{"id":51001,"date":"2019-02-01T06:05:09","date_gmt":"2019-02-01T11:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51001"},"modified":"2019-02-01T06:05:09","modified_gmt":"2019-02-01T11:05:09","slug":"1915-oncesi-van-golu-kuzeyinde-kadim-bir-ermeni-yurdu-filistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51001","title":{"rendered":"1915 \u00f6ncesi Van G\u00f6l\u00fc kuzeyinde kadim bir Ermeni yurdu: \u201cF\u0131l\u0131stan\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bitlis\u2019in Ak\u00e7\u0131ra k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki eski Ermeni manast\u0131r\u0131 \u201cAkmanast\u0131r\u201d\u0131n ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunan ve bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren akademisyen Sedat Ulugana b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir makale de kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cVan ve \u00c7evresi, Toplumsal, K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Ekonomik Tarihi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konferansa da sunulan bu makaleyi \u00f6zetleyerek yay\u0131nl\u0131yoruz.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sedat ULUGANA\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cF\u0131leh\u201d tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131 \u201ctoprak i\u015f\u00e7isi, \u00e7ift\u00e7i\u201d\u00a0 olan \u201cFellah\u201d kelimesinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019ye uyarlanm\u0131\u015f hali oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.\u00a0 Arap\u00e7a orjinli Fellah s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kavramsal olarak, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da yerle\u015fik olup toprakla u\u011fra\u015fan, \u0131rgat olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Arap toplulu\u011funu tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Daha \u00e7ok\u00a0 da\u011fl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek arazilerde g\u00f6\u00e7ebe olarak\u00a0 ya\u015fayan, \u00e7oban bir halk olan\u00a0 K\u00fcrtlerin, kendileri gibi a\u015firetsel olarak\u00a0 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmemi\u015f, dinen ve \u0131rken kendilerinden farkl\u0131, belli bir yerle\u015fim birimine s\u00fcrekli mensubiyeti olan \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve zanaatkar kitlelere, bu Arap toplulu\u011funa ithafen \u201cF\u0131leh\u201d dedikleri\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc K\u00fcrt entelijans\u0131\u00a0 aras\u0131nda mevcuttur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131nda, K\u00fcrtlerin onlardan \u00e7ok uzakta (M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da) ya\u015fayan Fellahlar\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131, g\u00f6rmedikleri halde, bu terimin\u00a0 \u201ctoprakla u\u011fra\u015fan, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapan\u201d ki\u015fi ya da topluluklar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiklerini\u00a0 varsayabiliriz.
\nK\u00fcrtlerin\u00a0 kendileri ile ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan, kendileriyle bariz baz\u0131 benzerlikler ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131na ra\u011fmen\u00a0 ayn\u0131 dine ve \u0131rka tabi olmad\u0131klar\u0131 bu yerle\u015fik, ziraat\u00e7\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 ne zamandan beri \u201cf\u0131leh\u201d diye tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmiyor. 1797 do\u011fumlu K\u00fcrt edip Mele Mehm\u00fbd\u00ea Baz\u00eed\u00ee\u00a0 \u201cAdat \u00fb Rus\u00fbmatnamey\u00ea Ekradiye\u201d\u00a0 isimli eserinde \u201cf\u0131le (h)\u201d tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n gelmesiyle beraber, yayladan d\u00f6nen \u201czorba\u201d K\u00fcrtlere \u201ck\u0131\u015flakl\u0131k\u201d sa\u011flayan, evini a\u00e7an Ermeniler i\u00e7in yedi (7) defa kullanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00a0\u0130\u015fin ilginci, Baz\u00eed\u00ee \u00e7o\u011fu yerde file\u00a0 terimiminin e\u015f anlaml\u0131s\u0131 olarak \u201criya (n)\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 de yazmaktad\u0131r. Bu riya\u00a0 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201creaya\u201d yani\u00a0 \u201c bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki halk, kitle, topluluk\u201d,\u00a0 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz tabiriyle \u201cyurtta\u015f, vatanda\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.\u00a0 Bu ba\u011flam, az \u00e7ok,\u00a0 Ermeniler ile K\u00fcrtlerin ortak vatan\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden b\u00f6lgelerdeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini\u00a0 belirtmektedir. Zira Baz\u00eed\u00ee\u2018nin\u00a0 \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde\u00a0 zay\u0131f da olsa K\u00fcrt mirleri (emirlikler)\u00a0 varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hala korumaktayd\u0131lar. Bu mirlerin tebas\u0131n\u0131 iki kesim olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131: G\u00f6\u00e7ebe a\u015firetlere mensup, daha \u00e7ok hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve talanc\u0131l\u0131k ile ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren,\u00a0 mirlerin silahl\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan K\u00fcrtler ile,\u00a0 k\u00f6ylerde kasabalarda ve \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan, topra\u011f\u0131 ekip bi\u00e7en, zanaat sahibi, mire ayn\u0131 anda birka\u00e7 vergiyi \u00f6demek zorunda olan, haliyle K\u00fcrtlerden kat be kat ekonomik yarar sa\u011flayan\u00a0 \u00a0Ermeniler, Keldaniler, S\u00fcryaniler, Asuriler ve Nesturiler. Bu ba\u011flamda teban\u0131n belkemi\u011fini yani as\u0131l \u201cvatanda\u015f\u201d\u0131\u00a0 reaya olan \u201cF\u0131leh\u201d ler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.
\n\u201cF\u0131leh\u201d, bir tan\u0131mlama ve nitelendirme s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak, K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan, \u00f6zellikle\u00a0 Hristiyanlar\u00a0 (Ermeniler, S\u00fcryaniler, Asuriler, Keldaniler, Nesturiler ) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan topluluklar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u201c kafir, gavur\u201d terimleriyle e\u015fde\u011fer bir hakaret terimi s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011fu\u00a0 sav\u0131\u00a0 dillendirilse de bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin,\u00a0 Duhok, Mardin, Siirt, \u015e\u0131rnak b\u00f6lgesindeki F\u0131lehlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fini\u00a0 Keldaniler, Asuriler, S\u00fcryaniler, Ermeniler;\u00a0 Hakkari\u2019de Nasturiler ve\u00a0 Diyarbak\u0131r, Bitlis, Mu\u015f, Van, Erzurum\u00a0 \u00e7evresinde de\u00a0 yine tek ba\u015f\u0131na Ermeniler olu\u015fturur. Nitekim as\u0131l konumuz olan \u201cF\u0131l\u0131stan\u201dn\u0131n f\u0131lehlerini de\u00a0 sadece Ermeniler olu\u015fturuyordu.\u00a0
\n<\/a> \"\"<\/a>
\nF\u0131l\u0131stan Co\u011frafyas\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0 Van\u2019\u0131n Erci\u015f (Arce\u015f), A\u011fr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Patnos (Padnots) Bitlis\u2019in\u00a0 Adilcevaz (Ardske-Alcavazi) il\u00e7eleri ile Van G\u00f6l\u00fc d\u00f6rtgeninde yer alan\u00a0 ve g\u00fcney ucu Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn i\u00e7ine sokulup yar\u0131maday\u0131 olu\u015fturan , i\u00e7inde S\u00fcphan Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve Arin G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc bar\u0131nd\u0131ran, d\u00fcz bir araziye sahip\u00a0 olan b\u00f6lge, y\u00f6re K\u00fcrtleri taraf\u0131ndan \u201c F\u0131l\u0131stan\u201d olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Birle\u015fik bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olan F\u0131l\u0131stan , \u201cf\u0131le(h)\u201d (Ermeni) ile\u00a0 \u201c-(i)stan\u201d kelimelerinin kayna\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 \u00f6nceleri sadece K\u00fcrtler kullanm\u0131\u015f, zamanla y\u00f6re Ermenileri taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmi\u015f ve kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynak ve ar\u015fiv belgelerinde bu isme dair herhangi bir belge ya da haritaya denk gelmememiz, bu ismin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 resmiyette pek tercih edilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Ne var ki\u00a0 ya\u015flar\u0131 80 -100 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kaynak \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dair belirlemeleri, bu b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6re halk\u0131 nezdinde en az\u00a0 birka\u00e7 ku\u015fak taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 b\u00f6yle tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.\u00a0 \u00a0B\u00f6lgenin tamam\u0131 sadece Ermenilerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur,\u00a0 Erci\u015f Adilcevaz ve Patnos\u2019un da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerindeki Ermenilerin ve K\u00fcrtlerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu k\u00f6ylerin aksine\u00a0 bu b\u00f6lgede hi\u00e7 K\u00fcrt ya da farkl\u0131 bir toplulu\u011fun bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 daha da peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerde yer alan ve K\u00fcrtlerle Ermenilerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da sadece Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6yler bu co\u011frafyaya dahil edilmemi\u015ftir.
\nHac\u0131 Sad\u0131k \u00c7elik\u2019e g\u00f6re F\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0do\u011fuda Erci\u015f\u2019in P\u00eartax \/Pertag (Dinlence) k\u00f6y\u00fc, bat\u0131da Adilcevaz\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0 Ko\u00e7er\u00ee \/Gocer (Erikba\u011f\u0131) , kuzeyde Patnos\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Hozdemir (\u00d6zdemir) k\u00f6y\u00fc dolaylar\u0131\u00a0 ve g\u00fcneyde Van G\u00f6l\u00fc olu\u015fturur. Bu afaki co\u011frafyada yer alan yerle\u015fim\u00a0 birimleri \u015f\u00f6yledir :
\nAdilcevaz\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 V\u00ea\u00e7kashor (V\u00ea\u00e7gazoruk)\u00a0 (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00f6yle bir k\u00f6y yok) , Guzel (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00f6yle bir k\u00f6y yok ) Kara Ke\u015fi\u015f (Qere Ke\u015f\u00ee\u015f -Yar\u0131m ada ), Verin Ar\u00e7ira (Ax\u00e7ira -Ak\u00e7\u0131ra), Nerkin Ar\u00e7ira (Terxan\u00ee), Ar\u00eencgos (Ar (in\u00e7)k\u00fbs- Kavu\u015ftuk ), Arin (Ar\u00fbn-G\u00f6ld\u00fcz\u00fc), Pargad (Pargat-Esenk\u0131y\u0131), Khorants (Xornas-Kar\u015f\u0131yaka), Murxus, (mirx\u00fbs-\u0130pek\u00e7ay\u0131r), Nor\u015fen (Nor\u015f\u00een-Heybeli), Eketsor (H\u00eakesor-G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fd\u00f6ven), B\u00ea\u015fnakomer (P\u00ea\u015fnekomir-K\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc),\u00a0 Go\u00e7er (Ko\u00e7eri- Erikba\u011f\u0131), Kozox(h) ( Kanzoxa-Ayd\u0131nlar), Verin Sipan (S\u00eepan\u00ea Jor\u00ea -Yukar\u0131 S\u00fcphan), Nerkin Sipan (S\u00eepan\u00ea J\u00ear\u00ea-A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 S\u00fcphan), Ko\u011fos (Koz), Nor\u015fang (Nor\u015f\u00eenciq-Harmantepe), Manik (marn\u00fbk), Kherbesor (Xirbesor-\u00d6renta\u015f ), Perto (P\u00eato), Qi\u015fqil\u00ee, Khere\u015fekh (Qere\u015f\u00eax), Zirket\u00a0 (Zirk\u00eat-Akyaz\u0131), Ta\u015fuga (Ta\u015fquna-Ta\u015fk\u0131n) ;
\nErci\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Pertak (P\u00eartax-Dinlence),\u00a0 Kantzank (Kanzak-K\u0131rkde\u011firmen), Panon (Pan\u00ee-Ta\u015fl\u0131\u00e7ay ), Anzav (Anzaf- G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc ), Tilan (Dilan- \u00c7imen ) , Ag\u0131sraf (Asraf-Bayraml\u0131), Tonduras (tandras-Ta\u015fevler), Muy (M\u00eeh-Gedikdibi), Gurguz (Gurs\u00fbs-Tekler), Cudgah (Culge -Karatavuk), Deyr (D\u00ear -Ya\u011fl\u0131k) , Armizonk (Hevirzong -Karl\u0131yayla), \u015eerefli (\u015eerefl\u00ee-\u015eerefli),\u00a0 Zevik ( Z\u00eawuk-Ortayayla ), Hazard ( Hezare-Kayaboyu), Tzagzag (Zagzak -Ak\u00e7ayuva)
\nPatnos\u2019a\u00a0 ba\u011fl\u0131 Mecuyan (Mec\u00eeya -Esenbel),\u00a0 Orkut (Urk\u00fbt – \u00dcrk\u00fct ),\u00a0 Zerekli (Z\u00eerekl\u00ee ), Hozdemir (\u00d6zdemir), Marn\u00eek (Marnuk- Malik )<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 ilin -Van (Erci\u015f),Bitlis (Adilcevaz) , A\u011fr\u0131 (Patnos)- aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen bu kadim Ermeni co\u011frafyas\u0131nda\u00a0 sadece\u00a0 K\u00fcrtler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. 1930\u2019lardan itibaren b\u00f6lgedeki Ermeni k\u00f6ylerinin isimleri devlet taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fse de, K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e isimler\u00a0 benimsenmemi\u015f, Ermenice (K\u00fcrt\u00e7e telaffuzuyla) isimler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00f6re K\u00fcrtleri, hala\u00a0 kendilerini \u201cXelk\u00ea Filistan\u00ea (F\u0131l\u0131stanl\u0131 )\u201d olarak tan\u0131tmaya devam etmektedirler.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kadim izler<\/strong><\/p>\n

1915 \u00f6ncesinde bu co\u011frafyada , hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00a0 k\u00f6ylerde kiliseler ve birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck manast\u0131r\u0131n bulundu\u011fu\u00a0 \u00a0bilinmektedir. G\u00f6l\u00fcn ortas\u0131ndaki\u00a0 Nerkin Ar\u00e7ira (Ax\u00e7ira-Ak\u00e7\u0131ra) k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki\u00a0 \u201cHarab Manast\u0131r\u201d\u00a0 ile A\u011f\u0131sraf (Asraf-Bayraml\u0131), Cudgah (Culge-Karatavuk) k\u00f6yleri civar\u0131ndaki \u201cA\u011f (ak ) Manast\u0131r\u201d\u00a0 bu manast\u0131rlar\u0131n en me\u015fhurlar\u0131yd\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin ziyaret ve ibadet yerleriydi. 1915\u2019ten sonra kaderine terkedilen bu tarihi mabetler, zamanla k\u00f6ylere yerle\u015fenler taraf\u0131ndan harap edilmi\u015f, ta\u015flar\u0131 yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1920\u2019lerde \u00e7ocuk olan\u00a0 Ey\u00fcp Bark\u0131\u015f, Ar\u00e7\u0131ra\u00a0 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde iki kilise bulundu\u011funu, bu kiliselerin birinin,\u00a0 etraf\u0131 meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili olan Harap Manast\u0131r\u2019a yak\u0131n , beyaz ve kesme ta\u015flardan yapma devasa\u00a0 kubbeli bir yap\u0131 oldu\u011funu, hatta orada k\u00f6y\u00fcn di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla birlikte oyun oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyordu.\u00a0 Ar\u00e7ira k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan, 1960 ve sonraki y\u0131llarda\u00a0 do\u011fanlar bile\u00a0 Harap Manast\u0131r\u2019\u0131n harabelerini ve meyve bah\u00e7esini hat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda k\u00f6yden \u201cHalil\u201d adl\u0131 birinin bu bah\u00e7eyi tahrip etti\u011fini, kesilen baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan \u201ckan\u201d\u00a0 f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini, ayr\u0131ca bu\u00a0 bah\u00e7elerin, b\u00f6lgede ender bulunan bir va\u015fak ve tilki t\u00fcr\u00fcne ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ermenilerce\u00a0 \u201cKutsal\u201d say\u0131lan bu manast\u0131rlar, onlardan sonra\u00a0 \u00a0K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan \u201cziyaret\u201d olarak addedilmi\u015f. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de\u00a0 Ar\u00e7\u0131ra (Ax\u00e7ira-Ak\u00e7\u0131ra) k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki\u00a0 bir zamanlar\u00a0 Harap Manast\u0131r\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tepeye, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler\u00a0 hala \u201c Tep\u00ea Z\u00eeyaret\u00ea\u201d (Ziyaret Tepesi ) demeye devam ediyorlar.
\nB\u00f6lgedeki Ermeni mezarlar\u0131\u00a0 \u00a0 genellikle kiliselere yak\u0131n, ya da kilise ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7evresine serpilmi\u015f haldeydi. Birka\u00e7 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki \u201cha\u00e7kar\u201dlar gibi bu mezarl\u0131klardan baz\u0131lar\u0131\u00a0 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumaktayd\u0131lar. Lakin son y\u0131llarda\u00a0 defineciler\u00a0 ve definecili\u011fe merakl\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan bu ha\u00e7karlar ve mezarl\u0131klar \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip edildiler. Yine de\u00a0 Ar\u00e7ira k\u00f6y\u00fcnde , \u201cD\u00eara (K)Qulo\u201d m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda ve\u00a0 Ar\u00eencgos (Ar (in\u00e7)k\u00fbs- Kavu\u015ftuk ) k\u00f6y\u00fc camisi civar\u0131ndaki\u00a0 farkl\u0131 motiflerle bezenmi\u015f ha\u00e7karlar k\u0131smi olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumaktalar.
\nAr\u00een (Ar\u00fbn-G\u00f6ld\u00fcz\u00fc), Pargad(Pargat-Esenk\u0131y\u0131), Khorants (Xornas-Kar\u015f\u0131yaka) k\u00f6ylerindeki mezarl\u0131klar ve ha\u00e7karlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yok olmu\u015flar. Yine de baz\u0131 evlerin bah\u00e7elerinde\u00a0 hayvanlara tuz\u00a0 vermek i\u00e7in \u201cyalak\u201d olarak ya da evlerin\u00a0 duvarlar\u0131nda\u00a0 k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan ha\u00e7karlar\u0131 bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Sosyo-Ekonomik yap\u0131<\/strong>
\nF\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019daki Ermeni yap\u0131lar\u0131 son derece basit ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131. Evler, y\u00f6rede bolca bulunan\u00a0 S\u00fcphan\u00a0 (S\u00eepan ) Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 lavlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan\u00a0 koyu renkli ta\u015flardan in\u015fa edilirdi.\u00a0 \u00c7o\u011fu zaman ev ile \u201cMaran\u201d (Merek )\u00a0 denilen killer ve\u00a0 \u201cKom\u201d (Gom) denilen\u00a0 ah\u0131r ayn\u0131 avluda olurdu. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 mekan bazen bir kap\u0131 ile \u201csivder” denilen ara bir hol ile\u00a0 \u00a0\u201chav\u0131\u015f\u201d (hew\u015f)\u00a0 denilen avluya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Avlular genelde g\u00fcneye bakarlard\u0131.\u00a0 Ah\u0131r\u2019\u0131n en arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda\u00a0 \u201cTar\u201d ad\u0131nda kanatl\u0131 hayvanlar (daha \u00e7ok kaz ve \u00f6rdekler\u00a0 i\u00e7in)\u00a0 bir k\u00fcmes bulunurdu.
\nK\u0131\u015f mevsiminin \u00e7ok sert ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Van G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in bu yap\u0131lar son derece idealdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu yap\u0131lar\u00a0 o kadar sa\u011flamd\u0131 ki, 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra uzun bir s\u00fcre ayakta kalabildiler. 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na m\u00fcteakip b\u00f6lgeye kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fen\u00a0 \u0130do ve Xeto ailesinden ilk ku\u015fak olan Ey\u00fcp Bark\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn evlerin ve yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6ylece durdu\u011funu, y\u00fczeysel bir temizlikten sonra evlere yerle\u015ftiklerini, bu yap\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 1980\u2019lere kadar\u00a0 ayakta kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.
\nHemen hemen her k\u00f6yde, her evin kendisine ait bir su kuyusu vard\u0131. Ar\u00e7ira k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen\u00a0 su yollar\u0131 ve bentler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131rlar.
\n1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesi, y\u00f6re K\u00fcrtleri ile sa\u011flam ekonomik ve sosyal ili\u015fkileri olan F\u0131l\u0131stan Ermenileri, Bat\u0131 Ermenicesinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin Kurmanci leh\u00e7esini de \u00e7ok iyi biliyor\u00a0 ve\u00a0 \u00a0kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131 Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde F\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019da re\u00e7berlik ve \u00e7obanl\u0131k yapan K\u00fcrtler de, Ermenice konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131.\u00a0 \u00a01915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na birka\u00e7 y\u0131l kala, b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00f6yleri gaspetmeye ba\u015flayan A\u015firet Hafif S\u00fcvari Alaylar\u0131\u2019na\u00a0 (eski ismiyle Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131)\u00a0 mensup K\u00fcrtlerin b\u00f6lgeye yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla beraber, K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin etkisi\u00a0 daha da art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler d\u00f6neminde F\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019da ekonomik u\u011fra\u015f\u00a0<\/strong>
\nErmeniler d\u00f6nemi F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesi\u00a0 Van ve\u00a0 kom\u015fu Bitlis Vilayeti i\u00e7in \u201cBu\u011fday Ambar\u0131\u201d d\u0131r. 1838 yaz\u0131nda Adilcevaz\u2019a\u00a0 gitmek i\u00e7in F\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019dan\u00a0 ge\u00e7en \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Erzurum\u00a0 Konsolosu James Brant A\u011f\u0131sraf, Nur\u015fen ve Arin k\u00f6ylerindeki \u201cileri tar\u0131m\u201dmetodlar\u0131ndan, topra\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011finden, bu\u011fday\u0131n kalitesinden s\u00f6zeder .\u00d6yle ki Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 yeni \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi modern tar\u0131m tekniklerini buradaki Ermeniler nesillerdir uyguluyorlarm\u0131\u015f.
\nF\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinde yeti\u015fen bu\u011fday, ka\u011fn\u0131larla Ar\u00e7\u0131ra , Kara Ke\u015fi\u015f ve Pargad k\u00f6yleri k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki\u00a0 iskelelere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, oradan da\u00a0 \u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131klar ile\u00a0 Van\u2019a g\u00f6nderilirdi. Y\u00f6re Ermenileri birka\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit bu\u011fday t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yeti\u015ftirebiliyordu ve tar\u0131m konusunda son derece bilgiliydiler. Hayvan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve tand\u0131rlardan \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00fcbre olarak kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Tohumu sa\u00e7arak de\u011fil, hatlar (s\u0131ralar ) \u015feklinde ekerlerdi.
\nF\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ne sokulan\u00a0 yar\u0131mada k\u0131sm\u0131nda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cGon\u00ee\u201d denilen dikenli bir bitkinin yeti\u015fti\u011fi bu alandan kaliteli bir bal \u00e7e\u015fidi elde edilirdi. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0 K\u00fcrdolog Prof. Celil\u00ea Celil\u00a0 Ermenice kaynaklara dayanarak, Ar\u00e7ira ve Kara Ke\u015fi\u015f k\u00f6ylerinde bal ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Ey\u00fcp Bark\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lgede ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 lakin Ermenilerden sonra b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen K\u00fcrtlerin ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan anlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bunu devam ettiremediklerini, bunlar\u0131 da\u00a0 babas\u0131ndan duydu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.
\nK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k hemen hemen F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinin her yerinde yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinde bir di\u011fer ekonomik u\u011fra\u015f bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131.\u00a0 Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere\u00a0 \u0130nci Kefali olarak bilinen\u00a0 ender bir bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fcnyada sadece\u00a0 Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ar\u00e7ira K\u00f6rfezi\u00a0 bal\u0131k av\u0131 i\u00e7in son derece elveri\u015fliydi.\u00a0 Y\u00f6re Ermenilerin\u00a0 \u201cDarekh\u201d dedi\u011fi\u00a0 bu bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn salamuras\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r, uzak yerlere sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\nMeyvecilik de b\u00f6lgede yo\u011fun \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi Urartular\u2019a\u00a0 dayanan \u201cErci\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d olarak bilinen\u00a0 nadir\u00a0 bir \u00fcz\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fc, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na oranla daha ta\u015fl\u0131k bir araziye sahip olan Kantzank, Panon, Anzav, Tilan, Ag\u0131sraf, Tonduras, Muy, Gurguz, Cudgah, Deyr, Armizonk k\u00f6ylerinde\u00a0 yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde yeti\u015ftirilir ve bu \u00fcz\u00fcmden\u00a0 lezzetli\u00a0 \u015faraplar elde edilirdi.
\nSahil k\u00f6ylerindeki Ermenilerin\u00a0 bir ba\u015fka u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 ise, sabun yap\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Sahildeki sodal\u0131 suyun kurumas\u0131yla olu\u015fan, \u201cporang\u201d\u00a0 adl\u0131 bir sabun \u00e7e\u015fidi \u00fcretilirdi, \u0130ngiliz konsolos bunu\u00a0 bir k\u0131y\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fc olan\u00a0 Arin\u2019de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bu sabunun al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n ise\u00a0 daha \u00e7ok K\u00fcrtler oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>
\n1915 \u00f6ncesi F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesi, tek ba\u015f\u0131na Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kuzey hinterland\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve yar\u0131-g\u00f6\u00e7ebe Adaman ve Haydaran\u00a0 a\u015firet konfederasyonlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 belli bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda besliyordu. B\u00f6lgedeki ticaret de\u00a0 bu eksende geli\u015fmi\u015fti. F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesi, Van pa\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131yordu ki bu da K\u00fcrt mirlerinin b\u00f6lgeden uzak durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli bir sebepti. \u00d6yle ki bu zaman diliminde\u00a0 F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesi bay\u0131nd\u0131r bir alan haline gelmi\u015fti. Tanzimat\u00a0 s\u00fcreci ile beraber tasfiye edilen mirliklerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, a\u015firetler de kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yo\u011funla\u015fan a\u015firet \u015fiddeti, bir \u00e7ok Ermeni habitat\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesini de\u00a0 deyim yerindeyse yerle bir etti. Haydaran a\u015firet konfederasyonunun Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla beraber, b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00f6ylerde devlet destekli a\u015firet tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fcst seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1915 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise\u00a0 daha \u00f6nce\u00a0 minimize edilmi\u015f olan Ermeni n\u00fcfus\u00a0 tamamen yok edildi.<\/p>\n

Hz. Ali\u2019nin\u00a0 Ermeni\u00a0 hizmetkar\u0131n\u0131n soyu : \u201cTarhanlar\u201d<\/p>\n

F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinde\u00a0 ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir Ermeni\u00a0 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden\u00a0 \u201cTarhanlar\u201d, s\u00f6zl\u00fc m\u00fclakatlardan\u00a0 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn Ermenilere h\u00fck\u00fcm ediyorlard\u0131.
\nOsmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi nezdinde de baz\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131klara sahip bu hanedan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve di\u011fer inan\u00e7lardan olan topluluklar nezdinde de \u201ckutsal\u201d say\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0 Hanedan\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir konuma y\u00fckselmesi san\u0131r\u0131m\u00a0 b\u00f6lgede hayli pop\u00fcler olan bir efsaneye dayan\u0131yordu. Anlat\u0131ya g\u00f6re \u201cPeygamberin damad\u0131 Ali\u201d bir sava\u015fta topu\u011fundan ok ile vurulmu\u015f, yaras\u0131\u00a0 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc iyile\u015fmemi\u015f, ta ki\u00a0 Ermeni hizmetkar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn o namaz k\u0131larken topu\u011fundaki okun ucunu farkedip\u00a0 di\u015fleriyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ncaya kadar. Ali, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli hizmetkar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fclalesini\u00a0 nesiller boyunca\u00a0 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc vergiden muaf tutar.
\nHer ne kadar Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde \u201cKabile\u201d ya da \u201cFamilya\u201d olarak ge\u00e7se de, Tarhan Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 \u00a0F\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019da ne kadarl\u0131k bir kitleyi olu\u015fturdu\u011funu bilmiyoruz. Lakin\u00a0 Verkin Ar\u00e7\u0131ra (Terxan\u00ee ) k\u00f6y\u00fc sadece bu soydan gelen bir aileye\u00a0 aitti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de bu m\u0131nt\u0131kan\u0131n ad\u0131 hala \u201cTarhani\u201d (Terxan\u00ee)\u2019dir. Y\u00f6re K\u00fcrtlerinin s\u00f6ylenceleri hala, Tarhan a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 zenginliklerine dairdir, \u00f6yle ki F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinde tek bir K\u00fcrt yoktur ki, \u201cZengin Tarhan Hanedan\u0131\u201dn\u0131 duymam\u0131\u015f olsun. Tarhan hanedan\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011fi, en \u00e7ok da d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan Kerem Koto taraf\u0131ndan dillendirilmi\u015f. Kerem\u2019in anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 sonraki y\u0131llarda define avc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ezberlenmi\u015f ve anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda\u00a0 neredeyse b\u00f6lgedeki arazinin her kar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mezarlara zarar verilmi\u015f, Ha\u00e7karlar tahrip edilmi\u015f.
\nBa\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u00a0 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131na ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fine\u00a0 ait,\u00a0 Tarhan hanedan\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin Bab\u0131-\u0131 Ali\u2019ye g\u00f6ndermi\u015f olduklar\u0131 dilek\u00e7eye dair kurumlar aras\u0131 resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalara denk geldik. \u0130lki, hanedan\u0131n toplan\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u201cTekalif-i \u00d6rfiyye\u201d\u00a0 \u2018den muaf olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 soran bir i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.
\n\u0130kinci yaz\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re\u00a0 ise Tarhan hanedan\u0131n\u0131n elinde, Sultan\u00a0 IV. Murat\u2019\u0131n kendilerine vermi\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia ettikleri \u201cmuafiyet\u201d\u00a0 belgesi vard\u0131. Yani bu muafiyet belgesi, Ermeni Tarhan hanedan\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan ahaliden al\u0131nan rutin vergilerden muaf tutuyordu
\nDi\u011fer bir yaz\u0131\u015fma, hanedandan Ha\u00e7ik\u2019in, Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi\u2019nden hemen \u00f6nce toplan\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan \u201cTekalif-i\u00a0 Harbiye\u201dden (Sava\u015f vergisi)\u00a0 muaf tutulma\u00a0 talebiydi. Burada hanedan\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 \u201cHz. Ali\u2019nin\u00a0 cerrahi hizmetini yapan adam\u0131n s\u00fclalesi\u201d\u00a0 ifadesini\u00a0 resmi bir yaz\u0131\u015fmada\u00a0 da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: :<\/p>\n

\u201cVan vilayeti dahilinde Adilcevaz kazas\u0131 sekenesinden Ha\u00e7ik ve r\u00fcfekas\u0131 taraflar\u0131ndan \u0130mam Ali Hazretleri’nin cerrahl\u0131k hizmetinde bulunan adam\u0131n s\u00fclalesinin tekaliften muafiyetine dair arz. (Maliye 20)\u201d
\n4 Ramazan 1331 ( 7 A\u011fustos 1913)<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu -20.y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 resmi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda , \u00f6zel vergi muafiyetleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f olan Tarhan hanedan\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tersine\u00a0 ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 ve ard\u0131l\u0131 askeri organizasyonlar\u0131 te\u015fkil eden K\u00fcrtler\u00a0 nezdinde ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildi. K\u00f6r H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa ve Emin Pa\u015fa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Haydaran (Heyderi)\u00a0 a\u015firetinden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 , F\u0131l\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesindeki Tarhan hanedan\u0131na korkun\u00e7 bir bask\u0131 uyguluyordu. Zamanla hanedan, zenginli\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Haydaran a\u015firetini olu\u015fturan kabilelere kapt\u0131r\u0131r ama yine de topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terketmez, Verkin Ar\u00e7\u0131ra (Terxan\u00ee ) k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki Tarhanlar\u0131n\u00a0 a\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olan Kerem Koto\u2019ya g\u00f6re Tarhanlar 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na\u00a0 kadar b\u00f6lgede kalmaya devam ederler:
\n\u201cErmeni katliam\u0131\u2019na (Qirkirina Fila) kadar ben Terxan\u00ee\u2019de (Verkin Ar\u00e7\u0131ra), Terxan (Tarhan) a\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n hem \u00e7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 , hem de hizmetkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131m. Bir g\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmet emir verdi, \u2018Filelerin (Ermenilerin)\u00a0 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kesin\u2019 diye. Ondan sonra silahl\u0131 milisler ve K\u00fcrtler\u00a0 F\u0131l\u0131stan\u2019a girdiler. K\u00f6y k\u00f6y\u00a0 Ermenileri kestiler. Milisler ve K\u00fcrtler Terxani\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131nca, o s\u0131rada Terxani\u2019de alt\u0131 yedi ev vard\u0131. Terxan a\u011fas\u0131 ve iki o\u011flu \u00f6nce servetlerini kendileriyle beraber g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sonra \u2018yolda soyuluruz\u2019 diye vazge\u00e7tiler,\u00a0 bana iki \u00e7uval dolusu ziynet e\u015fyas\u0131 ve alt\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ta\u015f\u0131tt\u0131lar. Bir yerde durduk, a\u011fan\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131, g\u00f6rmemem ve ka\u00e7mamam i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlerimi, ellerimi ve ayaklar\u0131m\u0131 ba\u011flad\u0131. Sonra o iki torbay\u0131 oraya g\u00fcmd\u00fcler. Daha sonra ailelerini al\u0131p ka\u00e7t\u0131lar. (…) \u0130yi insanlard\u0131 Terxanlar iyilik yapmay\u0131 severlerdi. Yolda ge\u00e7en herkese yemek verirlerdi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a
\n<\/strong>
\nAr\u015fiv :
\nBa\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi
\nB.O.A.DH.MKT. \/ 269 – 23
\nB.O.A.MV. \/ 98 – 24
\nB.O.A.\u015eD. \/ 464 – 29
\nB.O.A.\u0130.ML.\/ 93 – 42
\nB.O.A.MKT.MHM.\/723-16
\nB.O.A. Y.PRK.ZB.\/16-66
\nB.O.A. MKT.MHM. \/ 666-20
\nB.O.A.MKT.MHM.\/ 672-31<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f Kitap<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brant, James ,1938 Yaz\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan , \u0130stanbul,2014
\nEvliya \u00c7elebi, Evliya \u00c7elebi Seyahatnamesi Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Ba\u011fdat 305 Numaral\u0131 Yazman\u0131n Transkripsiyonu-Dizini (4. Kitap 1.cild),haz: Y\u00fccel Da\u011fl\u0131 -Seyit Ali Kahraman, \u0130stanbul,2001
\nK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ,Orhan, XVI.ve XVII. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Van, Van,1997
\nKilbourne, Matossian Mary, Susie Hoogasian Villa, Anlat\u0131lar ve Foto\u011fraflarla 1914 \u00d6ncesi Ermeni K\u00f6y Hayat\u0131, \u0130stanbul,2006
\nM. ,Mahmut , Adet\u00ea Kurdistan , Den Haag,1979
\nMayewski, Van-Bitlis Vil\u00e2yetleri Asker\u00ee \u0130statisti\u011fi,\u00e7ev: Mehmet Sadd\u0131k , \u0130stanbul, 1914
\nStock , P.V. ,La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 Massacres d\u2019Arm\u00e9nie , Paris,1896
\nTavemier, Jean-Baptiste ,Tavernier Seyahatnamesi, haz: Stefanos Yerasimos, \u00e7ev:Teoman Tun\u00e7do\u011fan,\u0130stanbul,2006
\nWigram, W. A.\/Edgar T. A. ,\u0130nsanli\u011fin Be\u015fi\u0307\u011fi\u0307\/ K\u00fcrdi\u0307stan’da Ya\u015fam ,\u00e7ev: \u0130brahim Bing\u00f6l, \u0130stanbul ,2004,<\/p>\n

Kaynak \u015eah\u0131s<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130smet Eri\u015fen
\n( Van -Erci\u015f, Latifiye Mahallesi\u2019nde 20 Mart 2010\u2019da kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131.)
\nCel\u00eel\u00ea Cel\u00eel
\n( Avusturya -Viyana, Casim\u00ea Celil Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde 10 \u015eubat 2016\u2019da kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131.)
\nAli Ulugana
\n( Bitlis-Adilcevaz ,Ak\u00e7\u0131ra (Ar\u00e7ira) K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde 8 Haziran 2016\u2019da kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ncesi\u00a0ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m d\u00f6neminin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan\u00a0 Kerem Koto\u2019nun s\u00f6ylediklerini aktard\u0131.)
\nAhmet Bark\u0131\u015f
\n( Van-Erci\u015f, \u00c7elebiba\u011f\u0131 (Eganis) Mahallesi\u2019nde 2 A\u011fustos 2016\u2019da kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ncesi\u00a0ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m d\u00f6neminin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan babas\u0131 \u0130smail \u00c7elebi\u2019nin s\u00f6ylediklerini aktard\u0131.)
\nSad\u0131k \u00c7elik
\n( Van-Erci\u015f , Derimevi (Cerge\u015fin) K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde\u00a0 15 Mart 2016\u2019da kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131.)
\nEy\u00fcp Bark\u0131\u015f
\n( Van-Erci\u015f, \u00c7elebiba\u011f\u0131 (Eganis)\u00a0 Mahallesi\u2019nde\u00a0 28 A\u011fustos 2016\u2019da kendisiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131ld\u0131.)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/21954\/1915-oncesi-van-golu-kuzeyinde-kadim-bir-ermeni-yurdu-filistan?fbclid=IwAR358-OcazEsQ1QuTslJe5AP7_SGfH_YbyXtCtH7Y0czzIl0qeqksIETGhI<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bitlis\u2019in Ak\u00e7\u0131ra k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki eski Ermeni manast\u0131r\u0131 \u201cAkmanast\u0131r\u201d\u0131n ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunan ve bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren akademisyen Sedat Ulugana b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir makale de kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u201cVan ve \u00c7evresi, Toplumsal, K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Ekonomik Tarihi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konferansa da sunulan bu makaleyi \u00f6zetleyerek yay\u0131nl\u0131yoruz. Sedat ULUGANA\u00a0 \u201cF\u0131leh\u201d tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6zc\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":51003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunumuzde-bati-ermenistan","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\n1915 \u00f6ncesi Van G\u00f6l\u00fc kuzeyinde kadim bir Ermeni yurdu: \u201cF\u0131l\u0131stan\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=51001\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1915 \u00f6ncesi Van G\u00f6l\u00fc kuzeyinde kadim bir Ermeni yurdu: \u201cF\u0131l\u0131stan\u201d - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bitlis\u2019in Ak\u00e7\u0131ra k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki eski Ermeni manast\u0131r\u0131 \u201cAkmanast\u0131r\u201d\u0131n ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunan ve bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren akademisyen Sedat Ulugana b\u00f6lgedeki Ermenilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir makale de kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 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