{"id":43325,"date":"2016-12-28T02:02:00","date_gmt":"2016-12-28T07:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325"},"modified":"2016-12-28T02:02:00","modified_gmt":"2016-12-28T07:02:00","slug":"anadolunun-unutulan-rum-nufusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325","title":{"rendered":"Anadolu\u2019nun unutulan Rum n\u00fcfusu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ari-cokona\"<\/a>Rupen Varjabedyan<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Ari \u00c7okona\u2019n\u0131n \u201920 Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019daki Rum Yerle\u015fimleri\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Literat\u00fcr yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan raflardaki yerini ald\u0131. \u00c7okona’yla, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Rumlar\u0131n sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, e\u011fitimleri, meslekleri, sanat ve spora ilgileri hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra okuduklar\u0131 gazete ve dergilere, dinledikleri m\u00fcziklere, kurduklar\u0131 derneklere yer verilen kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015ftuk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Ari \u00c7okona\u2019n\u0131n \u201920 Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019daki Rum Yerle\u015fimleri\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Literat\u00fcr yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan raflardaki yerini ald\u0131. Kitap, \u00f6zellikle Rum yerle\u015fimlerinin yaln\u0131zca Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan Kapadokya\u2019ya uzanan alanda yer almas\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 istatistiksel bilgilerle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken, 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce hangi b\u00f6lgede ne kadar Rum yerle\u015fimleri vard\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki Rumlar hangi dili konu\u015furlard\u0131 gibi sorulara cevap veriyor. Ari \u00c7okona\u2019yla, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Rumlar\u0131n sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, e\u011fitimleri, meslekleri, sanat ve spora ilgileri hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra okuduklar\u0131 gazete ve dergilere, dinledikleri m\u00fcziklere, kurduklar\u0131 derneklere yer verilen kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yazma sebebinden ba\u015flamak istiyorum. Bu kitapta okuyucuyu neler bekliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019n\u0131n kalabal\u0131k bir Rum n\u00fcfusu vard\u0131. Tarihsel nedenlerle bu n\u00fcfus g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde birka\u00e7 bine kadar indi. T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bu insanlar, arkalar\u0131nda varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n maddi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Geride kalan her yerle\u015fimin eskilere uzanan bir tarihi, her binan\u0131n, her okulun, her ibadethanenin bir ad\u0131, bir hik\u00e2yesi var. Bir \u015feyin ad\u0131 unutulunca s\u0131radanla\u015f\u0131r, \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yitirir. Bir \u015feyin ad\u0131 unutulunca an\u0131s\u0131 da yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00f6lmeye ba\u015flar. An\u0131lar\u0131n unutulup gitmesine g\u00f6nl\u00fcm elvermedi. Osmanl\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6y, kasaba ve kentlere ili\u015fkin bildiklerimi, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p \u00f6\u011frendiklerimi k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kmek istedim. \u0130statistik tablolar\u0131nda, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131nda, kitaplar\u0131n dipnotlar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalan bilgileri bir araya getirmenin ilgin\u00e7 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle yerle\u015fimlerin eski ve yeni adlar\u0131na, nas\u0131l ve ne zaman kurulduklar\u0131na, kilise, manast\u0131r, \u015fapel ve okullar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131na, kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131na odakland\u0131m. Bu yerle\u015fimlerin n\u00fcfusu, ekonomisi, sosyal hayat\u0131, e\u011fitim hayat\u0131 ve ilgin\u00e7 gelebilecek \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fckleri hakk\u0131nda bulduklar\u0131m\u0131 kaydettim. Her yerle\u015fimde hangi dilin konu\u015fuldu\u011funu, halk\u0131n\u0131n yerli mi oldu\u011funu yoksa ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeden g\u00f6\u00e7 m\u00fc etti\u011fini belirtmeyi de ihmal etmedim. Yerle\u015fimlerin tarihine odaklanan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak buralarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerine de de\u011finmek zorundayd\u0131. Kitapta Rumlar\u0131n sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, e\u011fitimleri, meslekleri, sanat ve spora ilgileri hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmler var. Okuduklar\u0131 gazetelere ve dergilere, dinledikleri m\u00fcziklere, kurduklar\u0131 derneklere de yer veriliyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de insanlar Rum n\u00fcfusunun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan Kapadokya\u2019ya uzanan alanda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrine sahip. Ancak kitab\u0131n\u0131zda bu n\u00fcfusun do\u011fuya do\u011fru da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Siz bu bilgi eksikli\u011fini nas\u0131l yorumluyorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda genel kan\u0131 ger\u00e7eklere pek de uzak de\u011fil. Rum n\u00fcfusun geleneksel yerle\u015fimleri Trakya, Marmara Denizi\u2019nin g\u00fcneyi, Ege ve Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, Bat\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu Karadeniz ile \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019dad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde kiliseleri, okullar\u0131, hastaneleri ve dernekleri ile aktif bir sosyal hayat\u0131 olan cemaatler halinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015fti. Bu b\u00f6lgeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Rumlar son y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslu b\u00f6lgelerden g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek yerle\u015ftiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Do\u011fu Karadenizli Rumlar madencilikte uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Do\u011fum yerlerinden tamamen kopmadan maden ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131na yerle\u015fiyor, madenleri i\u015fletiyorlard\u0131. Toprak a\u011falar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve bar\u0131\u015fsever olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131ndan Rum \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri \u00f6zellikle \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor, topraklar\u0131nda kalmaya te\u015fvik ediyordu. 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Ruslara terk edilen Batum, Kars ve Ardahan\u2019\u0131n ilk Rus valisi T\u00fcmgeneral Viktor Frankini, 1879 tarihli bir raporunda, Rumlar\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik ve zanaatlarla u\u011fra\u015fan, uysal, itaatk\u00e2r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan bir halk oldu\u011funu yazar. Hi\u00e7bir siyasi emelleri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, vilayetin H\u0131ristiyanlar d\u00e2hil di\u011fer halklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 denge unsuru olarak kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir. Rum n\u00fcfus bu \u015fekilde daha geni\u015f alanlara yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fmak ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim gerektiren doktorluk, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, mimarl\u0131k ve avukatl\u0131k gibi meslekleri yapmak \u00fczere bireysel bazda Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7 kesimlerine yerle\u015fenler de zamanla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cemaatler olu\u015fturdular. Bir de \u2018g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u2019 artmas\u0131 diye adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek bir olgu var. Tanzimat ve \u00f6zellikle Islahat Ferman\u0131\u2019ndan sonra ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 iyile\u015fen Rumlar cesaretlenerek 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru toplumsal hayata daha \u00e7ok kat\u0131lmay\u0131, daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmay\u0131 tercih ettiler. As\u0131rlar boyunca g\u00f6ze batmamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra birdenbire g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 Rum toplumunun tarihini bilmeyenleri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtabilir.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n\u0131z, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferli bilgiler i\u00e7eriyor. Bu bilgileri g\u00f6rsellerle desteklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcyd\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu kitap asl\u0131nda bir kartpostal alb\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn metinlerini olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Benden 25\u201330 bin kelimelik bir metin istenmi\u015fti. Ama verilen boyutlara sad\u0131k kalmaya dikkat etti\u011fim halde metin 100 bin kelimeyi a\u015ft\u0131. Bu arada kartpostal kitab\u0131na sponsor bulunamad\u0131 ve proje beni \u00fczecek kadar gecikti. Kendi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131mla ba\u015fka g\u00f6rseller arad\u0131m, ama her seferinde bir sorun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve sonunda kitab\u0131 bu \u015fekliyle yay\u0131mlamaya karar verdim. T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fruyor. Kitapta bahsi ge\u00e7en binalar\u0131n, kurumlar\u0131n, hatta yerle\u015fimlerin \u00e7o\u011fu arkalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakmadan yok oldular. Onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rsellerde ya\u015fatmak \u00e7ok iyi olurdu. Ama isimlerini, tarihlerini ve onlar\u0131 meydana getiren insanlar\u0131 kaydedebilmi\u015f olmak da beni mutlu ediyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde moloz y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olan bir binan\u0131n sadece bir \u2018Rum okulu\u2019 de\u011fil, \u2018Kydonia Akademisi\u2019, ah\u0131r olarak kullan\u0131lan bir yap\u0131n\u0131n sadece bir \u2018Rum kilisesi\u2019 de\u011fil, \u2018Profitis \u0130lias Kilisesi\u2019 oldu\u011funu bilmek, bence, an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmada etkili olabilir.<\/p>\n

Kitap yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra birka\u00e7 Yunan yay\u0131nevi ve dernek Yunanca bask\u0131s\u0131na talip oldu ve hepsi de anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6rseller bulmay\u0131 teklif etti. Belki de g\u00f6rseller Yunanca bask\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smetidir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu, tarihsel anlamda Asya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131s\u0131nda Karadeniz, Akdeniz ve Ege denizi aras\u0131nda kalan bir da\u011fl\u0131k yar\u0131mada olarak kabul ediliyor. \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i, Anadolu\u2019nun s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Kapadokya’ya kadar tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Milli E\u011fitim okul kitaplar\u0131nda ise, T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Siz Anadolu’yu nas\u0131l tan\u0131ml\u0131yorsunuz? Hangi tan\u0131m\u0131 esas al\u0131yorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu, do\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelen Yunanca \u2018anatoli\u2019 kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri \u2018Anatolikon thema\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor, \u2018Kapadokya thema\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak kabaca \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun orta ve bat\u0131 kesimlerini i\u00e7eriyordu. \u0130dari b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn merkezi olan Amorion \u015fehri, Afyonkarahisar\u2019\u0131n Emirda\u011f il\u00e7esinin Hisark\u00f6y k\u00f6y\u00fcne yak\u0131nd\u0131 ve Ezop\u2019un memleketi olarak biliniyordu. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lge bat\u0131da Ege sahillerine ve kuzeyde Karadeniz sahillerine kadar geni\u015fletilerek 233.114 km2<\/sup>\u00a0y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcml\u00fc \u2018Anadolu Eyaleti\u2019ni olu\u015fturdu. 1393\u2019te kurulan eyaletin merkezi Ankara, 1451\u2019den sonra da K\u00fctahya idi. Anadolu Eyaleti, 1826 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yani Vaka-i Hayriye\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan Ayd\u0131n (\u0130zmir), H\u00fcdevandigar (Bursa), Kastamonu ve Ankara olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt eyalete b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Etimolojik ve tarihsel anlamda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgeyi tan\u0131mlayan Anadolu terimi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Asya\u2019daki topraklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Ben de herkes gibi Anadolu kelimesinden bunu anl\u0131yorum. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lge Yunan kaynaklar\u0131nda K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya (Mikra Asia) terimiyle tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130mroz, \u0130zmir, Antakya ve \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir Rum toplumundan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1923\u2019te imzalanan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerle, \u0130stanbul, G\u00f6k\u00e7eada ve Bozcaada Rumlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Trakya\u2019daki Rumlar ile Yunanistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerin m\u00fcbadele edilmeleri kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fcbadeleye tab\u00ee olacak az\u0131nl\u0131klar da din\u00ee inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re tespit edildi. Rum n\u00fcfusa 1939\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lan Hatay\u2019daki Rum Ortodokslar da eklendi. Son y\u0131llarda, \u0130zmir\u2019e sonradan yerle\u015fenler de burada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir cemaat olu\u015fturdu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Rumlar zaman i\u00e7inde azalarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde say\u0131lar\u0131 birka\u00e7 bine kadar indi ve hemen hemen t\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011finiz b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n redaksiyon ve editoryal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kim \u00fcstlendi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131lan her bilgiyi birka\u00e7 kaynaktan do\u011frulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla birlikte, \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafi alan\u0131 kapsayan b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok eksiklik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Verdi\u011fim rakam, isim ve tarihleri bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 belgeden aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in her birinin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 belirtmek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hacmini \u00e7ok art\u0131racakt\u0131. Bunun yerine, kitab\u0131n sonuna geni\u015f bir kaynak\u00e7a ekledim. Ancak bu \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanan bir kitab\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131p d\u00fczeltmeler yapmak \u00e7ok zordur. Literat\u00fcr Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferli edit\u00f6rleri daha \u00e7ok dile ve imlaya m\u00fcdahale ettiler. Kitapta bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z eksik ve hatalar tamamen benden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Bunlara ili\u015fkin okur ikazlar\u0131n\u0131 da kitab\u0131n yeni bask\u0131lar\u0131nda dikkate alaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fan Rumlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7inse Arap\u00e7a konu\u015fan ve anadillerini kaybeden Rumlardan bahsediyorsunuz, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde topluca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fan Rum yerle\u015fimleri de var m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n konusu 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki Rumlar. Bu y\u00fczden ihtida olgusuna odaklanma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 hissetmedim. Ama bu konuyu ele alan, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler veren \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma var. M\u00fcbadil g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Sinop\u2019ta k\u00f6y papaz\u0131 ile birlikte 1915 gibi ge\u00e7 bir tarihte topluca \u0130slamiyet\u2019e ge\u00e7en bir k\u00f6y tespit ettim. Kapadokya\u2019da baz\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6ylerinde atalar\u0131ndan kalma m\u00fclklere sahip olmalar\u0131 da yak\u0131n tarihlere kadar \u0130slamiyet\u2019e toplu ge\u00e7i\u015flerin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Genelde din de\u011fi\u015ftirenler kendilerini kabul ettirebilmek i\u00e7in yeni dinlerine s\u0131k\u0131ca sar\u0131l\u0131rlar, eski dinda\u015flar\u0131na uzak dururlar. Ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 da eski dinlerinin gereklerini gizlice yerine getirmeye devam ederler. Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup gizlice H\u0131ristiyan kalan Rumlar Kriptohristianoi, Klostoi, Kromlu, Stavrinli ya da Teness\u00fcr M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131 adlar\u0131yla biliniyorlard\u0131. Islahat Ferman\u0131\u2019yla \u015feriat\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130slamiyet\u2019ten d\u00f6nenlere verilen \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca gizli H\u0131ristiyanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 kay\u0131tlara resmen H\u0131ristiyan olarak yaz\u0131lmak istedi. 1857\u2019de Trabzon\u2019un Cevizlik kasabas\u0131nda kurulan ve yabanc\u0131 el\u00e7iliklerin temsilcilerinin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kurula, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Trabzon Konsoloslu\u011fu\u2019nun tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re 24 bin gizli H\u0131ristiyan ba\u015fvuruda bulunarak H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bu durumda, Osmanl\u0131 yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyanlar gibi cizye vergisi vermeleri ve sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 askerlikten muaf olmalar\u0131 gerekiyordu. Yetkililer geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri asgari miktarda tutmak i\u00e7in bu kesime askerlik muafiyeti tan\u0131mad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine, askerlikte misillemelere tab\u00ee tutulma korkusuyla bu yeni H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/17332\/anadolunun-unutulan-rum-nufusu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rupen Varjabedyan\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Ari \u00c7okona\u2019n\u0131n \u201920 Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019daki Rum Yerle\u015fimleri\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Literat\u00fcr yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan raflardaki yerini ald\u0131. \u00c7okona’yla, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Rumlar\u0131n sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, e\u011fitimleri, meslekleri, sanat ve spora ilgileri hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra okuduklar\u0131 gazete ve dergilere, dinledikleri m\u00fcziklere, kurduklar\u0131 derneklere yer verilen kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015ftuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Ari \u00c7okona\u2019n\u0131n \u201920 Y\u00fczy\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":43326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nAnadolu\u2019nun unutulan Rum n\u00fcfusu - 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Anadolu\u2019nun unutulan Rum n\u00fcfusu - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Rupen Varjabedyan\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Ari \u00c7okona\u2019n\u0131n \u201920 Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019daki Rum Yerle\u015fimleri\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Literat\u00fcr yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan raflardaki yerini ald\u0131. \u00c7okona’yla, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Rumlar\u0131n sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, e\u011fitimleri, meslekleri, sanat ve spora ilgileri hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra okuduklar\u0131 gazete ve dergilere, dinledikleri m\u00fcziklere, kurduklar\u0131 derneklere yer verilen kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015ftuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Ari \u00c7okona\u2019n\u0131n \u201920 Y\u00fczy\u0131l […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2016-12-28T07:02:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":702,"height":336,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/12\/Ari-\u00c7okona.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Anadolu\u2019nun unutulan Rum n\u00fcfusu","datePublished":"2016-12-28T07:02:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325"},"wordCount":2044,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/12\/Ari-\u00c7okona.jpg","articleSection":["Haberler","Kitaplar-Ele\u015ftiriler","M\u00fclakatlar","T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43325","name":"Anadolu\u2019nun unutulan Rum n\u00fcfusu - 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