{"id":43098,"date":"2016-12-13T02:29:31","date_gmt":"2016-12-13T07:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43098"},"modified":"2016-12-13T02:29:31","modified_gmt":"2016-12-13T07:29:31","slug":"ermeni-toplumunun-yakici-yasam-mucadelesi-kac-kisisiniz-bogos-efendi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43098","title":{"rendered":"Ermeni Toplumunun Yak\u0131c\u0131 Ya\u015fam M\u00fccadelesi: Ka\u00e7 ki\u015fisiniz Bo\u011fos Efendi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"sait-cetinoglu\"<\/a>Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apraham\u00a0 Kasapyan\u2019\u0131n, \u00a0Bu devirde, ya\u015fl\u0131, d\u00fcnyaya veda etmekte olan bir ada\u00adm\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00e7ok sevenler bile okumaz, biliyorum. Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n vakti yok ki \u00f6lmekte olan\u0131n hayat\u0131yla ilgilen\u00adsinler. Bunu biliyorum, ama yine de, kendime bir me\u015fgale olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, hat\u0131r\u0131mda kalanlar\u0131 yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u00ad\u011f\u0131m. <\/em>S\u00f6zleriyle kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tekirda\u011f\u2019dan ba\u015flayan\u00a0 tehcir <\/em>ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu s\u00fcrecinde\u00a0 ve\u00a0 \u00f6l\u00fcm co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesini n g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yazar\u0131n torununun\u00a0 \u00e7evirisiyle okuyucusuna sunulan \u00a0Ka\u00e7 Ki\u015fisiniz Bo\u011fos Efendi?<\/em>[i]<\/a> Ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, Ermeni toplumunun ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki yak\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6zetidir.<\/p>\n

Edit\u00f6r\u00fcn sunu\u015f yerine \u00f6zetledi\u011fi gibi: Yani bir hayat\u0131n de\u011fil, asl\u0131nda bir hayatta kal\u0131\u015f\u0131n hik\u00e2ye edilmi\u015f hali bu metin. Temelde 1915 ve sonras\u0131n\u0131n cana kast eden ko\u015fullan alt\u0131nda nas\u0131l ayakta durulabildi\u011fini an\u00adlat\u0131yor. Bir g\u00fcnde yerlerinden yurtlar\u0131ndan edilen, \u00fcstelik bir Pasifik adas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zde tehlikeleri alt\u0131nda de\u011fil, da\u011fda bay\u0131rda, gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, s\u0131cakta ve so\u00ad\u011fukta y\u00fczlerce kilometre kat eden gen\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131n ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi her t\u00fcrden tehdit alt\u0131nda \u00f6lmemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun yaralar\u0131n\u0131 ve korkular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fc bo\u00adyunca s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan birinin hik\u00e2yesinden s\u00f6z ediyoruz. Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca T\u00fcrkiye Ermenilerinin bu t\u00fcr hik\u00e2yeleri anlatmak konusunda, malum nedenlerle ne ka\u00addar \u00fcrkek ve ketum oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, nadir, de\u011ferli ve \u00e7ok da cesur bir hik\u00e2ye ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/em> Kasapyan m\u00fctevazi c\u00fcmleler kurmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemli\u00a0 bir belge kaleme al\u0131p bize ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Bir varl\u0131k-yokluk hikayesi olan Apraham Kasapyan\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131,\u00a0 Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan ba\u015flay\u0131p, Ermenileri bir y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r art arda \u00a0izleyen felaketler zincirinin halkalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f direni\u015flerin hikayesidir:\u00a0 Varl\u0131k Vergi\u00adsi, 20 S\u0131n\u0131f Naf\u0131a Askerli\u011fi, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl ve bir \u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131na s\u0131\u011fabilecek daha nice felaketi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, b\u00fc\u00adt\u00fcn bunlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k pes etmemi\u015f, hayata d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir adam\u0131n, ger\u00e7ek bir survivor\u2019\u0131n, bir verabro\u011f\u2019un hik\u00e2yesi<\/em>, k\u0131saca Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fin hikayesi ve tarihidir.<\/p>\n

1902 do\u011fumlu Kasapyan an\u0131lar\u0131na, akl\u0131n\u0131n erdi\u011finden itibaren ba\u015flar, \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumla ilgili ilk hat\u0131ram, 1908 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki h\u00fcrri\u00adyet g\u00fcn\u00fcne dairdir<\/em>. S\u00f6zleriyle an\u0131lar\u0131na II. Me\u015frutiyet ve me\u015frutiyet\u2019in sa\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 umut e\u015fk etmektedir. \u00a0\u00a0\u0130kinci \u00e7ocukluk an\u0131s\u0131 Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131na dairdir: 1911 \u2019de Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Dokuz ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131m ve haf\u0131zam beni yan\u0131ltm\u0131yorsa ikinci s\u0131n\u0131ftayd\u0131m. Bulgarlar Tekirda\u011f\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiklerinde, askerler bar\u0131nmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn okullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 al\u0131nca okulsuz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. <\/em>\u00c7ocuklu\u011funa dair son an\u0131s\u0131 I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bulgarlar 9 ay sonra \u015fehrimizden ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. Okullar\u0131\u00adm\u0131z tekrar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve ben yeniden okula ba\u015flad\u0131m. <\/em><\/p>\n

1914\u2019te bu defa Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 gelip \u00e7att\u0131. 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131m.<\/em> Sava\u015f ile ba\u015flayan seferberlik ve arkas\u0131ndan gelen tehcir<\/em> ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci, \u00a0k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Abraham\u2019\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda geri d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere \u00e7ocukluktan \u00e7\u0131karacak, ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7inde pi\u015fecektir.1915’in ba\u015f\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet biz Ermenilerin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edil\u00admesini emretti (aksor)<\/em>. O y\u0131llarda Tekirda\u011f\u2019daki Ermeni n\u00fcfusu 18 bindi. Yaln\u0131z 2-3 bin ki\u015fiye, asker ailesi olduk\u00adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in dokunmad\u0131lar. Geri kalan 15-16 bin ki\u015fi, yanla\u00adr\u0131na yaln\u0131z birer yorgan alma izni verilerek yola \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130lk dura\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u0130stanbul Sirkeci\u2019deki, bug\u00fcn Paket Postanesi\u2019nin oldu\u011fu yerdi. \u0130kinci g\u00fcn, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan 300-400 ki\u015fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir gemiyle \u0130zmit\u2019e vard\u0131k\u2026 Bilecik\u2019e vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bizi indirdiler. Orada bir g\u00fcn kald\u0131ktan sonra tekrar trene bindirildik. Bu sefer Kon\u00adya\u2019ya geldik. <\/em>Yol uzad\u0131k\u00e7a durumu daha iyi kavramakta ve bilinmezli\u011fe\u00a0 do\u011fru bir yolculu\u011fu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini alg\u0131lamaktad\u0131rlar: \u00a0Art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz bu yolun hepimizi nas\u0131l bir sona do\u011fru g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sefalet giderek daha fazla ba\u015f g\u00f6steriyordu\u2026<\/em> Bu uzun yolculukta y\u00fcz binlerce insan, peri\u015fan bir hal\u00adde, a\u00e7 biila\u00e7 y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek yol al\u0131yor ve artlar\u0131nda binlerce kur\u00adban b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na gelmi\u015f sevdiklerini yollarda b\u0131rakarak, bilinmeze do\u011fru yol al\u0131yorlard\u0131\u2026<\/em> Bizimle birlikte yayan ge\u00adlen say\u0131s\u0131z insan vard\u0131. Yol \u00fcst\u00fcnde ise binlercesi ekmek dileniyordu\u2026 Velhas\u0131l, Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 duyulmam\u0131\u015f bir zul\u00fcm ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026 Art\u0131k t\u00fcm yeti\u015fkinler bu yolun bizi \u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fini anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar sonra an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinden \u00fcrkt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131lar\u0131 yeterince yans\u0131tamamaktan korkmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Zira kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan durum ve \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131lar tarifsizdir. \u00a0o yoldaki peri\u015fan haller g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne geli\u00adyor. Acaba bunlar\u0131 tasvir edebilir miyim diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ama bunu becerebilmenin benim kalemimin harc\u0131 olma\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yorum\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Arap \u00e7\u00f6llerinin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na geldiklerinde durum daha netle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 \u00a0Bu yolun Ermeniler i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu oldu\u00ad\u011funa \u00a0art\u0131k Ku\u015fku yoktur. A\u00e7l\u0131ktan, hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6lenlerin haddi hesab\u0131 yoktu. \u0130nsanlar o kadar umutsuz durumdayd\u0131 ki, \u00f6lenler i\u00e7in a\u011flayacaklar\u0131 yerde \u201cO da kurtuldu!\u201d diye se\u00adviniyorlard\u0131. Sahibi olanlar tepelere bir yere g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyor; sahipsizler ise g\u00f6m\u00fclmeden \u00f6ylece ortada b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yolculu\u011fun amans\u0131z oldu\u011fu kadar mola yerlerinde onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131klar beklemektedir. Ailede hastal\u0131klar ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir ve kay\u0131plar ba\u015flar. Yirmi iki g\u00fcn Katma denen tren istasyonunun yan\u0131nda kald\u0131k. Pislik o kadar artt\u0131 ki, dizanteri hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6s\u00adterdi. Her g\u00fcn binlerce ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcyordu. Bu s\u0131rada A\u011favni halam da dizanteriden \u00f6ld\u00fc. Onu bulundu\u011fumuz yere, ovan\u0131n bir kenar\u0131na g\u00f6md\u00fck\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Talih burada aileye g\u00fclecek mutlu bir tesad\u00fcf s\u00fcrg\u00fcne burada son verecektir. Kilis kaymakam\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kacak ve bu insan hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmaya vesile olacakt\u0131r. Kilis kaymakam\u0131 eski Malkara kayma\u00adkam\u0131 Ali \u0130hsan Bey[ii]<\/strong><\/a>‘mi\u015f. Bunu duyan Bo\u011fos eni\u015ftem \u00e7ok sevindi. Ali \u0130hsan Bey’in Malkara\u2019da oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde o kadar yak\u0131nlarm\u0131\u015f ki, Kaymakam Tekirda\u011f\u2019a indi\u011finde, ai\u00adlecek eni\u015ftemin evinde misafir olurlarm\u0131\u015f\u2026 <\/em><\/p>\n

Bo\u011fos Eni\u015fte \u00e7ok hasta oldu\u011fundan Kaymakam\u2019a bir haberci g\u00f6nderilir. O s\u00fcre\u00e7te az bulunur bir olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir kaymakam kampa gelerek aileye sahip \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Eni\u015ftem hasta, sa\u00e7\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 darmada\u011f\u0131n, sakallan uzam\u0131\u015f va\u00adziyette, \u00e7ad\u0131rda yat\u0131yordu. Atl\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce hepimiz \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k, adam Bo\u011fos Efendi\u2019ye seslenmemizi s\u00f6yledi. Ko\u015fup haber verince eni\u015ftem \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kaymakam eni\u015ftemi o halde g\u00f6r\u00fcnce surat\u0131 allak bullak oldu, g\u00f6zlerinden bir anda ya\u015flar bo\u015fald\u0131. At\u0131n\u0131n yular\u0131n\u00addan \u00e7ekip s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7ok rica ediyorum Bo\u011fos Efendi, kar\u015f\u0131ma bu vaziyette\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131kma, sizi b\u00f6yle g\u00f6rmek istemiyorum. Yaln\u0131z, bana ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi oldu\u011funuzu s\u00f6yle ki sizi bir haftal\u0131\u011f\u0131na Kilis’e ald\u0131ray\u0131m.\u201d Eni\u015ftem otuz \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6yledi. Kaymakam at\u0131ndan indi, hemen bir izin tezkeresi yaz\u0131p \u00e7ocuklardan bi\u00adrine verdi. Vakit kaybetmeden birka\u00e7 araba tutup Kilis’e, falanca otele gelmemizi s\u00f6yledi ve eni\u015ftemi bulan \u00e7ocu\u011fa 5 kuru\u015f (o zaman \u00e7ok parayd\u0131) verdikten sonra arkas\u0131na bak\u00admadan uzakla\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ermenilere yard\u0131m etmenin su\u00e7 oldu\u011fu o g\u00fcnlerde kaymakam aileye sahip \u00e7\u0131karak onlar\u0131 \u015fehirde evlere yerle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flar. Otuz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fehrin \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 semtine yerle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere yan\u0131m\u0131za bir adam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi. Adam \u00fc\u00e7 ev tutmu\u015ftu bile. Bu evlerde on birer ki\u015fi kala\u00adcakt\u0131k\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir eve yerle\u015fmeleri a\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131na \u00e7are olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem i\u015f yoktur hem de bulduklar\u0131 i\u015f a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa \u00e7are olmamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcnler \u00f6yle \u00e7oktu ki, i\u015f bulup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a \u015f\u00fckrediyorduk. Dilenmek i\u00e7in avu\u00e7 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m ama kendime yediremedi\u011fim i\u00e7in a\u011flayarak geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm g\u00fcnler de olmu\u015ftu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca bir yere yerle\u015fmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 onlar\u0131 onlar\u0131n emniyetini sa\u011flamamakta d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda tehlike devam etmektedir. Abraham babas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir durumda nas\u0131l kurtuldu\u011funu nakleder: Bize nas\u0131l kurtuldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131. Bir sabah, b\u00fct\u00fcn Ermenileri s\u0131raya sokmu\u015flar. \u0130simlerini sormu\u015flar ve bir yere toplam\u0131\u015flar. Babam, \u201cS\u00fcryani\u2019yim\u201d diyenleri serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015f. <\/em>S\u00fcryaniyim diyerek tekrar \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktan kurtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n sonuna kadar tehlike alt\u0131nda, kimi g\u00fcn a\u00e7 kimi g\u00fcn tok ve bir tedirginlikle ya\u015famlar\u0131 devam edecektir.\u00a0 Bir g\u00fcn Almanlar\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f oldukla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0 \u0130ngilizlerin \u00a0Ba\u011fdat\u2019a, Basra’ya vard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyarlar. \u0130ngilizler Halep\u2019e varmaya\u00a0 da gecikmezler.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131ralar, bizden yayan yedi-sekiz saatlik mesafede olan Halep\u2019in ingilizler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini duyduk. Bu haber i\u00e7imize b\u00fcy\u00fck bir korku d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir grup Kilislinin \u015fehirde bulunan 1000-1500 Ermeni\u2019yi bir gece yok etme\u00adyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri dedikodusu ortal\u0131kta dola\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunun \u00fcst\u00fcne bir-iki g\u00fcn evden \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131k. Bir sabah, Hintli \u0130n\u00adgiliz askerlerinin Kilis\u2019e girerek h\u00fck\u00fcmet kona\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiklerini duyduk.<\/em><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k kurtulmu\u015f ve evlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in beklemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u0130stasyonda ki bekleme\u00a0 s\u00fcrecinde Abraham el konulan Ermeni k\u0131zlar\u0131na \u015fahit olur.<\/p>\n

Bir g\u00fcn ya\u015fl\u0131 bir adam yan\u0131ma geldi, bana bir mektup verdi ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fey demeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131. Mektubu a\u00e7madan Bo\u011fos eni\u015fteme g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Bo\u011fos eni\u015ftem zarf\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131 ve mektubu sessizce okudu. Ermenice yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu k\u0131sa notta ne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn bile hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cSevgili babalar, anneler, ablalar ve abiler,<\/em><\/p>\n

Ben Adapazarl\u0131 <\/em>Tulumbac\u0131 Siragan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Sirarpi\u2019yim. \u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk senedir bu k\u00f6ylerin b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nday\u0131m. Beni yan\u0131n\u0131za alman\u0131z\u0131 rica ediyorum.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz komutan\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla k\u0131z\u0131 kurtar\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Bu olaydan iki g\u00fcn sonra lokomotif geldi, bizim vagonlar\u0131 o lokomotife ba\u011flad\u0131lar ve Adana\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131k\u00adt\u0131k. Adana\u2019ya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda hepimiz \u00e7ok mutluyduk. <\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabusun bitmesiyle birlikte Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan Ermeniler geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp ailelerini arama ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Adana, \u00c7\u00f6lden gelenlerin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 istasyonlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce Amerika\u2019ya git\u00admi\u015f olan binlerce gen\u00e7 art\u0131k ailelerini aramak i\u00e7in Ada\u00adna\u2019ya geliyorlard\u0131. \u0130stasyona Halep\u2019ten, \u015eam\u2019dan ve daha uzak \u015fehirlerden her g\u00fcn iki-\u00fc\u00e7 tren ula\u015f\u0131yordu. Ameri\u00adka\u2019dan gelen bu gen\u00e7ler, tren boyunca dizilip, pencereler\u00adden sarkan bi\u00e7are haldeki s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda kendi ailele\u00adrini ar\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu manzaray\u0131 tasvir edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kalem laz\u0131m!<\/em><\/p>\n

Akrabalar\u0131ndan veya ebeveynlerinden birine kavu\u015fan\u00adlar onlara \u00f6yle sar\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131 ki, onlar\u0131 birbirlerinden ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazd\u0131. Daha sonra \u201csorular\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131 ba\u015flard\u0131: \u201cBabama ne oldu?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6ld\u00fc?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cK\u0131z karde\u015fim nerede?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cKa\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cAnnem?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cA\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fc?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Kimi zaman annesini, babas\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131z veya erkek karde\u00ad\u015fini bulanlar da vard\u0131. Bu ac\u0131l\u0131 manzara kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kimse g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na h\u00e2kim olamazd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk sene sonra nihayet evlerine d\u00f6nebilirler, evleri i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fgal sona erdirilip evlerine yerle\u015firler. Ancak kabusun bitti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyemiyoruz. Zira sava\u015f bir ba\u015fka devam etmektedir. Bu s\u0131rada Yunanl\u0131lar Ermenileri aske\u00adre almaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ya\u015f\u0131m 18 oldu\u011fundan beni almad\u0131lar. Bir y\u0131l eni\u015ftemle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ya\u015f\u0131m 19 olmu\u015ftu ve ortal\u0131kta benim ya\u015f\u0131mdakileri de askere ald\u0131klar\u0131na dair s\u00f6ylentiler dola\u015f\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fimden ayr\u0131ld\u0131m. Malkara\u2019dan Ke\u015fan ve Ge\u00adlibolu g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131yla Lapseki\u2019ye ka\u00e7t\u0131m. Oradan da bir vapu\u00adra binerek \u0130stanbul\u2019a vard\u0131m. <\/em>Abraham istanbul\u2019da i\u015f tutmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019in \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n lehine sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yeniden iktidar\u00a0 olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011finden, Yunanlarla birlikte Ermenilerde co\u011frafyalar\u0131n\u0131 terk edenler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0O d\u00f6nemde Trakya\u2019da bulunan Ermenilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019a ka\u00e7t\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. An\u00adnem ve babam da \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yeni d\u00f6nemde i\u015fleri bozulan Abraham \u00fclkeyi terk eder.\u00a0 Yakla\u015f\u0131k yedi y\u0131l Fransa ve Romanya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak 1929 da geri d\u00f6ner. Evlenir. Zorlukla i\u015fyeri sahibi olup kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Gayrim\u00fcslimleri i\u015flerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nan 20 kur\u2019a askerlik uygulamas\u0131 ile \u201caskerli\u011fe\u201d al\u0131n\u0131r. Abraham i\u00e7in \u00e7ile yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1941\u2019de Ermenileri, Rumlar\u0131 ve Yahudileri 22 tertip\u00a0 askere \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar; yani 23\u2019le 45 ya\u015f aras\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn erkekleri… Sava\u015fa girmemi\u015ftik, o halde neden askere al\u0131n\u0131yorduk? Gayrim\u00fcslim evlerinde yine feryat figan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ka\u00e7\u00admak m\u0131, gitmek mi? Tabii ki ka\u00e7mak kolay de\u011fildi. As\u00adkerler evlere gelip insanlar\u0131 topluyorlard\u0131. Dokuz-on g\u00fcn sonra teslim olmaya mecbur kald\u0131m. D\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n i\u015fini e\u015fime b\u0131rak\u0131p yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. Sonumuzun ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Allah bilirdi. Bu yap\u0131landa bir iyi niyet g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorduk.\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00f6ylece naf\u0131a askeri olduk. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir trenle bizi Tuz\u00adla\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp k\u0131\u015flaya yerle\u015ftirdiler.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sonras\u0131nda,\u00a0 kendini bir anda Yozgat\u2019a Anadolu steplerine do\u011fru yol alan tren vagonunda bulacakt\u0131r. Abraham endi\u015fe ve derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler i\u00e7indedir. Sava\u015fa girilmedi\u011fi halde askere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131? \u00a0Neden bizi yuvam\u0131zdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131? Al\u0131n size ikinci s\u00fcrg\u00fcn! Aram\u0131zda o g\u00fcne kadar \u00fc\u00e7 kere askere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olanlar bile vard\u0131. Vagonlar o kadar doluy\u00addu ki, geceleri ayaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 uzatmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak uyuyorduk. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra \u00dcrg\u00fcp denen yerin dibine ge\u00e7esi yere vard\u0131k. Bize verilen \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131 kur\u00adduk, geceyi orada ge\u00e7irdik. \u0130kinci g\u00fcn, yak\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f alt\u0131nda sefil olduk. O k\u00f6yde su denilen \u015fey yoktu. Bir <\/em>matara suya 25 kuru\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcyorduk. Bu paraya o zaman bir kilo et al\u0131\u00adn\u0131yordu\u2026 <\/em>Biz zavall\u0131 \u201casker\u201dlerin hali g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011ferdi. Ara\u00adm\u0131zda y\u00fcr\u00fcyemeyecek halde olanlar da, pamuklar i\u00e7inde p\u0131\u015fp\u0131\u015flanarak yeti\u015fmi\u015f milyonerler de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kafile,\u00a0 kimi yayan kimi zaman kamyon \u00fczerinde Yozgat\u2019a do\u011fru yoluna devam eder.\u00a0 Toplama kamplar\u0131ndan biri olan Yozgat\u2019ta ki \u00c7aml\u0131k b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda\u00a0 8-1 O bin kadar gayrim\u00fcslim asker<\/em> \u00e7ad\u0131rlara y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplama kamp\u0131ndaki askerler\u00a0 250\u2019\u015fer ki\u015filik gruplara ayr\u0131larak, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilirler.\u00a0 Ermeniler say\u0131ca fazla oldu\u011fundan 100 Erme\u00adni, 75 Rum ve 75 Yahudi olmak \u00fczere gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Gruplar farkl\u0131 yerlere gideceklerdir. Gruplar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0 birer komutan bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Gruplarda y\u00fcksek bir dayan\u0131\u015fma vard\u0131r. Din ve mezhep ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grupta daha varl\u0131kl\u0131 olanlar, kumandan\u0131n etra\u00adf\u0131nda toplan\u0131p biraz daha rahat etmek i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 da oldu ve bunlar\u0131n hemen hepsi Ermeni\u2019ydi. Kumandan onlara hafif i\u015fler verdi. Onlardan biri de, sonradan \u00e7ok iyi bir insan oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenece\u011fimiz kuyumcu Diran \u015eennal\u2019d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131nma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0\u00a0 En k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, geceleri h\u00fccum eden milyarlarca <\/em>sivrisinekti. Bu b\u00f6cekler, s\u0131tmaya yakalanmam\u0131za sebep oldular. Bizi s\u0131raya soktuklar\u0131 zamanlarda, beklerken aram\u0131zdan yere y\u0131\u011f\u0131lanlar olurdu. Ben de a\u011f\u0131r bir s\u0131tmaya yakaland\u0131m. Bir hafta tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra \u00e7ad\u0131ra geri g\u00f6nderdiler. Bu arada bitlenmeyen kimse de yoktu. Her g\u00fcn, bu <\/em>pis b\u00f6cek\u00adleri temizlemekle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r, yine de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alamazd\u0131k. K\u0131sa\u00adcas\u0131, hayat bizim i\u00e7in dayan\u0131lmaz bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aylar sonra evine d\u00f6nebilen Abraham Kasapyan\u2019\u0131 devletin bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcrprizi beklemektedir: Varl\u0131k Vergisi.<\/p>\n

O g\u00fcnlerde Varl\u0131k Vergisi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir vergi \u00e7\u0131kaca\u00ad\u011f\u0131na dair dedikodular dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, Maliye\u2019nin duvarlar\u0131na isimlerimizi as\u00admaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bir sabah, \u0130stanbul\u2019da, gayrim\u00fcslimlere kimsenin \u00f6deyemeyece\u011fi kadar y\u00fcksek vergiler geldi\u011fini duyunca b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudum titremeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026 \u00a0T\u00fcm cesaretimi toplayarak Maliye\u2019ye gittim, duvarda ismimi arad\u0131m. 3.600 lira vergi koymu\u015flard\u0131\u2026 Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019ni \u00f6deyemeyen herkes A\u015fkale\u2019ye s\u00fcrg\u00fc\u00adne g\u00f6nderilecekti\u2026 Bir s\u00fcre sonra 78 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki kom\u015fum Asadur Efendi\u2019yi A\u015fkale\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdiler. Asadur Efendi d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131ndakileri on be\u015f-yirmi g\u00fcnde satmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ama yeterli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026 E\u015fim A\u015fkale\u2019ye gitmemi istemiyordu. Sa\u00adhip oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fccevherleri hesaplad\u0131k. Halen 2.600 lira a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131\u2026 G\u00fcnler ge\u00e7erken, vergiyi \u00f6deyemeyenleri gruplar halin\u00adde A\u015fkale\u2019ye g\u00f6nderiyorlard\u0131. A\u015fkale\u2019den gelen haberler bizi titretiyordu. Eksi 20-25 derece so\u011fukta, gen\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 de\u00admeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f. Buna bile \u015f\u00fckrediyorduk, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok daha ba\u015fka \u015feyler olabilece\u011finden korkuyorduk\u2026 Her \u015feyini satarak vergiyi \u00f6demeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hala 200 lira eksi\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kasapyan, kanun g\u00f6mle\u011fi giydirilmi\u015f bu el koyma ve h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 Bu, bize vurulan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl darbe idi.<\/em> Diye tarif edecektir.<\/p>\n

6\/7 Eyl\u00fcl Pogromu ve deh\u015fetini\u00a0 k\u0131z\u0131 janet\u2019in birka\u00e7 c\u00fcmlesiyle \u00f6zetleyelim. <\/em>Babam geldikten bir s\u00fcre sonra yeme\u011fimizi k\u0131z karde\u015fimle bera\u00adber yiyip yatt\u0131k. Uyudu\u011fum yerde babam\u0131n endi\u015feli bir sesle \u201cYava\u015f olun, k\u0131zlar uyanmas\u0131n,\u201d dedi\u011fini duydum. Celal BeyAmca \u201cKorkmay\u0131n, ben buraday\u0131m, size bir\u015fey olmaz\u201d dedi\u011finde hepimiz yataklar\u0131m\u0131zdan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. D\u0131\u015far\u0131daki kalabal\u0131kta sokak arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z da vard\u0131. \u201cPandeli\u2019yi denize att\u0131k,\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 duyduk, kucak dolusu \u00e7atal ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlerine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 izledik. Saat gece yar\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftu\u2026 Gazinocu Mardiros’un s\u00fcnnet edildi\u011fini, resto\u00adrandaki t\u00fcm tabak ve di\u011fer e\u015fyalar\u0131n denize at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyduk. Uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca vapurla B\u00fcy\u00fckdere iskelesinden ge\u00e7\u00adti\u011fimizde o e\u015fyalar\u0131 denizin dibinde g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fck\u2026 Bal\u0131kl\u0131 Rum Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 papaz\u0131n\u0131n da s\u00fcnnet edildi\u011fi\u00adni\u2026 Ama en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc istiklal Caddesi’nde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n

[i]<\/a> Apraham Kasapyan, Ka\u00e7 Ki\u015fisiniz Bo\u011fos Efendi? \u00c7ev. \u00d6jeni H\u00f6ll\u00fcksever, Aras Y. 2015<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> Kilis Kaymakam\u0131 Ali \u0130hsan Bey (kay\u0131tlarda \u0130h\u00adsan Bey), daha sonra Dahiliye Nezareti Kalem-i Mahsusa M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc oldu ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili Halep Valisi Abd\u00fclhalik\u2019in (Renda) su\u00e7 or\u00adta\u011f\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131lanan Abdulahad (Abdullah) Nuri\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen davas\u0131nda ifade verdi. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun resmi gazetesi Takvim-i Vekai\u2019nin 3540. say\u0131s\u0131nda Ali \u0130hsan Bey\u2019in ver\u00addi\u011fi ifadeyle ilgili \u015fu bilgiler yer al\u0131r: \u201cDahiliye Nezareti Kalem-i Mahsusa M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130hsan Bey Kilis Kaymakam\u0131 iken, Dersaadet\u2019ten Halep\u2019e g\u00f6nderilen Abdullahat Nuri Bey\u2019in tehcirin imha maksad\u0131\u00adna m\u00fcstenit bulundu\u011funu ve, \u2018Ben Talat Bey\u2019le temas ettim, imha emirlerini bizzat ald\u0131m. Memleketin selameti bundad\u0131r\u2019 diyerek kendisini de iknaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmektedir.”<\/p>\n

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Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu Apraham\u00a0 Kasapyan\u2019\u0131n, \u00a0Bu devirde, ya\u015fl\u0131, d\u00fcnyaya veda etmekte olan bir ada\u00adm\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00e7ok sevenler bile okumaz, biliyorum. Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n vakti yok ki \u00f6lmekte olan\u0131n hayat\u0131yla ilgilen\u00adsinler. Bunu biliyorum, ama yine de, kendime bir me\u015fgale olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, hat\u0131r\u0131mda kalanlar\u0131 yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u00ad\u011f\u0131m. S\u00f6zleriyle kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tekirda\u011f\u2019dan ba\u015flayan\u00a0 tehcir ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011fu s\u00fcrecinde\u00a0 ve\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":43099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nErmeni Toplumunun Yak\u0131c\u0131 Ya\u015fam M\u00fccadelesi: Ka\u00e7 ki\u015fisiniz Bo\u011fos Efendi? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43098\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermeni Toplumunun Yak\u0131c\u0131 Ya\u015fam M\u00fccadelesi: Ka\u00e7 ki\u015fisiniz Bo\u011fos Efendi? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu Apraham\u00a0 Kasapyan\u2019\u0131n, \u00a0Bu devirde, ya\u015fl\u0131, d\u00fcnyaya veda etmekte olan bir ada\u00adm\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00e7ok sevenler bile okumaz, biliyorum. 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