{"id":49257,"date":"2018-10-30T03:58:53","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T08:58:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=49257"},"modified":"2018-10-30T03:58:53","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T08:58:53","slug":"lenin-yonetimindeki-bolseviklerin-milli-mucadeleye-katkilari-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=49257","title":{"rendered":"Lenin Y\u00f6netimindeki Bol\u015feviklerin Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019ye Katk\u0131lar\u0131 \u00dczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuhaf kader cilveleri vard\u0131r. E\u011fer Lenin \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131kmasayd\u0131 ve Rusya zafer g\u00fcn\u00fcne eri\u015fse idi, \u0130stanbul Rus olacakt\u0131. \u0130nsan\u0131n acaba bir \u0130stanbul k\u00f6\u015fesine Lenin\u2019in b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc koysak m\u0131, diyece\u011fi gelir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay<\/a>[i]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Okuyucu Falih R\u0131fk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini, abart\u0131l\u0131 bulabilir ama bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ifade edilmesidir.\u00a0 Milli M\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde Sovyet yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, T\u00fcrk-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131nda, Yunan Ordusunun grevinin yan\u0131nda, Sovyetlerin mali ve askeri yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tayin edici bir etkisinin oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur. Bu etki tarih\u00e7ilerin neredeyse \u00fczerinde anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 tek konu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylersek abartm\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131z.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda kaybetti\u011fimiz \u0130stanbul do\u011fumlu tarih\u00e7i dostum Neoklis Sarris, Sovyet-Ankara yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n M. Kemal\u2019in ger\u00e7ek kurtulu\u015fu oldu\u011funu<\/a>[ii]<\/a>ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toprak kayb\u0131 olmadan s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cyeni bir devlet\u201d olarak kurulu\u015funu bu yak\u0131nla\u015fmaya bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu kabul etmektedir.<\/a>[iii]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu Askeri yard\u0131m Neoklis Sarris\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, iki y\u0131ldan daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede sa\u011flanan Sovyet yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esini ve iki y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam asker\u00ee giderlerini a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131! \u201cSilah yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla ilgili olarak, sadece piyade t\u00fcfekleri, Kemalist m\u00fccadelede kullan\u0131lan toplam t\u00fcfeklerin d\u00f6rtte birini a\u015f\u0131yor. Sava\u015f\u0131n Sakarya\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn Kemalist ordunun 54,572 t\u00fcfe\u011fi vard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 28 Temmuz tarihine kadar Rusya 30,083 t\u00fcfe\u011fi teslim etti. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Sakarya\u2019da T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 Rus\u2019tu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, bat\u0131 cephesinde\u2014Yunan-T\u00fcrk cephesi\u2014Kemalist ordunun, piyade i\u00e7in 9 milyon mermisi vard\u0131; Kemalist m\u00fccadele boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon kur\u015fun kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 28 Temmuz\u2019a kadar, Rusya taraf\u0131ndan 300 milyon mermi daha sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bu say\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrklerin o d\u00f6nemde sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret edilmeli! Makineli t\u00fcfeklere gelince, onlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri, aynen toplar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri gibi Rusya\u2019n\u0131nd\u0131! Ayr\u0131ca, 21 Ekim 1921\u2019de Trabzon\u2019da teslim edilen \u201cJivoy\u201d ve \u201cYutiy\u201d adl\u0131 iki Rus destroyeri de vard\u0131. Son olarak, Kemalist ordu, Rus yard\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015fka, Frans\u0131z ordusu Adana\u2019dan \u00e7ekilirken teslim etti\u011fi 10,000 t\u00fcfek ve 1,505 kutu mermiyle de takviye edildi\u011fini belirtmek gerekir. Bunlar\u0131n haricinde, kalan m\u00fchimmat Rus mal madd\u00ee yard\u0131m\u0131yla Fransa\u2019dan ve genel olarak Avrupa\u2019dan sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu yard\u0131m bollu\u011fu, e\u011fer Sovyetler\u2019in bu d\u00f6nem boyunca rejimlerinin tesisiyle y\u00fczle\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir i\u00e7 sava\u015ftan ge\u00e7tikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r\u201d<\/a>[iv]<\/a>Askeri yard\u0131mlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde 20.000 gaz maskesi de vard\u0131r. Muhtemelen Topal Osman \u00c7etesi Pontos Halk\u0131na, di\u011fer \u00e7eteler kendi b\u00f6lgelerindeki Rum Halk\u0131na \u201ct\u00fcts\u00fc\u201d verirken \u00e7ete elemanlar\u0131 etkilenmesin!<\/p>\n

Elbette, devletler\/ h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131nda dostluklar, yapacaklar\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi ve birbirlerine yapacaklar ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 maddi ve manevi yard\u0131mlar\u0131n yad\u0131rganacak bir yan\u0131 yoktur. Ancak, bu yard\u0131mlar\u0131n nas\u0131l ve nerede kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zleri ile g\u00f6rmelerine ra\u011fmen sorgulamadan yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n Marksizmde yerini bulamay\u0131z.\u00a0\u00a0Mezar\u0131n\u0131 kendine kazd\u0131r\u0131p diri diri adam g\u00f6men ve vapur kazan\u0131na k\u00f6m\u00fcr yerine canl\u0131 adam atmak gibi zul\u00fcm ve i\u015fkenceleri ile tan\u0131nan bir \u00e7ete reisine yolda\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hitap etmek anlams\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Y\u00f6netiminde Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6zel Kalemi olan ard\u0131l\u0131 Kemalist d\u00f6nemin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde rejimin en \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyetlerinden biri olan Falih R\u0131fk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaleminden bu i\u015fkencecinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fu kelimelerle ifade edilir:<\/p>\n

\u201cTopal Osman bir g\u00fcn bir kaymakama k\u0131zm\u0131\u015f, eline kazmay\u0131 vermi\u015f: Burada bir \u00e7ukur kaz! diye emretmi\u015f, derinlik k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131 bulunca:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Gir i\u00e7ine! demi\u015f ve kaymakam\u0131 kendi eliyle kazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezara g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Bir defas\u0131nda bir \u00e7ete reisinin, i\u00e7indekilerle beraber yakt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 evden, bir anan\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla kucaklay\u0131p tekrar aleve do\u011fru f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gemi oca\u011f\u0131na k\u00f6m\u00fcr yerine s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin hik\u00e2yesi uzun m\u00fcddet t\u00fcylerimizi \u00fcrpertmi\u015fti.\u201d<\/a>[v]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk y\u00f6neticiler bu soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n marifetlerini bu s\u00f6zlerle \u00f6zetlerken, Bol\u015fevikler ne yap\u0131yor derseniz? Cevap hi\u00e7 ho\u015f de\u011fildir. \u00a0\u201cYolda\u015flar\u201d, \u201cKaradeniz K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrk Kuvvetleri Ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 \u2018yolda\u015f Osman A\u011fa\u2019ya\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 mektuplar yazar ve talepte bulunurlar. \u00dcnl\u00fc Bol\u015fevik Yolda\u015f Zinin\u2019in de bir\u00e7ok mektubu bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/a>[vi]<\/a><\/p>\n

Topal Osman A\u011fa kimdi? Hem Mare\u015fal Frunze, hem el\u00e7i Aralov, hem de Rusya\u2019daki Bol\u015fevik y\u00f6neticiler Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n kim oldu\u011funu biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1921 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda Ankara\u2019ya atanan Sovyet El\u00e7isi Aralov, Samsun\u2019dan Ankara\u2019ya kadar ge\u00e7en yolculu\u011funda Pontos\u2019a dair g\u00f6zlemlerini kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cSamsun, Sinop, Amasya Sancaklar\u0131nda Rum Halk\u0131ndan ancak, Da\u011flarda dola\u015fan \u00e7eteden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. \u00d6zellikle Laz \u00e7eteba\u015flar\u0131ndan Osman a\u011fa, canavarca davran\u0131\u015flaryla \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Osman A\u011fa, vah\u015fi \u00e7etesiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerde, ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f, omuz \u00fcst\u00fcnde ba\u015f b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f. Yerli halk onun gaddarca davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, deh\u015fetle hat\u0131rl\u0131yor<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[vii]<\/a>[lxx]<\/p>\n

Aralov\u2019dan \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen Mare\u015fal Frunze, onu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ifade eder:<\/p>\n

\u201cLazistan\u2019\u0131n en etkili \u00f6nderlerinden biri olan Osman A\u011fa, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc lazlardan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kuvvetle, T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesindeki K\u00fcrtleri ve Samsun sanca\u011f\u0131ndaki (vilayet) Rumlar\u0131 kan ve ate\u015fe bo\u011fdu. Bu toplanan kuvvet olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczenliydi. Do\u011fu geleneklerine g\u00f6re hareket ediyorlard\u0131: Yani ge\u00e7tikleri yerleri talan ediyorlard\u0131. Her taraf bir mezar sessizli\u011fine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyordu; tam bir suskunlu\u011fa\u2026 Genellikle denebilir ki, ulusal tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerle\u015fmi\u015f t\u00fcm halklar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme bi\u00e7imleri tekti ve son derece de basitti: D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok\u2019 edilmesi.\u201d<\/a>[viii]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Ordu yerine \u00e7ete kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7etelerin de neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 herkesin malumu oldu\u011fundan, Miralay Behi\u00e7 Bey (Erkin), Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet Bey\u2019in (\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc) ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini kabul etmez. \u201cBu aral\u0131k Anadolu\u2019da. Ordudan ziyade, \u00e7ete \u015feklinde gayr-i muntazam kuvvetlerle i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ve ben bu gibi te\u015fkilat\u0131n \u00f6teden beri aleyhinde oldu\u011fumdan, bunlarla u\u011fra\u015fmaktaki m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fclat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, Genelkurmay \u0130kinci Reisli\u011fini kabul etmek istemiyordum. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya,\u0130smet Bey, benimle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmad\u0131 diye g\u00fccenir siz l\u00fctfen bunu irade buyurunuz\u00a0<\/em>dedim. Pa\u015fa, merak etme ben izah ederim cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi.\u201d<\/a>[ix]<\/a>\u00a0S\u00f6zlerinden kabul etmemekte de zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve M. Kemal\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Mare\u015fal Frunze gerek Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n milisleri, Gerekse Merkez Ordusu\u2019nun\u201cTenkil m\u00fcfrezelerinin kentte olsun, isyana kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul etmeyen Rum k\u00f6y\u00adlerinde olsun ne t\u00fcr vah\u015fetler yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7a par\u00e7a an\u0131lar olarak dinleme olana\u011f\u0131 bulduk. Bu konuda \u00f6zel\u00adlikle daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim L\u00e2z\u2019lar\u0131n reisi Osman \u2013 A\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f. B\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeyi az\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7etesiyle kan ve ate\u015fe bo\u011fmu\u015f. San\u0131r\u0131m \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek yeter bu konu\u00adda: Buradaki T\u00fcrkler bile onun yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan korkuyla s\u00f6z ediyorlar ve asla onaylam\u0131yorlar. Benim i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 um\u00admad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir bilgi olmu\u015ftu do\u011frusu\u201d,\u00a0<\/em>diye devam ederek, \u201c\u00f6\u011frendim ki, Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7eteleri Havza\u2019da korku salm\u0131\u015f, yakm\u0131\u015f, \u0131rza ge\u00e7mi\u015f, \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen t\u00fcm Rum ve Ermenileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri y\u0131km\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u2026\u201d<\/a>[x]<\/a>\u00a0 s\u00f6zleriyle Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 sayar.<\/p>\n

Mare\u015fal Frunze, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 1921 yaz\u0131nda bir tenkil (tepeleme) m\u00fcfrezesi d\u00fczenledi\u011fini ve bu m\u00fcfrezenin b\u00f6lgede b\u00fct\u00fcn Rum k\u00f6ylerindeki halk\u0131n ac\u0131madan hakk\u0131ndan gelmi\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek. Bu k\u00f6ylerden birini tarif eder, \u201cne bir insan, ne bir hayvan, ne bir ku\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Evlerin hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00adm\u00fc\u015f tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir tek insan bile yoktur.<\/em>Frunze yol boyu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 resmederek payla\u015f\u0131r:\u00a0Keskin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kasaba; 1500 ev var. Yandaki bir tepeden ak\u0131p gelen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir dere vadisinde, olduk\u00e7a ge\u00adni\u015f bir alana kurulmu\u015f. \u00c7o\u011funlukla evler iki katl\u0131. Baz\u0131\u00adlar\u0131 verandal\u0131, g\u00fczel merdivenlerle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan Avrupa evleri tipinde. Bundan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Keskin\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u00ad\u011funlu\u011funu Rumlar olu\u015fturuyormu\u015f. \u00c7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaretle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f ve olduk\u00e7a da varl\u0131kl\u0131ym\u0131\u015flar. Keskin, Rum metropolitinin merkezi. Ama art\u0131k \u00abmerkeziymi\u015f\u00bb demek daha do\u011fru. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk-Rum sava\u015f\u0131 her \u015feyi alt\u00fcst etmi\u015f, her yerde oldu\u011fu gibi t\u00fcm erkekler askere gitmi\u015fler. Ticaret Rumlar\u0131n elinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclerek, zorla el konarak, istiml\u00e2k edilerek, v.s<\/em>\u2026\u201d<\/a>[xi]<\/a><\/p>\n

Frunze, bu zor ko\u015fullara kar\u015f\u0131n Pontos direni\u015finin devam etti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer:\u00a0Ama yine de geride kalan b\u00fc\u00ady\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Yunanl\u0131larla sava\u015f\u0131n bitmesine de\u011fin d\u00f6\u00adv\u00fc\u015fmeye devam etmeyi tasarlayarak inatla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u00adlarm\u0131\u015f direni\u015flerini.<\/a>[xii]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci Mare\u015fal Frunze, g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini sat\u0131r sat\u0131r kaydeder. O Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Bak\u0131yorum, \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k arabalar\u00adda siyahlara b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrleri oturuyor ve yat\u0131\u00adyor. Aralar\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar da var. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da, \u00e7ocukla\u00adr\u0131n da giyimleri \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc; so\u011fuktan titriyorlar. Gerideki arabalara bak\u0131yorum, arabalardan birinin arkas\u0131ndan y\u00fc\u00adr\u00fcyen bir asker, y\u0131rt\u0131k p\u0131rt\u0131k giysiler i\u00e7indeki bir k\u0131z \u00e7o\u00adcu\u011funu kald\u0131r\u0131p arabaya oturtuyor. K\u0131zca\u011f\u0131z\u0131n her yeri so\u011fuktan morarm\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu titriyor. Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 arabada bir ele\u011fin alt\u0131na gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u015ea\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7inde ne oldu\u011funu soruyorum Binba\u015f\u0131ya. O \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cHay\u00addutlar\u0131n ailelerini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Onlar\u0131 Amasya\u2019ya yer\u00adle\u015ftirecekler.\u201d<\/a>[xiii]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>Yerel y\u00f6neticiler, Pontos halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm yoluna \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 Frunze\u2019ye,\u00a0su\u00e7lular\u0131n Pontos halk\u0131 oldu\u011funa inand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar, Askerler ve T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri \u00f6ylesine kin\u00adle doluydular ki, y\u00f6neticiler ne emir verirse versin yine de \u015fiddetten vazge\u00e7miyorlarm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca son zamanlarda Samsun sanca\u011f\u0131ndaki topraklar Rum e\u015fkiyalar\u0131n\u0131n vah\u015fe\u00adtiyle \u00e7alkalan\u0131yormu\u015f yeniden. \u201cRum \u00e7eteleri T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yle\u00adrini yak\u0131yor, Samsun \u2013 Ankara yolunda s\u0131k s\u0131k bask\u0131nlar yap\u0131yor, hemen her g\u00fcn birka\u00e7 asker \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar ve kor\u00adkun\u00e7 bir faaliyet g\u00f6steriyorlar, diye anlatt\u0131 Mutasarr\u0131f. Bu durum \u00fczerine kesin tedbirler al\u0131narak, b\u00fct\u00fcn Rum halk\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkenin i\u00e7lerine g\u00f6nderip yerle\u015ftirmeye, karar ver\u00admi\u015fler<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[xiv]<\/a>[lxxviii]Yerle\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek olarak okumakta sak\u0131nca yoktur.<\/p>\n

Frunze\u2019nin \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na dair hi\u00e7bir teredd\u00fcde yer b\u0131rakmaz: \u201cSamsun, Sinop ve Amasya\u2019da ya\u00ad\u015fayan 200 bin Rum\u2019dan yaln\u0131zca da\u011flarda dola\u015fan bir\u00adka\u00e7 \u00e7ete kald\u0131. Ya\u015fl\u0131lar, kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hemen hepsi \u00fclkenin ba\u015fka yerlerine, Diyarbak\u0131r, Harput, Kon\u00adya b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler [buray\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olarak okumak gerek]. Bunlar \u00f6yle bir zamanda ve \u00f6ylesine yokluk i\u00e7inde gittiler ki, yeni yerlerinde yoksul\u00adluk ve k\u00f6lelik hayat\u0131 ya\u015fayan, s\u00fcr\u00fcnen b\u00fct\u00fcn bu kitle\u00adden birka\u00e7 bin ki\u015finin bile sa\u011f kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcm\u00adk\u00fcn.\u201d<\/em><\/a>[xv]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cBu yol t\u00fcm ya\u015fant\u0131m boyunca belle\u011fimden \u00e7\u0131kmayacakt\u0131r hi\u00e7bir zaman. 30 km yol boyunca aral\u0131ks\u0131z olarak cesetlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k hep. Ben yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131ma 58 tane sayd\u0131m. \u00c7o\u011fu zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015fiddetin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bir yerde g\u00fczel bir k\u0131z cesediyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k. Ba\u015f\u0131 kesilmi\u015f ve elinin yan\u0131na konmu\u015ftu. Bir ba\u015fka yerde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir ba\u015fka k\u0131z cesedi daha; 7-8 ya\u015flar\u0131nda, sar\u0131 sa\u00e7l\u0131, yal\u0131nayak, s\u0131rt\u0131nda yaln\u0131z eski bir g\u00f6mlek bulunan bir k\u0131z cesedi\u2026 K\u0131z anla\u015f\u0131lan a\u011flam\u0131\u015f; y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc topra\u011fa g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015f yatm\u0131\u015f. Askerin s\u00fcng\u00fcs\u00fcyle de yere \u00f6ylece m\u0131hlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[xvi]<\/a><\/p>\n

Frunze, yolculu\u011funu bu sat\u0131rlarla noktalar, Aralov da an\u0131lar\u0131nda bu k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapar. Buna ra\u011fmen Sovyet y\u00f6neticileri Bol\u015fevikler maddi ve manevi yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bu yap\u0131lardan esirgemezler.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[i]<\/em><\/a>Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, \u00c7ankaya, Bate\u015f, 1980. S 164<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[ii]<\/em><\/a>Ancak, Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmet Bol\u015feviklere casuslukla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015ftir. 21 Nisan 1922\u2019de Moskova\u2019daki Kemalist b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fin d\u00f6rt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131, iki Rus vatanda\u015f\u0131ndan gizli Sovyet belgeleri almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yakalan\u0131p tutukland\u0131. 10 May\u0131s 1922\u2019de D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri komiserli\u011fi, bu eylemin iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki dostlu\u011fa ihanet sayarak, azmettirici sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Ali Fuat\u2019\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fin d\u00f6rt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ederek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki diplomatik ili\u015fkilerin en az\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici olarak feshedilmesini beklenebilir, ancak b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u2026 11 May\u0131s\u2019ta Sovyet D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri komiser vekili L. Karahan, Sovyet dostlu\u011funa verilen zarardan \u00f6fke duymas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Aralov\u2019a telgraf \u00e7ekerek ittifak\u0131n devam etti\u011fini bildiriyordu. Telgrafta, bir taraftan Sovyet otoritelerinin c\u00f6mertli\u011fini, di\u011fer taraftan da Kemalistlerin nank\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurguluyordu.\u201cBirincisi: Enver\u2019in Buhara\u2019daki konu\u015fmas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarca Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve M. Kemal\u2019e destek olarak say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve Enver\u2019in kendisini Ankara\u2019n\u0131n temsilcisi olarak tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, l\u00fctfen M. Kemal\u2019den Mecliste konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 veya bas\u0131na bir bildiride bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 veya Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Enver\u2019in Buhara\u2019daki faaliyetlerine dair pozisyonunu belirlemek i\u00e7in bir yol bulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyiniz. \u0130kincisi: Kendisine, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik dost\u00e7a tutumumuzun de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini ve Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, T\u00fcrkiye ile dostane ili\u015fkilerimizin, T\u00fcrk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011findeki g\u00f6revlilerin casuslu\u011funa son verdi\u011fimizden dolay\u0131 kesildi\u011fi sonucuna varmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyiniz.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca, Moskova olay\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakmaya her an haz\u0131r\u0131z; fakat T\u00fcrk el\u00e7ilik g\u00f6revlilerine Rusya\u2019da casusluk yapma imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131 veremeyiz. Ali Fuat, 10 May\u0131s\u2019ta Moskova\u2019y\u0131 terk etti. M. Kemal\u2019e, Rusya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, Ali Fuat\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme duyurusunu, Rusya\u2019dan geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle birlikte iletiniz. Ali Fuat da dahil olmak \u00fczere hi\u00e7 kimse, ister bilerek, ister ihmalk\u00e2rl\u0131k sonucu, T\u00fcrkiye ile olan dostlu\u011fumuzu mahvedemez. Hem alt\u0131n, hem de silah olarak sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yard\u0131m dostlu\u011fumuzun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r; dostlu\u011fumuz Ali Fuat\u2019\u0131n ne o bavulu a\u00e7may\u0131 reddetmesi, ne de muhtemel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 reddetmesi ve kendisini \u00fcltimatomlarla s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131yla tehlikeye at\u0131lamaz. Enver\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 bir Sovyet-T\u00fcrk cephesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, T\u00fcrklerle olan dostlu\u011fumuzun ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. L\u00fctfen M. Kemal\u2019e, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l T\u00fcrk ordusu Yunanlar\u0131n ilerleyi\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geri \u00e7ekildi\u011finde ve T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Ankara\u2019y\u0131 bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Enver\u2019in Anadolu\u2019ya girmesine izin vermedi\u011fimizi ve Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 muhtemel bir f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fimizi hat\u0131rlat\u0131n\u0131z. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00f6nemlerde, ger\u00e7ek dostlu\u011fun kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 sunan biz olduk. Ankara sadece iddialarda bulunuyor\u201d, \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420, Moskova (1961), (11.5.1922). Aktaran K. Fotiadis, Pontos Rumlar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Soyk\u0131r\u0131m, Belge Y. 2018,<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[iii]<\/em><\/a>K. Fotiadis, Pontos Rumlar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Soyk\u0131r\u0131m, Belge Y. 2018,<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[iv]<\/em><\/a>Neoklis Sarris, \u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, Atina (1992), s. 38-3. Aktaran K. Fotiadis, Pontos Rumlar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Soyk\u0131r\u0131m, Belge Y. 2018, Fotiadis ekler; N Sarris, bu bilgileri, T\u00fcrkiye Genelkurmay Asker\u00ee Tarih Dairesi yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ve \u00f6zellikle de T\u00fcrk istiklal Harbi 1919-1923, c.\u00a0 2, Ankara (1973) ve c.\u00a0 7, Ankara (1975) kitab\u0131ndan edinmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca bu konuyu i\u015fleyen bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 kaynak da ekleyerek test eder.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[v]<\/em><\/a>Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, \u00c7ankaya, Bate\u015f, 1980. S 264<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[vi]<\/em><\/a>Osman Fikret Topall\u0131 Hat\u0131rat\u0131, M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk ve \u0130stiklal Harbi Tarihinde Giresun, Haz\u0131rlayan Veysel Usta, Serander Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Temmuz 2011. Akt. Tamer \u00c7ilingir, Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi, Belge Y. 2016 s 177-181<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[vii]<\/em><\/a>S. \u0130. Aralov, Bir Sovyet Diplomat\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye An\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7ev. H. Ali Ediz, Bur\u00e7ak Y. 1967. s 59-60<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[viii]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci Lider Frunze\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye An\u0131lar\u0131 Kas\u0131m 1921- Ocak 1922, \u00e7ev. Ahmet Eke\u015f, Cem Y. 1978 s18-19<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[ix]<\/em><\/a>Behi\u00e7 Erkin, Hat\u0131rat, haz. Ali Birinci, TTK, 2011, s 192<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[x]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci lider\u2026. s 107-108<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[xi]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci lider\u2026. s 65<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[xii]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci lider\u2026. s 108<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[xiii]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci lider\u2026. s 108<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[xiv]<\/em><\/a>Frunze, Toplu Eserler, Cilt I, Sahife 274-351. aktaran\u00a0Aralov \u2026 s 60<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[xv]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci lider\u2026. s 107<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[xvi]<\/em><\/a>Ukraynal\u0131 Devrimci Lider\u2026 s 111-112<\/em><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n orjinali Sosyalist Mezopotamya dergisinin Haziran 2018 tarihli 2. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/hyetert.org\/2018\/10\/29\/lenin-yonetimindeki-bolseviklerin-milli-mucadeleye-katkilari-uzerine\/\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu Tuhaf kader cilveleri vard\u0131r. E\u011fer Lenin \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131kmasayd\u0131 ve Rusya zafer g\u00fcn\u00fcne eri\u015fse idi, \u0130stanbul Rus olacakt\u0131. \u0130nsan\u0131n acaba bir \u0130stanbul k\u00f6\u015fesine Lenin\u2019in b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc koysak m\u0131, diyece\u011fi gelir. Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay[i] Okuyucu Falih R\u0131fk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini, abart\u0131l\u0131 bulabilir ama bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ifade edilmesidir.\u00a0 Milli M\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde Sovyet yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, T\u00fcrk-Yunan sava\u015f\u0131nda, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":49259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nLenin Y\u00f6netimindeki Bol\u015feviklerin Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019ye Katk\u0131lar\u0131 \u00dczerine - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=49257\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lenin Y\u00f6netimindeki Bol\u015feviklerin Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019ye Katk\u0131lar\u0131 \u00dczerine - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu Tuhaf kader cilveleri vard\u0131r. E\u011fer Lenin \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131kmasayd\u0131 ve Rusya zafer g\u00fcn\u00fcne eri\u015fse idi, \u0130stanbul Rus olacakt\u0131. \u0130nsan\u0131n acaba bir \u0130stanbul k\u00f6\u015fesine Lenin\u2019in b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc koysak m\u0131, diyece\u011fi gelir. 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