{"id":46062,"date":"2018-04-23T07:22:02","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T12:22:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=46062"},"modified":"2018-04-23T07:22:02","modified_gmt":"2018-04-23T12:22:02","slug":"son-100-yillik-turkiye-tarihi-1915i-hesaba-katmadan-analiz-edilemez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=46062","title":{"rendered":"Son 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye tarihi 1915\u2019i hesaba katmadan analiz edilemez"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Yetvart Danzikyan<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

7 \u015eubat 2017\u2019de 686 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal KHK\u2019s\u0131 ile mesle\u011finden ihra\u00e7 edilen akademisyen Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu y\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa hem de 1915\u2019in \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda olup bitenlere dair yeni bir perspektif sunuyor. Kitab\u0131 vesilesiyle Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son 100 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni konu\u015ftuk.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

-1915\u2019in \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu ve o yara Ermeniler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hala a\u00e7\u0131k, yak\u0131n zamanda kapanacak gibi de g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00d6nemli bir kitap yazd\u0131n\u0131z, \u00fczerine konu\u015fulacak \u00e7ok \u015fey var ama 1915 ile ilgili tespitlerinizle ba\u015flamak istiyorum. Genel olarak bu konu \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u0130ttihat Terakki rejiminin devlette ve toplumda harekete ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir dinamikten bahsederiz ve toplumu \u00e7ok da i\u015fin akt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rmeyiz. Daha do\u011frusu bu konu \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n as\u0131l odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan rejim oldu genellikle. Ancak siz \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201dnin tarifini yapt\u0131ktan sonra bu katliamda yerel e\u015fraf gruplar\u0131n\u0131n da \u2013yanl\u0131\u015f bir tabir kullan\u0131yorsam d\u00fczeltin- \u0130ttihat Terakki rejimini bir par\u00e7a \u2018motive edici\u2019 bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz. Daha do\u011frusu otoban biraz \u00e7ift tarafl\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015f gibi. Sizi b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk eden nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1915\u2019in bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011funu kabul edenlerde genel olarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel e\u011filim var: K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler as\u0131l olarak yukar\u0131dan, yani devleti y\u00f6netenlerden veya devlete h\u00e2kim olan egemen s\u0131n\u0131flardan gelir. Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye tarihine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu yukar\u0131dakiler \u201c\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 zihniyet\u201d ya da egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman burjuvazi olarak beliriyor. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u0131n\u0131flar ise k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere ya zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ya da k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda tabiri caizse kand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devlet ve millet aras\u0131nda bu t\u00fcrden bir ikili kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1915\u2019i anlamay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, 1915\u2019den bug\u00fcne kadar olan tarihi anlamam\u0131z\u0131 da zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi b\u0131rak\u0131p bug\u00fcne gelirsek, sadece son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fananlar bile, despotik-tek\u00e7i merkeze kar\u015f\u0131 demokratik-\u00e7o\u011fulcu periferi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ne kadar yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, b\u00fct\u00fcn bask\u0131lar\u0131n Kemalizme referansla a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devlet\/millet ve merkez\/ta\u015fra gibi ikiliklerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fimiz ve bilinen olaylar\u0131 yeni bir g\u00f6zle g\u00f6rmemizi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131labilecek bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.
\nSorunuza d\u00f6nersem, 1912-1922 aras\u0131ndaki aral\u0131ks\u0131z sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019nun yerli ve Balkanlardan\/Kafkaslardan gelmi\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7men M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n (diyelim T\u00fcrkler, K\u00fcrtler, \u00c7erkesler, Bo\u015fnaklar vb.), yabanc\u0131 ve yerli H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 1820\u2019lerden sonra tarihsel ve tedrici olarak olu\u015fmu\u015f nefret, haset, h\u0131n\u00e7 gibi duygularla, ayr\u0131ca her \u015feylerini kaybedebilecekleri korkusuyla ve bunun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, benim \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019 dedi\u011fim, fiili ama zaman zaman yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller de alan yatay bir mutabakat etraf\u0131nda anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu mutabakat devlet ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar aras\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman merkez ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ta\u015fra aras\u0131nda ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 b\u00f6len \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu duygu ve \u00e7\u0131kar ortakl\u0131klar\u0131, sava\u015f ortam\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve kolektif bir \u015fiddet e\u011filimi do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1915\u2019e de bu g\u00f6zle bak\u0131yorum. Tehcir karar\u0131n\u0131 merkez ve yukar\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olabilir, ama bu karar ta\u015fran\u0131n ve orta\/alt s\u0131n\u0131f M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n duygular\u0131yla ve beklentileriyle de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir su\u00e7a, yani soyk\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu herkesin su\u00e7a do\u011frudan kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, farkl\u0131 toplumsal katmanlardan \u00f6nemli bir kat\u0131l\u0131m oldu\u011funa ve en az\u0131ndan su\u00e7a verilen \u00f6rt\u00fck ama b\u00fcy\u00fck bir onay oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Ermenilere yap\u0131lanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck olarak g\u00f6ren ve bu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7ine sindiremeyip buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan insanlar oldu\u011funu, ama bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da biliyoruz. Su\u00e7 \u00e7o\u011funlukla k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunu hak ettikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc ve b\u00f6yle hissedildi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7, su\u00e7 olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi.<\/p>\n

-Devletin 100 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc inkar\u0131n toplumda bu kadar kolay kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00f6yle mi anlamland\u0131rmak laz\u0131m?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Devletin merkezden ve yukar\u0131ndan organize edilen inkar politikalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemek i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylemiyorum ama orta ve alt katmanlar\u0131n ve ayr\u0131ca ta\u015fran\u0131n inkar e\u011filimlerini de g\u00f6rmek gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Ayr\u0131ca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni sadece 1915 ba\u011flam\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek laz\u0131m. Ortak duygularla ortak bir irade g\u00f6sterebilme anlam\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman milleti ve sadece bu milletin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetecek M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devleti, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi etraf\u0131nda e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin metafor olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p belli bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe de tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi 1918-1922 aras\u0131na bakmak bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli. 1918 sonras\u0131 bir devletsizlik d\u00f6nemidir, yani M\u00fcsl\u00fcman milleti koruyup kollayacak bir devletin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam tersine M\u00fcsl\u00fcman milleti cezaland\u0131rabilecek ba\u015fka devletlerin kurulma ihtimalinin oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemdi. B\u00f6yle bir zamanda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kendi aralar\u0131nda, yine belli duygu ve \u00e7\u0131kar ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fczakerelerle, yerel ve milli kongrelerle, millet meclisiyle, 1921 Anayasas\u0131\u2019yla vs. birle\u015fmi\u015fler ve kendilerini koruyabilecek bir yeni M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devleti kurabilmi\u015flerdir.
\n\u00d6zetle, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman milleti ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devleti e\u015f zamanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcrecin par\u00e7alar\u0131 olarak olu\u015ftu. Bunlar\u0131n kurgusal ve ideolojik yap\u0131lar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u0131karlara ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc duygulara dayanarak olu\u015ftu\u011funu anlamak, sadece 1915\u2019i anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, 1915 sonras\u0131ndaki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye tarihini \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlar\u0131yla anlayabilmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bence.
\nTocqueville Amerika\u2019da Demokrasi kitab\u0131nda, mealen, bir ulusun karakterini ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini anlamak i\u00e7in do\u011fu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131, uzun bir insan \u00f6mr\u00fc say\u0131labilecek 100 y\u0131l gibi k\u0131sa bir tarihi olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman milletini anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor bana. Tabii bunu sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa bakarak g\u00f6remeyiz. Yatay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sayesinde olu\u015fmu\u015f yeni devlet, 1923\u2019ten sonra, bu defa dikey bir \u015fekilde yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni daralt\u0131p T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmi\u015f, yani T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, bu \u00fclkede g\u00fcvenli ve imtiyazl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ya\u015famak i\u00e7in art\u0131k sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olman\u0131n yetmeyece\u011fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk olmak veya T\u00fcrkle\u015fmek gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyordu. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeye direnen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gruplar\u0131n, yani K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk milletinin olu\u015fumu, yatay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k ve dikey T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin tarihsel bir sentezi \u00fczerinden daha iyi analiz edilebilir.<\/p>\n

-Ermenilerin mallar\u0131na el konmas\u0131 da bu bahsetti\u011finiz denklemin i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yor san\u0131r\u0131m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu kanl\u0131 servet transferi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de milli burjuvazinin, yani M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk burjuvazinin olu\u015fumunu anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati bir \u00f6neme sahip. Nitekim bu y\u00f6nde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar giderek art\u0131yor. Fakat sadece ekonomiye baksak bile, bunun etkilerini sadece burjuvaziye bakarak anlayamay\u0131z. Ermenilerin ve m\u00fcbadeleyle g\u00f6nderilen Rumlar\u0131n 1910\u2019lardaki n\u00fcfus oran\u0131 e\u011fer korunsayd\u0131 bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 20 milyona yak\u0131n Ermeni ve Rum olacakt\u0131. \u015eimdi 20 milyonun birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u201ckayboldu\u011funu\u201d ve bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tahayy\u00fcl etsek, 1910\u2019lar ve 1920\u2019lerdeki n\u00fcfus m\u00fchendisli\u011finin devasal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da daha iyi anlar\u0131z gibime geliyor. Demek istedi\u011fim, ekonominin millile\u015ftirilmesini sadece milli burjuvazinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda de\u011fil, \u00fcretimi, m\u00fclkiyeti, ticareti, b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve istihdam\u0131yla ekonominin genel olarak millile\u015ftirilmesi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz bence.
\nHer hal\u00fckarda, \u00f6rne\u011fin ABD tarihini yerli halklar\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesi olmadan nas\u0131l analiz edemiyorsak, son y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye tarihini de 1915\u2019i hesaba katmadan analiz etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu a\u00e7\u0131k ger\u00e7ek de a\u00e7\u0131k bir ger\u00e7ek haline ancak son 20 y\u0131lda, o da zar zor gelebildi. Daha \u00f6ncesinde, birka\u00e7 istisnai entelekt\u00fcel d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kimsenin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u015fey de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

-K\u00fcrt meselesinde de benzer bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorsunuz ama \u015funu sormak istiyorum. Hem K\u00fcrt hem de Ermeni meselesinde 2012-2015 aras\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemi nereye koymal\u0131 ya da nas\u0131l anlamal\u0131? D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan her ne kadar sorunlu bir metin olsa da ve 1915\u2019in 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda sergiledi\u011fi performans o metni bir anlamda silse de 2013 ve 2014\u2019te bir taziye metni yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, sonras\u0131na gelen eskisinden beter bir politika olsa da K\u00fcrt meselesinde bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcreci d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fad\u0131k. Bunlar ne t\u00fcr istisnalard\u0131 sizce? Bu s\u00fcrecin rejim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan motivasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu soru \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir d\u00f6neme i\u015faret etti\u011fi i\u00e7in cevab\u0131 ister istemez spek\u00fclatif olacak ama ana motivasyonun \u00e7ok genel olarak politik oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Politik motivasyon ise, eski devleti ideolojik dayanaklar\u0131yla birlikte y\u0131k\u0131p yerine yenisini kurmak. Bunun i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplar\u0131n ve odaklar\u0131n deste\u011fini almak, bunlarla ittifak kurmak, yeni bir ideolojik me\u015fruiyet yaratmak ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131. Fakat bunun tam bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eski devleti b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131yla birlikte y\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ama yenisini kurmay\u0131 beceremediklerini biliyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni bir devlet kurmak i\u00e7in ne becerileri, ne de ahlaki, hukuki, demokratik ve entelekt\u00fcel me\u015fruiyetleri var. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ve art\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc de, Cumhuriyet\u2019le \u00f6rt\u00fclemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya geri d\u00f6n\u00fclerek \u00f6rt\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7ok daha m\u00fctevazi bir devleti bile y\u00f6netmeyi beceremeyenler, Osmanl\u0131 gibi devasa ve 600 y\u0131l ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f bir devletten me\u015fruiyet dev\u015firmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.
\nBu sorunuz ba\u011flam\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca \u015funu da hat\u0131rlamak faydal\u0131 olabilir: Bu \u00fclkenin tarihinde \u201ca\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u201dlar yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa, bunlar\u0131n belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 1908\u2019i \u00f6nceleyen ve takip eden 5-6 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u0130ttihat ve Terakki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonras\u0131nda neler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise malum.<\/p>\n

-Kitapta \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olman\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen imtiyazlara\u2019 ve insanlar\u0131n bu imtiyazlar\u0131n fark\u0131nda bile olmamas\u0131na ay\u0131r\u0131yor, bu imtiyazl\u0131 grubun T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan gruplar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgilenmeme, bir t\u00fcr onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmeme \u015fekilde i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz. Bunu da tarif ederken de ABD\u2019deki \u201cBeyaz Olma imtiyaz\u0131\u201dn\u0131 referans veriyorsunuz. Bu tabii \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 bir konu ama k\u0131saca tarif edecek olursak ne t\u00fcr benzerlikler var?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dedi\u011finiz gibi bu mukayese meselesi kapsaml\u0131, tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir konu. Ama basitle\u015ftirerek s\u00f6ylersem, benzerlikler, \u0131rksal ve etnik hiyerar\u015fideki konumlardan, g\u00fc\u00e7\/imtiyaz farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndan ve bu konumlar\u0131n\/farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rme, duyma, bilme, ilgilenme ve duygulanma bi\u00e7imlerinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u00dcsttekiler, belli bir \u0131rk\u0131 veya etnisiteyi sistematik ve kurumsal olarak avantajl\u0131 k\u0131lan yap\u0131sal \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve yap\u0131sal T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck sayesinde, alttakilere k\u0131yasla maddi ve manevi a\u00e7\u0131lardan imtiyazl\u0131 hayatlar ya\u015farlar. Yap\u0131sal terimi, ordu, e\u011fitim, akademi, diyanet, adalet, siyaset, medya gibi alan ve kurumlar\u0131n belli gruplar\u0131n lehine i\u015fledi\u011fine dair vurgu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, bireysel olarak \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 veya T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc olmayan ki\u015filerin de yap\u0131sal \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ktan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckten yararlanabildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmemizi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nFakat imtiyazl\u0131 gruplar imtiyazl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmezler. Bilmezler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc imtiyaz konforlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in normal kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r, g\u00f6r\u00fclmez, hissedilmez. Ak\u0131nt\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fczmek gibi. Ayr\u0131ca bilmek de istemezler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sahip olduklar\u0131 \u015feyleri hak ettiklerini, kendi becerileriyle elde ettiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek isterler. \u0130mtiyazs\u0131z gruplar ise imtiyazs\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilirler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ac\u0131 verici bir \u015fekilde kendisini s\u00fcrekli hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Tabii imtiyaz kavram\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, benzer k\u0131yaslamalar cinsiyet ve s\u0131n\u0131f hiyerar\u015fileriyle ilgili de yap\u0131labilir. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu e\u015fitsizlik kategorilerinin farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda birbirleriyle nas\u0131l kesi\u015fti\u011fi \u00fczerine de yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

-Kitapta \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden biri de Ermenilerin, Rumlar\u0131n, Yahudilerin, S\u00fcryanilerin bu T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni veri kabul edip buna uyan davran\u0131\u015f kodlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek zorunda kalmalar\u0131 ve bir t\u00fcr dilsizle\u015fmeleri, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olmak zorunda kalmalar\u0131. Benzer bir durumu K\u00fcrtlerin de bilhassa 1980 \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle anlat\u0131yorsunuz. Ancak bilhassa K\u00fcrtler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeni bir d\u00f6neme girdi\u011fimiz s\u00f6ylenebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme kavram\u0131na d\u00f6nersek, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olma halleri, i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan bireylerin karakterlerini, ruh hallerini, v\u00fccut dillerini vs. \u015fekillendirir. \u0130\u00e7inde olanlar\u0131n devleti ve milleti varken, d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131n devleti ve milleti yoktur. Bu temel farkl\u0131l\u0131k, i\u00e7indekilerin ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin b\u00fct\u00fcn davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, benlik sunma bi\u00e7imlerine, \u00e7evrelerindeki d\u00fcnyayla kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkilere ve girdikleri etkile\u015fimlere damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurur. Bu tabii bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde olmaz. \u0130\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f ve \u00f6\u011fretilmi\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck hissiyle olur.
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00f6ylediklerim \u00f6z\u00fc itibariyle g\u00fc\u00e7le ilgili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, de\u011fi\u015fim de g\u00fc\u00e7le ilgili olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle K\u00fcrtler, son 30 y\u0131lda kendilerine ait \u00e7ok boyutlu bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yaratabildikleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7 hiyerar\u015fisini sarst\u0131lar ve dengesizle\u015ftirdiler. Bu yeni g\u00fc\u00e7 de do\u011fal olarak, K\u00fcrtlere \u00f6zg\u00fcven ve \u00f6zsayg\u0131 olarak yans\u0131d\u0131. K\u00fcrtlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ise T\u00fcrklerde bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131 olarak deneyimlendi ve hissedildi. En basitinden, birisini istedi\u011finiz gibi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ramamak, isimlendirememek, tan\u0131mlayamamak bile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131 olarak deneyimlenebilir. Art\u0131k \u201cDo\u011fulu vatanda\u015flar\u201d veya \u201cK\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131\u201d diyemiyorsan\u0131z veya deseniz bile bundan dolay\u0131 komik duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mevzi kaybetmi\u015fsiniz demektir. \u201cG\u00e2vura g\u00e2vur diyememe\u201dnin T\u00fcrk \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131y\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz burada.<\/p>\n

-Kitapta tespitlerinizden biri de son 10-20 y\u0131lda bilhassa K\u00fcrt ve Ermeni meselesinde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler sonucu bir \u2018T\u00fcrkl\u00fck Krizi\u2019nin patlak verdi\u011fi. Yani bir t\u00fcr reaksiyon. Son iki y\u0131lda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z AKP\u2019nin bu T\u00fcrkl\u00fck Krizi\u2019ni s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc, temsilcisi olmaya soyunmas\u0131 ile mi ilgili biraz da?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, K\u00fcrtler \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde g\u00fc\u00e7lendik\u00e7e ve Ermeniler, \u00f6zellikle Agos ve Hrant Dink\u2019le birlikte, ahlaki ve entelekt\u00fcel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a, bu bir T\u00fcrkl\u00fck krizi yaratt\u0131. Bundan, T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6rmeme, duymama, ilgilenmeme g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ellerinden al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve kendilerini, s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerle bir \u015fekilde ilgilenme mecburiyeti i\u00e7inde bulmalar\u0131n\u0131 kastediyorum. Son 20 y\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan alternatif tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kendisi bile ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir T\u00fcrkl\u00fck krizi yaratt\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131 tarihin T\u00fcrklerin bildi\u011fi gibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. Bu kriz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, kimileri daha da milliyet\u00e7i ve ulusalc\u0131 olurken, kimileri de de\u011fi\u015fip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nPolitik d\u00fczeyde ise T\u00fcrkl\u00fck kriziyle sadece AKP de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk partisi olan b\u00fct\u00fcn partiler ba\u015f etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Se\u00e7menlerinin kriziyle nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacaklard\u0131? Ulusalc\u0131la\u015farak m\u0131? Daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve esnek olarak m\u0131? M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin s\u00f6ylemine d\u00f6nerek mi? Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n emperyal ha\u015fmetine d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyerek mi? Yoksa iyice T\u00fcrk-\u0130slamc\u0131la\u015farak m\u0131? B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sorulara farkl\u0131 zamanlarda farkl\u0131 cevaplar verildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin CHP 2000\u2019lerde ulusalc\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 se\u00e7ti, yani sa\u011fa kayd\u0131. Fakat 2010\u2019lardaki Gezi ve HDP\u2019de cisimle\u015fen sol dalga CHP\u2019yi bu defa ters istikamette zorlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nAKP\u2019yle ilgili sorunuza d\u00f6nersek, bu krizden yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Sonu\u00e7ta, de\u011fi\u015fen konjonkt\u00fcre g\u00f6re her \u015feyden yararlanabilen bir hareket var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda. Ama ben 7 Haziran 2015\u2019den sonra ya\u015fananlar\u0131, T\u00fcrk sa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00fc\u00e7 temel damar\u0131 olan \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve ulusalc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00e7e\u015fitli hesaplar etraf\u0131nda birle\u015ferek, y\u00fckselen sola ve K\u00fcrt hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131-sa\u011f bir ittifak olu\u015fturmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Buna yer yer destek veren CHP\u2019nin tutumu da k\u0131smen T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Ama bu tutumun, sol dalgan\u0131n ve HDP\u2019nin muhtemelen birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde CHP\u2019yi yerinden, \u00f6rne\u011fin ana muhalefetten edecek olmas\u0131yla da ilgisi vard\u0131 bence. Demek istedi\u011fim, sadece T\u00fcrkl\u00fck krizi veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 bu bana g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n

-Son olarak \u015funu sormak istiyorum. T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu herc\u00fcmer\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bundan sonra kuruldu\u011fu, tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi devam eder mi? Yoksa belli bir d\u00f6nemin sonuna m\u0131 geldik?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitapta da s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi, ge\u00e7mi\u015f hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olabilecek bir kavramsal ara\u00e7, diyelim s\u00f6zle\u015fme, g\u00fcncel zaman ve gelecek hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmayabilir, hatta yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Ama \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyeyim. T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin cazibesi, uymayanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil uyanlar\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllendirmesinden gelir: S\u00f6zle\u015fme, i\u00e7indeki insanlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlarla g\u00f6zetir, bu insanlar\u0131n kendi onurlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak, diyelim belli bir mesle\u011fi d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde yaparak ya\u015famalar\u0131 ve toplumsal hayatta y\u00fckselmeleri i\u00e7in imkan sunar, kariyer hatlar\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu sayede, toplumun en alt katmanlar\u0131ndan gelen say\u0131s\u0131z insan \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda mesleklerini, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin temel kurallar\u0131na uymak kayd\u0131yla, d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve sayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde yaparak y\u00fckselebildiler. Profes\u00f6r, h\u00e2kim, gazeteci, doktor, b\u00fcrokrat, ba\u015fbakan vs olabildiler. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 da, belli bir gayri\u015fahsi ve kurumsal rasyonelli\u011fi olan, D\u00fcnya\u2019da da sayg\u0131n bir yeri olan bir devletin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak yapt\u0131lar.
\nAKP iktidar\u0131 i\u015fte bu devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00f6kertti ve \u015fahsile\u015ftirdi. Art\u0131k bir T\u00fcrk\u00fcn, kendisine ve mesle\u011fine sayg\u0131 duyarak, kendi kararlar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131karak ve \u00e7evreden de ger\u00e7ek bir sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rerek toplumsal hayatta y\u00fckselmesi imkans\u0131z. 15 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ne \u00fcniversite kald\u0131, ne yarg\u0131 kald\u0131, ne diplomasi kald\u0131, ne medya kald\u0131, ne de meclis kald\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin, reel ve potansiyel \u00f6d\u00fcllerle ve imtiyazlarla donatan kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in ve buna paralel olarak, s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerin daha \u00f6nceki sorularda bahsetti\u011fim direni\u015fi de devam edece\u011fi i\u00e7in, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin k\u0131sa vadedeki gelece\u011fi de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fiddet ve bask\u0131 ayg\u0131tlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ama orta ve uzun vadede T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yeniden ve yeni kurumlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tekrar g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilebilir. Tabii, m\u00fccadeleye ve olas\u0131 ittifaklara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p yerini daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir \u015feye de b\u0131rakabilir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/20529\/son-100-yillik-turkiye-tarihi-1915i-hesaba-katmadan-analiz-edilemez<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yetvart Danzikyan\u00a0 7 \u015eubat 2017\u2019de 686 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal KHK\u2019s\u0131 ile mesle\u011finden ihra\u00e7 edilen akademisyen Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu y\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa hem de 1915\u2019in \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda olup bitenlere dair yeni bir perspektif sunuyor. Kitab\u0131 vesilesiyle Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son 100 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":46064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nSon 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye tarihi 1915\u2019i hesaba katmadan analiz edilemez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=46062\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Son 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye tarihi 1915\u2019i hesaba katmadan analiz edilemez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yetvart Danzikyan\u00a0 7 \u015eubat 2017\u2019de 686 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal KHK\u2019s\u0131 ile mesle\u011finden ihra\u00e7 edilen akademisyen Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu y\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa hem de 1915\u2019in \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda olup bitenlere dair yeni bir perspektif sunuyor. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=46062","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Son 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye tarihi 1915\u2019i hesaba katmadan analiz edilemez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Yetvart Danzikyan\u00a0 7 \u015eubat 2017\u2019de 686 say\u0131l\u0131 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal KHK\u2019s\u0131 ile mesle\u011finden ihra\u00e7 edilen akademisyen Bar\u0131\u015f \u00dcnl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu y\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Dipnot Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fck S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa hem de 1915\u2019in \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda olup bitenlere dair yeni bir perspektif sunuyor. 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