panyan’\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131 bu kan\u0131y\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na sars\u0131yor.\u00a0Yetimhanede \u0130slam dini i\u00e7in e\u011fitim verilmedi\u011fi s\u00f6yleyen Halide Edip’in aksine bu dersin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kayda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, yine Halide Edip’in Antura’da Ermeni yetimleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yapma gayreti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair savunusunu, asimilasyona kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair anlat\u0131y\u0131 Molla Necmeddin’in bu ama\u00e7la 4 y\u0131l dil d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgisi ile y\u0131k\u0131yor.\u00a0Yetimhanedeki bask\u0131, \u015fiddet, falaka, isimlerin zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, Ermenice konu\u015fman\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi uygulamalara seyirci kalmas\u0131na da t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n cabas\u0131 diyelim.<\/p>\n

“Elveda Antura”<\/strong>\u00a0kitab\u0131, kendini tarihe yetimhaneye yard\u0131m eden bir fig\u00fcr olarak kaz\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Halide Edip’ten, tam da o s\u0131rada orada bulunan bir Ermeni yetimin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden, bir “misafir”den \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emeyen, hatta t\u00fcm yoksunlu\u011fun ortas\u0131nda mutlu gezen, a\u011f\u0131r cezalar sonucu yar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bedenleri s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen Ermeni yetimleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan bir ba\u015fka Halide Edip’i b\u0131rak\u0131yor geriye.<\/p>\n

Tam bu noktada, ister istemez akla, Simon Wiesenthal’in “Katiller Aram\u0131zda” kitab\u0131nda hat\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “(…) i\u00e7inizden birileri ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrse bile, insanlar anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z olaylar\u0131n inan\u0131lmayacak kadar vah\u015fice oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyecekler: Bunlar\u0131n, m\u00fcttefik propagandas\u0131n\u0131n abartmalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtip size de\u011fil, her \u015feyi yads\u0131yacak olan bize inanacaklar” diyen Nazi g\u00f6revlisi geliyor. Ancak o da, zaman ve mekan farkl\u0131 olsa da benzerlerinin de kehaneti do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayatta kalanlar o g\u00fcnleri anlatt\u0131 ve anlatmaya devam ediyor. Primo Levi’nin “Bo\u011fulanlar Kurtulanlar”da da dedi\u011fi gibi, “ger\u00e7e\u011fin yeniden kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en tutarl\u0131 malzeme de hayatta kalanlar\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor.” Holokost i\u00e7in de, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in de…<\/p>\n

Serdar Korucu<\/h3>\n

Gazeteci. \u201cYabanc\u0131 Gazetecilerin G\u00f6z\u00fcyle K\u00fcrt Sorunu\u201d, \u201cSuriye Yerle Bir Olduktan Sonra\u201d, \u201cMisafir\u201d, \u201cDimitrios Kalumenos\u2019un Objektifinden 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 1. ve 2. Cilt\u201d, \u201cHalepsizler\u201d, Aris Nalc\u0131 ile birlikte \u201c50 Y\u0131l \u00d6nce, 1915\u2019ten 50 Y\u0131l Sonra: 1965\u201d ve G\u00fcven G\u00fcrkan \u00d6ztan ile birlikte \u201cTutku, De\u011fi\u015fim ve Zarafet-1950\u2019li Y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/bianet.org\/biamag\/diger\/205101-antura-dan-bir-halide-edip-gecti-ama-nasil<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Siyasi tarihimizin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Halide Edip’in Antura Yetimhanesi’ndeki g\u00fcnleri hep tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu oldu. Aras’tan yay\u0131mlanan “Elveda Antura-Bir Ermeni Yetimin An\u0131lar\u0131” kitab\u0131 bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonland\u0131rabilecek bilgiler sunuyor. Serdar Korucu L\u00fcbnan’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Beyrut’un kuzeyinde yer alan Antura \u00f6nemli bir merkez. G\u00f6zlerin bu b\u00f6lgeye \u00e7evrilmesinin nedeni, tarihi 1656’ya kadar uzanan ve Cizvit papazlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan “Antura […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":51077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\nAntura'dan Bir Halide Edip Ge\u00e7ti, Ama Nas\u0131l? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51075\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Antura'dan Bir Halide Edip Ge\u00e7ti, Ama Nas\u0131l? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Siyasi tarihimizin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Halide Edip’in Antura Yetimhanesi’ndeki g\u00fcnleri hep tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu oldu. Aras’tan yay\u0131mlanan “Elveda Antura-Bir Ermeni Yetimin An\u0131lar\u0131” kitab\u0131 bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonland\u0131rabilecek bilgiler sunuyor. Serdar Korucu L\u00fcbnan’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Beyrut’un kuzeyinde yer alan Antura \u00f6nemli bir merkez. 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