{"id":43462,"date":"2017-01-17T02:17:03","date_gmt":"2017-01-17T07:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43462"},"modified":"2017-01-17T02:17:03","modified_gmt":"2017-01-17T07:17:03","slug":"kapalicarsidaki-donusumun-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43462","title":{"rendered":"Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn hik\u00e2yesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Fato\u015f<\/a>Ferda Balancar<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Kemerburgaz \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fato\u015f Alt\u0131nba\u015f Sar\u0131g\u00fcl’\u00fcn doktora tezinden derleyerek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Bir D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Hik\u00e2yesi-El Yap\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fccevherat Ustalar\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sar\u0131g\u00fcl ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki son durumu konu\u015ftuk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Kemerburgaz \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fato\u015f Alt\u0131nba\u015f Sar\u0131g\u00fcl’\u00fcn doktora tezinden derleyerek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Bir D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Hik\u00e2yesi-El Yap\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fccevherat Ustalar\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. “Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustalar\u0131, kendileriyle birlikte, mesleklerini de tarihin tamamlanm\u0131\u015f sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131na kapat\u0131yor” diyen Sar\u0131g\u00fcl ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki son durumu konu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n

El yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihe kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tehlikesi var. Bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ne t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nabilir? G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz ustalar\u0131n bu konuda ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, uygulanabilir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6nerileri var m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

El yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f bir meslek. 20.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim sistemindeki reformlar ve modernle\u015fmeyle birlikte gen\u00e7 nesillerin okul e\u011fitimini meslek e\u011fitimine tercih etmeleri ve ustalar\u0131n\u0131n mesleklerini \u00f6\u011fretecek \u00e7\u0131rak bulamamalar\u0131, ustalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda meslekten tatmin edici para kazanamamak da gen\u00e7lerin okul e\u011fitimini se\u00e7melerine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Ustalar mesle\u011fin t\u00fckeni\u015fini ekonomik ve sosyal modernle\u015fmeye ve de\u011fi\u015fime ba\u011flarken, bu s\u00fcreci zihinlerinde gittik\u00e7e normalle\u015ftirdiklerinden, bu konuyla ilgili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmekten ziyade kabulleni\u015f a\u015famas\u0131ndayd\u0131lar, diyebilirim. Pek \u00e7ok usta, \u2018al-sat ticareti\u2019 yapmak gibi, mesle\u011fin farkl\u0131 dallar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na bu \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmu\u015flar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise mesle\u011fin yan\u0131nda farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde faaliyet g\u00f6steriyorlar.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde d\u00fcnyada pek \u00e7ok mesle\u011fin butik \u00fcretimin korunmas\u0131 yoluyla ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yeni piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flayabildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de s\u00f6z konusu olabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elbette bu el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat mesle\u011fi i\u00e7in de s\u00f6z konusu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, sekt\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131rak olarak ba\u015flay\u0131p \u015fu anda tasar\u0131mla teknolojiyi birle\u015ftirerek marka yaratm\u0131\u015f ve hatta uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7 usta da vard\u0131. Mesle\u011fi b\u0131rakan veya b\u0131rakma noktas\u0131nda varolmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan di\u011fer ustalardan farklar\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131 anlamak, teknolojiyi etkin kullanabilmek, \u00f6zg\u00fcn tasar\u0131mlar yapmak ve do\u011fru pazarlarda satabilmek olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlar. El yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherlerini do\u011fru al\u0131c\u0131yla bulu\u015fturabilmek ve m\u00fccevherin de\u011ferini koruyabilmek i\u00e7in pazarlama stratejisi geli\u015ftirdiklerini ve Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karak ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileriyle i\u015flerini geli\u015ftirdiklerini anlat\u0131yorlar. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m 28 ustadan, sadece 4 tanesi i\u00e7in bu durum ge\u00e7erli diyebilirim. Geri kalan ustalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 sanayile\u015fmeye uyum sa\u011flay\u0131p, el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher i\u015fini b\u0131rakarak ekonomik ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flarken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ikisini bir arada g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini fakat el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher i\u015fini para kazanmaktan ziyade hobi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini ifade ettiler.<\/p>\n

Tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n genelde Ermeni ustalar oldu\u011funu belirtiyorsunuz. Bunda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir azalma s\u00f6z konusu mudur? Agos i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z r\u00f6portajlarda, Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki Ermeni ustalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zelikle son 30-40 y\u0131lda Mardin ve Midyat\u2019tan S\u00fcryani m\u00fccevher ustalar\u0131n\u0131n Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019ya geldi\u011fi de anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sizin bu y\u00f6nde g\u00f6zlemleriniz oldu mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131n belirli alan\u0131 Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustalar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n Ermeni k\u00f6kenli ustalar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m 28 ustadan sadece 3 tanesi S\u00fcryani idi ve onlar da nesillerdir \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan ustalard\u0131. Mardin ve Midyat\u2019tan gelen S\u00fcryani ustalar p\u0131rlantal\u0131 m\u00fccevherden ziyade telk\u00e2ri denilen i\u015f\u00e7ilikle \u00fcretilen tak\u0131lar \u00fcretiyorlar ve el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher ustalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 alg\u0131lan\u0131yorlar. Ticaret anlam\u0131nda bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ustalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan son 30 y\u0131lda Anadolu\u2019dan gelen ve alt\u0131n i\u015fi yapan ailelerin Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dengeleri de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini duydum. Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019da nesillerdir yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan m\u00fccevherat ustalar\u0131, s\u0131kl\u0131kla mesle\u011fin bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimden ve ahlaki anlay\u0131\u015ftan da bahsettiler. Usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisinde ustan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131ra\u011f\u0131na mesleki becerilerden \u00f6nce ahlak, edep, terbiye \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fini, bu sebeple Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019da t\u00fcm ustalar\u0131n ve e\u015fraf\u0131n birbirine sayg\u0131 ve sevgiyle yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 dinledim. Ustalar, Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen ve farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikime sahip ailelerin Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019ya yerle\u015fmesiyle bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, biraz da yak\u0131narak ifade ettiler.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerle el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher ustalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u00fcresel piyasalara y\u00f6nelik i\u015fbirlikleri kurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Seri \u00fcretimle birlikte ba\u015flayan tektiple\u015fme ve estetikten uzakla\u015fmaya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerle el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher ustalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde i\u015fbirli\u011fi geli\u015ftirmek, uluslararas\u0131 rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rabilir mi?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada bu bahsetti\u011finiz i\u015fbirlikleri olmu\u015fken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hen\u00fcz b\u00f6yle bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi olmu\u015f diyemeyiz. Baz\u0131 el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustalar\u0131 kendi markas\u0131n\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015f; ekonomik faaliyetlerini geni\u015fletmi\u015f. Sekt\u00f6rdeki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler ise genelde fabrika \u00fcretimi veya yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan \u00fcr\u00fcn satarken, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da satacaklar\u0131 \u00f6zel, el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherleri piyasadaki ustalara d\u0131\u015fardan yapt\u0131rma yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015f. Seri \u00fcretim, fabrikala\u015fm\u0131\u015f tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 ise tak\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 mezunu gen\u00e7lerden olu\u015fan ekiplere yapt\u0131rmaya devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131rak bulma zorlu\u011fu sadece m\u00fccevher ustalar\u0131n\u0131n gelir d\u00fczeylerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle mi ilgili? Yoksa ba\u015fka nedenleri de var m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131rak bulma zorlu\u011fu, bahsetti\u011fim gibi 1960 sonras\u0131 modernle\u015fme ve e\u011fitimdeki reformlarla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. \u00dcniversite e\u011fitimi sonras\u0131 avukat, mimar, doktor gibi meslek sahibi olmak imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 elde eden gen\u00e7 nesil, bu yolu tercih etmi\u015f. Genelde okulda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan \u00e7ocuklar, ustalara \u00e7\u0131rak olarak verilmi\u015f. Mesle\u011fin kan kaybetmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ise ekonomik kayg\u0131lar nedeniyle, ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rak olarak vermek i\u00e7in m\u00fccevherat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc tercih etmemesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

El yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevher ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik meslek liseleri a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rsa, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara k\u0131smi de olsa bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eu anda meslek okullar\u0131nda ve baz\u0131 \u00fcniversitelerde tak\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri mevcut ve gen\u00e7ler bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde e\u011fitim al\u0131p sonras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck imalat yapan \u015firketlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulabiliyor. Fakat elbette bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten sonra gidip bir ustan\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131rak olmak s\u00f6z konusu olmuyor. Sekt\u00f6rdeki de\u011fi\u015fim bu yolda devam ediyor. Ve \u015fu a\u015famada ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, diyebilirim.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinizde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden akl\u0131n\u0131zda kalan ilgin\u00e7 anekdotlar var m\u0131d\u0131r? Bunlar\u0131 bizimle payla\u015f\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecimde akl\u0131mda kalan ve beni \u00e7ok etkileyen en \u00f6nemli konu, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn erkek egemen bir sekt\u00f6r olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir kad\u0131n olarak girdi\u011fim her at\u00f6lyede, her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda sayg\u0131 ve \u00f6zenle kar\u015f\u0131lanmamd\u0131. Ustalar\u0131n bahsetti\u011fi, o m\u00fccevherat ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesle\u011fine has ahlaki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 her ortamda hissettim ve \u00e7ok sayg\u0131 duydum. Onun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m inan\u0131lmaz yetenekli, nisbeten gen\u00e7 ustalar oldu. Bu yetenekli ki\u015filerin Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil de, Avrupa veya Amerika\u2019da olsalar, \u00e7ok daha farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilebileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyi, yaln\u0131zla\u015fmay\u0131, \u0131ss\u0131zla\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bu de\u011fi\u015fime direnmek kolay g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/17480\/kapalicarsidaki-donusumun-hikyesi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ferda Balancar\u00a0 \u0130stanbul Kemerburgaz \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fato\u015f Alt\u0131nba\u015f Sar\u0131g\u00fcl’\u00fcn doktora tezinden derleyerek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Bir D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Hik\u00e2yesi-El Yap\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fccevherat Ustalar\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sar\u0131g\u00fcl ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki son durumu konu\u015ftuk \u0130stanbul Kemerburgaz \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fato\u015f Alt\u0131nba\u015f Sar\u0131g\u00fcl’\u00fcn doktora tezinden derleyerek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":43463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nKapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn hik\u00e2yesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43462\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn hik\u00e2yesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ferda Balancar\u00a0 \u0130stanbul Kemerburgaz \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Fato\u015f Alt\u0131nba\u015f Sar\u0131g\u00fcl’\u00fcn doktora tezinden derleyerek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Bir D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Hik\u00e2yesi-El Yap\u0131m\u0131 M\u00fccevherat Ustalar\u0131\u2019 kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sar\u0131g\u00fcl ile kitab\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, el yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fccevherat ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki son durumu konu\u015ftuk \u0130stanbul Kemerburgaz \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. 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