{"id":48045,"date":"2018-08-17T03:52:31","date_gmt":"2018-08-17T08:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=48045"},"modified":"2018-08-17T03:52:31","modified_gmt":"2018-08-17T08:52:31","slug":"turkiyenin-kaybolan-dilleri-tehlike-altindaki-diller-atlasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=48045","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaybolan dilleri! Tehlike Alt\u0131ndaki Diller Atlas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

UNESCO\u2019nun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Tehlike Alt\u0131ndaki Diller Atlas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 11 dil kaybolma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda, \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi de \u00e7oktan \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u201cBir dil ni\u00e7in kaybolur?\u201d sorusunun ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kaybolma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olan dillerin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck; bu dillerin son temsilcileriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

CO\u015eKUNARDA – Y\u00fccel S\u00d6NMEZ Bir r\u00fcya g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, anlatam\u0131yorum… D\u00fcnyada konu\u015fulan dil say\u0131s\u0131 7 bin civar\u0131nda. Dilbilimciler \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 100 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 80\u2019inin kaybolaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Trabzon Ma\u00e7ka\u2019da ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Pontus leh\u00e7esi,\u00a0Artvin Hopa\u2019da konu\u015fulan Ermeni dili Hem\u015fince, \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin\u2019de gen\u00e7lerin neredeyse hi\u00e7 konu\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Lazca ve di\u011ferleri maalesef birka\u00e7 ku\u015fak sonra tamamen kaybolmu\u015f olacak… Bu dillerin tehlikede olmas\u0131n\u0131n ortak sebeplerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lamamas\u0131, yeni ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n i\u015fine yaramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir dili \u00f6\u011frenmek istememesi geliyor. Aileler de s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 toplumsal bask\u0131lar sebebiyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla anadillerinde konu\u015fmaktan vazge\u00e7iyor. Oysa bir dilin kayb\u0131 bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kayba da yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. \u015eiirlerden efsanelere, \u00f6zdeyi\u015flerden f\u0131kralara, \u015fifa re\u00e7etelerinden yemek tariflerine kadar bir\u00e7ok bilgi dille birlikte yok olup gidiyor. Ub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nceki son temsilcisi olan Tevfik Esen\u00e7\u2019in \u015fu c\u00fcmlesi asl\u0131nda her \u015feyi \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cBir r\u00fcya g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ama Ub\u0131h\u00e7a bilen olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in anlatam\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n

ABHAZCA <\/strong><\/p>\n

40 ya\u015f alt\u0131 konu\u015fabilen pek yok Kuzey Kafkas\u00a0dillerinden bir tanesi olan Abhazca da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de art\u0131k \u00e7ok az ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fuluyor. Abhazya\u2019dan gelen \u00f6\u011fretmenler Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ve \u0130stanbul Kafkas Derne\u011fi\u2019nde dersler veriyor. Bu \u00f6\u011fretmenlerden biri de Gunda Ankvab. Gunda Han\u0131m, Abhazya do\u011fumlu ve yedi y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yor. Rus\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e biliyor. Abhazcay\u0131 40 ya\u015f alt\u0131nda konu\u015fabilen neredeyse kimse kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor: \u201c40 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcyse unutmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve okuma yazmalar\u0131 yok. Abhazlar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcrg\u00fcn sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye, Almanya ve Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. \u0130htiya\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 da gittikleri yerlerin bask\u0131n dillerini konu\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131lar. \u015eu anda Abhazca konu\u015fmay\u0131 bilen kim varsa, dil ile birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc de kaybetmemek ad\u0131na \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na anadilini \u00f6\u011fretmeli. Abhazca asl\u0131nda bir do\u011fa dili. Do\u011fadaki sesleri taklit eder, t\u0131pk\u0131 Ub\u0131h\u00e7a gibi. 64 harften olu\u015fuyor. Sesleri Latince yazmak zor oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde bir konu\u015fma k\u0131lavuzu haz\u0131rlad\u0131k. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede kurdu\u011fumuz bir c\u00fcmle Abhazcada bir kelimeyle\u00a0ifade edilebiliyor.\u201d Anadilini unuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in pi\u015fmanl\u0131k ya\u015fayan orta ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7erkesler kurslar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131yor ama yeni ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u00a0ilgisi yok denecek kadar az.<\/p>\n

AD\u0130GECE <\/strong><\/p>\n

Dillerin ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in devlet deste\u011fi \u015fart T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de\u00a0kaybolma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olan \u00c7erkes dilleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in yolumuzu \u0130stanbul Kafkas Derne\u011fi\u2019ne \u00e7evirdik. Dernekte \u00c7erkes dillerini \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyenler i\u00e7in kurslar d\u00fczenleniyor. \u00d6\u011frenciler 30-65 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda. Anadilini unuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in pi\u015fmanl\u0131k ya\u015fayan orta ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00c7erkesler kurslar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131yor ama yeni ku\u015faklar\u0131n ilgisi yok denecek kadar az. Kendi k\u0131z\u0131yla devaml\u0131 Adigece konu\u015fmaya gayret eden Dernek Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. \u00dcmit Din\u00e7er, dillerin kaybolma tehlikesi ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n sebebini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cD\u00fcnyada kaybolma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olan hi\u00e7bir dil, \u00f6rg\u00fcn devlet deste\u011fi g\u00f6rmeden hayatta kalamaz. Benim anadilim Adigece, e\u015fimin de \u00f6yle. Kendi ailelerimizde Adigece konu\u015fulurdu. Ama bizim evimizin do\u011fal dili Adigece de\u011fil maalesef. \u015eimdi d\u00fczeltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u201d S\u00fcryanice d\u00fcnyada 1000 y\u0131l uluslararas\u0131 dil olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ngilizce nas\u0131l \u015fimdi uluslararas\u0131 bir dilse S\u00fcryanice de \u00f6yleydi.<\/p>\n

TUROYO <\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7le da\u011f\u0131lan kadim dil Gabriel Aky\u00fcz,\u00a030 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir bir yandan Mardin\u2019deki K\u0131rklar Kilisesi\u2019nde S\u00fcryani cemaatine hizmet veriyor, di\u011fer yandan konu\u015fan\u0131 giderek azalan dili S\u00fcryaniceyi ve onun halk aras\u0131nda konu\u015fulan Turoyocay\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara \u00f6\u011freterek ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Son y\u0131llarda dilin ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in Artuklu \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde bir k\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir okulun hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gibi \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek umutlu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cS\u00fcryanice binlerce y\u0131l geriye giden tarihiyle Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n en kadim dillerinden. S\u00fcryanice d\u00fcnyada 1000 y\u0131l uluslararas\u0131 dil olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ngilizce nas\u0131l \u015fimdi uluslararas\u0131 bir dilse S\u00fcryanice de \u00f6yleydi. Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131yla durum de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. O tarihten bu yana ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle kala kala Mardin civar\u0131nda 5 bin civar\u0131nda S\u00fcryani kald\u0131. Onlar\u0131n da y\u00fczde 95\u2019i dillerini konu\u015fabiliyor. 28 harf var. Ancak dili do\u011fru konu\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in alfabeye ek olarak \u2018herekeler\u2019i de bilmek gerek.\u201d Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan S\u00fcryanilerde de son y\u0131llarda anadile ve k\u00fclt\u00fcre olan ilginin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat\u00a0 \u00e7eken Aky\u00fcz, yine de gelecek nesil i\u00e7in dil konusunda bir\u00a0 korkunun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

HEM\u015e\u0130NCE <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeniler\u00a0gitmi\u015f,\u00a0dilleri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Artvin Hopa\u2019n\u0131n Kemalpa\u015fa il\u00e7esinde o\u011flu ve geliniyle ya\u015f\u0131yor Ay\u015fe Alg\u00fcr. Di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f. Kendisi do\u011fma b\u00fcy\u00fcme Artvinli. Anadili Hem\u015fince: \u201cBen do\u011fdu\u011fumda burada Ermeni yoktu. Kendileri gitmi\u015fti ama dilleri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131m Hem\u015fince duydum, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcm T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frendim\u201d diyor. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Kemalpa\u015fa il\u00e7esi ve \u00e7evrelerindeki k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fl\u0131lar Hem\u015fince konu\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7ocuklarla, torunlarla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fuluyor. Ya\u015fl\u0131lar hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybettik\u00e7e de Hem\u015fince konu\u015fan Hem\u015finlilerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn azal\u0131yor. Hem\u015fincenin alfabesini bilmedi\u011fini, bu dilde yazamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fdu\u011fundan beri hi\u00e7 Hem\u015fince bir kitap g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor Ay\u015fe Han\u0131m. Sadece dilin kaybolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dille birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerdeki hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini anlat\u0131yor: \u201cBiz burada inek sa\u011fard\u0131k, s\u00fct satard\u0131k, peynir yapard\u0131k. \u015eimdi neredeyse tek gelir kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ay. Bu civarda Lazca konu\u015fanlar da var ama Hem\u015fince ne Lazca\u2019ya ne de T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye benzer. Ben bile art\u0131k baz\u0131 kelimeleri unuttum, konu\u015furken araya T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorum. Ke\u015fke dilimizi koruyabilseydik.\u201d\u00a0 Ay\u015fe Alg\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn kom\u015fusu G\u00fcnay \u015eeremet de Hem\u015finceyi \u00e7ok iyi olmasa da konu\u015fabilen orta ku\u015fak Hem\u015finlilerden. 5 ve 7 ya\u015flar\u0131nda iki erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu var. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 Hem\u015fince anl\u0131yor ama konu\u015fam\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem ev i\u00e7inde hem de mahallede bask\u0131n dil T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. G\u00fcnay \u015eeremet elinden geldi\u011fince \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na Hem\u015fince \u00f6\u011fretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da okuldaki e\u011fitim dili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in okula gitmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca unuttuklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

ROMANES <\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosyal d\u0131\u015flanma sebebiyle dillerini unuttular T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de\u00a0az ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan dillerden biri de Romanes. Daha \u00e7ok Edirne taraf\u0131ndaki ya\u015fl\u0131 Romanlar\u2019\u0131n kendi aras\u0131nda konu\u015ftu\u011fu bu dilin \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in Meri\u00e7 Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Sezgin Kaplan ile bulu\u015ftuk. Sezgin Bey anadili olan Romanesi babaannesinden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f. Ama e\u015fi Romanes bilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, evlenince evde konu\u015fulan bask\u0131n dil T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olmu\u015f. Sezgin Bey\u2019e g\u00f6re Romanesin tehlike alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinden biri de \u00fcst kimli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnme \u00e7abas\u0131. Sosyal d\u0131\u015flanma sebebiyle, Romanlar\u2019\u0131n \u201cBiz de sizdeniz\u201d demek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgedeki bask\u0131n dili sahiplenmelerine ve kendi dillerini konu\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f. \u201cRomanesi \u00f6\u011frenmek ger\u00e7ekten zordur\u201d diyor Kaplan: \u201cSeste\u015f kelimeler \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. Olay\u0131n geli\u015fme zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re, olay i\u00e7erisindeki duruma g\u00f6re baz\u0131 terimler farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebiliyor. \u00d6\u011frenebilmek i\u00e7in Roman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak gerek. T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de Romanes\u2019ten ge\u00e7en kelimeler var. Romanes dilinde dik kelimesi bak anlam\u0131na gelir. Dikiz kelimesi T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Romanes argosundan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Romanes de ka\u00e7 anlam\u0131na gel na\u015f kelimesi de Romanesten T\u00fcrk\u00e7e argosuna ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n

PONTUS LEH\u00c7ES\u0130 – ROMEY\u0130KA – RUMCA <\/strong><\/p>\n

Rumlar gitti ama dilleri kald\u0131 Azime Sara\u00e7,\u00a0anne ve babas\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f Pontus leh\u00e7esi Rumcay\u0131… Trabzon Ma\u00e7ka\u2019n\u0131n Ku\u015f\u00e7u K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu k\u00f6yde y\u0131llar \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan Rumlar evlerini terk etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f olsa da dilleri k\u00f6y\u00fcn ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan h\u00e2I\u00e2 konu\u015fuluyor. Azime Han\u0131m, \u201cEvde hem T\u00fcrk\u00e7e hem Rumca konu\u015furduk. Evlendi\u011fimde e\u015fim Rumca bilmiyordu, o y\u00fczden ev dilimiz T\u00fcrk\u00e7e oldu ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m da \u00f6\u011frenemedi. Baz\u0131 kelimeleri hat\u0131rlamakta da zorlan\u0131yorum zaten. Annemin ve babam\u0131n Rum kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z hakk\u0131nda anlatt\u0131klar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcm. Rumlar buradan \u00e7ok a\u011flayarak gitmi\u015fler. Onlar gitti ama k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri bize kald\u0131\u201d diyor. Azime Sara\u00e7\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Suzan Gen\u00e7 kent merkezinde, Trabzon\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor. Anadilini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba sarf ediyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131yor, s\u00fcrekli annesine bilmedi\u011fi kelimeleri soruyor ama dilinin bir ku\u015fak sonra kaybolaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fini \u00fcz\u00fclerek s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

LAZCA <\/strong><\/p>\n

Binlerce y\u0131lda olu\u015fan sistem yok oluyor UNESCO\u2019nun raporuna g\u00f6re tehlikede olan diller aras\u0131nda bizi en \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan Lazca oldu. Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yo\u011funlukla konu\u015fuldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz dil, Artvin\u2019in Hopa, Arhavi, Bor\u00e7ka il\u00e7eleri ve Rize\u2019nin F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131, Arde\u015fen, Pazar ve \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin il\u00e7elerinde ya\u015fayan orta ya\u015f ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fuluyor. Mesela Dikkaya K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde neredeyse herkes Lazca konu\u015fuyor ama ortama gen\u00e7ler ve \u00e7ocuklar dahil olunca dil, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. 85 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki tulum sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Cemil Day\u0131 da Lazcay\u0131 bilen eski topraklardan. \u201cLazca okumam yazmam yok, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi okulda \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftim. \u00c7ocukken polisler Lazca konu\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 yasaklard\u0131, evin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rahat rahat konu\u015famazd\u0131k. \u015eimdi \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, sonra Lazca \u00f6\u011freniyor, bir\u00e7o\u011fu da \u00f6\u011frenmiyor\u201d diyor. Artvin Hopa\u2019da ya\u015fayan Nezaket \u00c7ivili de Lazca konu\u015furken kendisini daha iyi ifade etti\u011fini, Lazcada 10 dakikada anlataca\u011f\u0131 bir olay\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede yar\u0131m saatte anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Torunlar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Nezaket Han\u0131m, \u201cG\u00fcrcistan Lazcaya bizden daha \u00e7ok sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor\u201d diyor. \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczdeyse Laz Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve dil ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 \u0130smail Bucaki\u015fli\u2019yle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Lazca ders veren Bucaki\u015fli, dillerin kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebini ve dil kayboldu\u011funda neler oldu\u011funu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cDil dedi\u011finiz \u015fey, bir halk\u0131n tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde, dam\u0131tarak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir sistemdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn, ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin, o co\u011frafyadaki de\u011ferlerin ifade bi\u00e7imi. Dil geriledi\u011fi zaman, o k\u00fclt\u00fcrle ilgili terminoloji de kayboluyor. Dilin bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 felsefe ve sistematik yok oluyor. Yani binlerce y\u0131lda olu\u015fmu\u015f bir sistem yok oluyor asl\u0131nda.\u201d<\/p>\n

UBIH\u00c7A <\/strong><\/p>\n

Son konu\u015fan 26 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fc \u201cBir r\u00fcya g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, anlatsam da anlamazs\u0131n\u0131z\u201d\u00a0demi\u015f Ub\u0131h dilinin son konu\u015fan\u0131: 1992\u2019de, 84 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Tevfik Esen\u00e7. Kafkas dil ailesine ba\u011fl\u0131 Ub\u0131h\u00e7a, bu dili konu\u015fan son ki\u015fi olan Tevfik Esen\u00e7\u2019in 1992\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok oldu. B\u00f6ylelikle 82 sessiz, \u00fc\u00e7 sesli harfin bir araya gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu 4 binin \u00fczerinde kelime de yok oldu. Yok olan sadece bir dil mi? Kad\u0131n\u0131, \u2018sabah y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlayan ve bir kad\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, kahvede oturan ya\u015fl\u0131-gen\u00e7 herkesin aya\u011fa kalkarak selamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn hayat\u0131m\u0131za katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 renkler de yok olup gitti. Biz art\u0131k o dilin bir bitkiden \u00fcretilen \u015fifas\u0131ndan da, \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n notas\u0131ndan da \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131z. Uza\u011f\u0131z ancak yine de bir umut yok de\u011fil. Tevfik Esen\u00e7\u2019in torunu Burak Esen\u00e7, anadilinin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda. Ub\u0131h\u00e7an\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131yla farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan bir pencerenin kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u015eu s\u0131ralar i\u011fneyle kuyu kazarak, dedesinin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Frans\u0131zca s\u00f6zl\u00fckten, babas\u0131ndan alabildi\u011fi kelimelerden, d\u00fcnyada bu konuyla\u00a0ilgili yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan anadilini \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

GAGAVUZCA <\/strong><\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 harf d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e! Valentina Han\u0131m\u2019a g\u00f6re Gagavuzca, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nden daha duygusal… Gagavuzca\u00a0asl\u0131nda Gagavuzya\u2019da anadil olarak konu\u015fulan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u2018\u00f6zt\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019 olarak kabul edilen ve Edirne civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu bir dil. 1994\u2019e kadar Kril alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lan Gagavuzca, o y\u0131ldan sonra tamamen Latin alfabesine \u00e7evrildi. \u015eu an dilin alfabesi birka\u00e7 harf d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk alfabesiyle ayn\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Gagavuzya\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00fcniversite okumak i\u00e7in gelen ve sonras\u0131nda evlenip T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yerle\u015fen bir\u00e7ok insan var. Bunlardan biri de Valentina Uzun. \u0130ki \u00e7ocuk annesi olan uzun, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla hem Rus\u00e7a, hem T\u00fcrk\u00e7e hem de Gagavuzca konu\u015ftu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Gagavuzya\u2019ya gittiklerinde Gagavuzca konu\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi konu\u015fmaya devam ediyor. Valentina Han\u0131m\u2019a g\u00f6re Gagavuzca, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile \u00e7ok benzese de daha derin ve duygusal. Kelimeler farkl\u0131 anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede biz yak\u0131n arkada\u015fa \u2018dost\u2019 derken, onlar en yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda her zaman ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131,\u00a0aile gibi sevdikleri insanlara \u2018kom\u015fu\u2019 diyor. Anadilini \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na da \u00f6\u011fretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Uzun, bir yandan da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yemekler ve \u015fifa \u00e7aylar\u0131yla k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bu topraklarda ya\u015fatmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

LAD\u0130NO (Yahudi \u0130spanyolcas\u0131) <\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6t\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimizden utand\u0131k Ladino\u00a0(Yahudi \u0130spanyolcas\u0131) ya da bir di\u011fer ad\u0131yla \u2018Judeo Espanyol\u2019… Sefarad Yahudilerinin 1492\u2019de \u0130spanya\u2019dan kovulduktan sonra Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ve Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken yanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fckleri dil. Temeli asl\u0131nda 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130spanyolcas\u0131. Judeo Espanyol bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de aktif olarak 5-6 bin ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fuluyor. \u015ealom gazetesinin bir sayfas\u0131 Ladino dilinde haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor ve yine \u015ealom gazetesinde haz\u0131rlanan, tamam\u0131 Ladino dilinde yay\u0131mlanan \u2018El Amaneser\u2019 adl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir gazete bulunuyor. Gazetenin d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda Ladino bilen okurlar\u0131 var. Biz de tehlike alt\u0131nda olan Ladino dilini konu\u015fan ki\u015filerle bulu\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u015ealom gazetesinin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131yoruz. Bizi Henri \u00c7iprut, Dora Traves, Eti Saul, Forti Barokas, Anna Eskinazi ve \u0130da Pardo kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7lerinde dili \u00f6\u011frenemedi\u011fi ve \u00f6\u011fretemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in en \u00fczg\u00fcn olan Forti Borakas. Bir zamanlar annesi, babas\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara g\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatan Forti Han\u0131m, bug\u00fcn anadilini \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok pi\u015fman. Ge\u00e7 de olsa hatadan d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in anadilini yeniden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Dilin yap\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Henri \u00c7iprut, yeni neslin bu dili konu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ladino\u2019nun \u00f6lmek \u00fczere oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cYine de \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyenler i\u00e7in YouTube\u2019da Karen \u015earhon taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcklenen e\u011fitim videolar\u0131 var\u201d diyor. Listeden konu\u015fabilen birine ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tek dil Hertevince oldu. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bilgilere g\u00f6re Siirt\u2019te konu\u015fulan bu dilin 5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce son iki konu\u015fan\u0131 vard\u0131, biri vefat etti di\u011feri de Adana\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: H\u00fcrriyet
\nhttps:\/\/www.haber46.com.tr\/kultur-sanat\/turkiyenin-kaybolan-dilleri-tehlike-altindaki-diller-atlasi-h348410.html\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UNESCO\u2019nun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Tehlike Alt\u0131ndaki Diller Atlas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 11 dil kaybolma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda, \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi de \u00e7oktan \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u201cBir dil ni\u00e7in kaybolur?\u201d sorusunun ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kaybolma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda olan dillerin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck; bu dillerin son temsilcileriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. CO\u015eKUNARDA – Y\u00fccel S\u00d6NMEZ Bir r\u00fcya g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, anlatam\u0131yorum… D\u00fcnyada konu\u015fulan dil say\u0131s\u0131 7 bin civar\u0131nda. Dilbilimciler \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 100 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":48047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,1,64,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dil","category-haberler","category-hemsin-ve-hemsinliler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaybolan dilleri! Tehlike Alt\u0131ndaki Diller Atlas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=48045\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaybolan dilleri! 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