{"id":47206,"date":"2018-07-02T04:13:04","date_gmt":"2018-07-02T09:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=47206"},"modified":"2018-07-02T04:13:04","modified_gmt":"2018-07-02T09:13:04","slug":"surgunden-soykirima-hak-mucadelesinde-bir-kadin-mari-beyleryan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=47206","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcrg\u00fcnden soyk\u0131r\u0131ma hak m\u00fccadelesinde bir kad\u0131n: Mari Beyleryan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

HABER MERKEZ\u0130 \u2013 Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta kavgaya giren bir kad\u0131n ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mda son bulan ya\u015fam\u0131. Tarihten Kad\u0131n Portreleri\u2019nde bu hafta gazeteci ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu Mari Beyleryan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131sa ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc var. Sosyalizm ve kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi ile ba\u015flayan yolculu\u011funa s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde devam etmek zorunda kalan Mari, k\u0131z karde\u015flerine arma\u011fan etti\u011fi dergi Ardemis ve ilmek ilmek \u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadelesiyle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda hala.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mari Beyleryan, 1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un Be\u015fikta\u015f semtinde d\u00fcnyaya gelir. \u00a0\u0130lkokulu o d\u00f6nem faaliyet g\u00f6steren Naregyan Okulu\u2019nda okudu\u011fu tahmin edilir.<\/p>\n

Gazeteci, yazar, \u015fair, \u00f6\u011fretmen ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu aktivist Mari, e\u011fitimine Pera Sanat Okulu\u2019nda devam eder. Bu d\u00f6nem bir yandan da Kalipso takma ad\u0131yla Arevelk (Do\u011fu) gazetesinde yazmaya ba\u015flar. Mari yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda genellikle gen\u00e7 Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na dair konular\u0131 i\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Mari \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131nda, \u00f6\u011fretmeni Karekin Srvantsdyants\u2019\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7eker. Srvantsdyants, Mari\u2019ye\u00a0 Ermeni okullar\u0131nda dersler vermesini ister. Bunun \u00fczerine Mari; Ermenice, din, Ermeni Tarihi gibi konularda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapar.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kurulan Sosyal Demokrat H\u0131n\u00e7ak Partisi, pek \u00e7ok Ermeni gibi Mari\u2019nin de ilgisini \u00e7eker. \u0130lk kuruldu\u011funda amac\u0131 Ermeni toplumunda sosyalizmi benimsetmek olan parti, \u00f6ncelikli olarak sosyalizmin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda kabul edilmesini hedefliyordu. Mari\u2019nin partiye \u00fcye olma talebi, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle geri \u00e7evrilir. Yine de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam eden Mari, partinin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 H\u0131n\u00e7ak\u2019ta muhabir olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Mari d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini okuldaki \u00f6\u011frencileriyle de payla\u015f\u0131p, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesiyle de ilgilenen Mari, Esayan Lisesi\u2019nin daimi \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden biri olur. Okuldaki di\u011fer kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenlerle birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapar ve \u0130stanbul ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Anadolu\u2019nun pek \u00e7ok kentinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bir araya getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mari, parti taraf\u0131ndan 15 Temmuz 1890 tarihinde Ald\u00fclhamit diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ilk gayrim\u00fcslim \u2018n\u00fcmayi\u015f\u2019 olan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc muhabir olarak takip eder.<\/p>\n

Bu eylemden birka\u00e7 sene sonra 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mari, Bab\u0131 Ali g\u00f6sterisinin \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicilerinden biri olur. Bu eylemin amac\u0131; Anadolu Ermenilerinin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fc Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na duyurmak ve Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in 1885 reformlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koymas\u0131 i\u00e7in kamuoyu olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Kad\u0131nlar Hep vard\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131nda Kyu\u015f \u00c7al\u0131kman Gavrilof eylemin \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cBab\u0131 Ali N\u00fcmayi\u015fi i\u00e7in kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine giri\u015fen Mari\u2019ye, Mu\u015f dini lideri Peder Nerses Karahanyan 40\u2019a yak\u0131n kad\u0131n g\u00f6nderir. Bu kad\u0131nlarla birlikte 18 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131 Patrikhane Kilisesi\u2019nde haz\u0131r bulunan Mari Beyleryan, ayini y\u00f6neten patrik \u0130zmirliyan\u2019\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta yakalayarak, \u201cDurun! Sizinle konu\u015facaklar\u0131m\u0131z var\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecanla gerek ba\u015fkentte gerekse ta\u015frada Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefaleti, bask\u0131c\u0131 rejim y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ya\u015fan\u0131lan zulm\u00fc anlatmaya koyulur. Mari\u2019nin patrikten istedi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmete ba\u015fvurup, reformlar\u0131n kesin ve nihai olarak uygulanmaya konmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmesidir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir solukta patri\u011fe taleplerini s\u0131ralayan Mari, sonras\u0131nda bu zulm\u00fcn ortadan kalkmamas\u0131 durumunda gerekirse nas\u0131l \u00f6leceklerini bildiklerini de belirtip ekler: \u201cHalk ya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ya \u00f6l\u00fcm talep ediyor Patrik hazretleri.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu konu\u015fman\u0131n sonras\u0131nda ba\u015fta Mu\u015flu kad\u0131nlar olmak \u00fczere bask\u0131n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131n\u0131 savunan kad\u0131nlar, Bab\u0131 Ali\u2019ye do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flar. Say\u0131l\u0131 bir kitleyle ba\u015flayan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yol boyunca artarak mar\u015flar e\u015fli\u011finde devam eder ve kad\u0131nlar saraya y\u00f6nelir.<\/p>\n

Bu, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n taleplerini hayk\u0131rmak istedi\u011fi eylem, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin talimat verdi\u011fi polislerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla kanl\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cYa \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d talebiyle Bab-\u0131 Ali N\u00fcmayi\u015fi\u2019ni d\u00fczenleyen Mari art\u0131k sadece H\u0131n\u00e7ak Partisi\u2019nin saflar\u0131nda yer alan bir aktivist, gazeteci ve yazar olarak kalmakla yetinmez.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet her yerde eylemin d\u00fczenleyicisi Mari\u2019yi aramaya ba\u015flar. Ve b\u00f6ylelikle art\u0131k Mari i\u00e7in saklanarak ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 bir hayat ba\u015flar. \u00d6yle ki Mari s\u0131k s\u0131k evini de\u011fi\u015ftirir, hatta okuldaki derslere k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirerek gitmek zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm ferman\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir g\u00fcn kendisini tutuklamaya gelen zabitler evini ku\u015fat\u0131r. Bu ku\u015fatmadan \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ba\u015faran Mari i\u00e7in art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015famak neredeyse imkans\u0131z hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ve Mari 1896 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcz\u00fcnde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a gider. Gitti\u011fi vakitlerde \u0130stanbul\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet kendisi i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm ferman\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130skenderiye\u2019de yeni bir hayata ba\u015flayan Mari, burada da yazarl\u0131k ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6\u011fretmenlik i\u00e7in K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a gider ancak burada fazla kalmaz ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

Kahire\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nan Mari bir yandan \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yaparken di\u011fer yandan da Ermeni bas\u0131n\u0131nda yazmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Mari, Kahire\u2019de kendisi gibi H\u0131n\u00e7ak Parti y\u00f6neticisi Avo (Avedis) Nak\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131yan ile evlenir. Ancak hayat\u0131 boyunca soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez, kendisininkini kullanmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n

Bas\u0131nla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan Mari y\u0131llard\u0131r hayalini kurdu\u011fu projeyi hayata ge\u00e7irerek, Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sesi olacak, kad\u0131nlara \u00f6zg\u00fc bir dergi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r: \u2018Ardemis\u2019<\/p>\n

Mari, 1902 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda ayl\u0131k olarak yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flayan \u2018Ardemis\u2019in \u00f6\u011frencili\u011finden bu yana hayalini kurdu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Mari bu dergi sayesinde Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131 ve talepleri oldu\u011funu, ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm siyasal ve toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 alg\u0131layabilecek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel yetiye sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebileceklerini savunur.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fclmek istenmeyen kad\u0131nlara \u0131\u015f\u0131k: Ardemis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Derginin ilk say\u0131s\u0131ndaki sunu\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Mari, Ardemis\u2019i k\u0131z karde\u015flerine hediye etti\u011fini ifade edip ekler:<\/p>\n

\u201cBu dergiyi sevsin, ona g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn nuru gibi baks\u0131n ve maddi, manevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerini benimkilere kat\u0131p her t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131naya kar\u015f\u0131 durabilen temeller \u00fczerinde uzun ve bir gelece\u011fe sahip olsun diye.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Mari dergide \u015fimdiye dek feminist ve kad\u0131n \u00e7evrelerinde fazla dillendirilmeyen \u00f6nemli bir konunun da alt\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izer. Bu dergide ba\u015fkent haricinde ya\u015fayan ta\u015fral\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na e\u011filece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Mari dedi\u011fini yaparak derginin yay\u0131n hayat\u0131 boyunca \u00e7o\u011funlukla kendi ad\u0131yla kimi zaman da \u2018Sone\u2019 mahlas\u0131yla kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131larla g\u00f6r\u00fclmek istenmeyen kad\u0131nlara \u0131\u015f\u0131k olur.<\/p>\n

Dergi Mari\u2019nin do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na giremese de Avrupa\u2019da dikkat \u00e7eker. \u00a0ABD\u2019li kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu Alice Stone Blackwell de d\u00fczenli yaz\u0131lar\u0131yla yer al\u0131r dergide.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca dergi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok noktas\u0131ndan k\u0131z karde\u015flerin dertle\u015fti\u011fi bir \u00e7at\u0131 haline gelir. Tiflis\u2019ten Paris\u2019e dek pek \u00e7ok kad\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar\u0131, sorunlar\u0131 yazd\u0131klar\u0131 mektuplarla birbirleriyle payla\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131p dertle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Mari\u2019nin vurgu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer bir konuda kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etmesi olur. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde bunu \u015fiddetle reddeden Mari, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n babalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u2018y\u00fck\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

\u2018Ardemis\u2019 ya\u015fanan ekonomik sorunlardan kaynakl\u0131 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda 20 say\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra kapan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mari, 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019da esen \u2018\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u2019 etkisiyle \u00fclkeye geri d\u00f6ner. Amac\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ta\u015fraya ge\u00e7ip buradaki k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmakt\u0131r. Ancak ta\u015fraya ge\u00e7emeden \u0130zmir\u2019den bir okuldan teklif al\u0131r ve 4 y\u0131l kentteki Hripsimyant Okulu\u2019nda m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck yapar.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131llarda yine bas\u0131ndan kopmayan Mari, Ta\u015fink adl\u0131 bir gazetede yazar ve ilk (ve tek) \u015fiir kitab\u0131 \u2018Tebi Ver\u2019i (Yukar\u0131ya Do\u011fru) yay\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

Ve Mari\u2019nin ta\u015fraya gitme hayali 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yozgat\u2019taki bir okuldan teklif almas\u0131yla hayat bulur.<\/p>\n

Ancak k\u0131z karde\u015flerine ve \u00e7ocuklara kavu\u015fma hayali ger\u00e7ek olan Mari 2 y\u0131l sonra 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019nda katledilir. Mari\u2019nin tam olarak nerede \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise bug\u00fcn hala bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yazma konusunda bir hayli cimri davranan tarihin ad\u0131n\u0131 zikretmedi\u011fi kad\u0131nlardan biri olur Mari.<\/p>\n

Lakin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilericili\u011fi ve en \u00f6nemlisi k\u0131z karde\u015flik ad\u0131na kurdu\u011fu hayallerden asla vazge\u00e7memesiyle Mari\u2019nin payla\u015fma azmi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerindeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fckseltti\u011fi m\u00fccadelede var oluyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:\u00a0Kad\u0131nlar Hep Vard\u0131 \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye Solundan Kad\u0131n Portreleri\u2019nden (Haz\u0131rlayan: Feryal Sayg\u0131l\u0131gil) \u2018Mari Beyleryan: Ve Hakl\u0131yd\u0131, Tarih Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Pek Sevmez\u2019 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlayan: Kayu\u015f \u00c7al\u0131kman Gavrilof<\/p>\n

http:\/\/gazetekarinca.com\/2018\/07\/surgunden-soykirima-hak-mucadelesinde-bir-kadin-mari-beyleryan\/<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HABER MERKEZ\u0130 \u2013 Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta kavgaya giren bir kad\u0131n ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mda son bulan ya\u015fam\u0131. Tarihten Kad\u0131n Portreleri\u2019nde bu hafta gazeteci ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu Mari Beyleryan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131sa ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc var. Sosyalizm ve kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi ile ba\u015flayan yolculu\u011funa s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde devam etmek zorunda kalan Mari, k\u0131z karde\u015flerine arma\u011fan etti\u011fi dergi Ardemis ve ilmek ilmek \u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadelesiyle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":47208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00fcrg\u00fcnden soyk\u0131r\u0131ma hak m\u00fccadelesinde bir kad\u0131n: Mari Beyleryan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=47206\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00fcrg\u00fcnden soyk\u0131r\u0131ma hak m\u00fccadelesinde bir kad\u0131n: Mari Beyleryan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"HABER MERKEZ\u0130 \u2013 Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta kavgaya giren bir kad\u0131n ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mda son bulan ya\u015fam\u0131. Tarihten Kad\u0131n Portreleri\u2019nde bu hafta gazeteci ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu Mari Beyleryan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131sa ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc var. 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