{"id":43082,"date":"2016-12-12T02:21:40","date_gmt":"2016-12-12T07:21:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43082"},"modified":"2016-12-12T02:21:40","modified_gmt":"2016-12-12T07:21:40","slug":"resmi-tarihin-unutturulan-sayfasi-pontos-rum-soykirimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43082","title":{"rendered":"Resmi tarihin unutturulan sayfas\u0131: Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"sumela\"<\/a>Rupen Varjabedyan<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 son y\u0131llarda biraz daha y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flansa da, 1914-21 aras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019deki Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m neredeyse hi\u00e7 konu\u015fulmuyor. Konuyla ilgili \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bulunan Tamer \u00c7ilingir\u2019in \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: 1914-21 aras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019de ya\u015fananlar\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 Belge Yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u00c7ilingir\u2019le, \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019ni konu\u015ftuk. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n tarihini k\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyebilir misiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik katliamlar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p, 1915\u2019te \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan 1,5 milyon Ermeni ve 300 bine yak\u0131n S\u00fcryani\u2019nin hayat\u0131na mal olan B\u00fcy\u00fck H\u0131ristiyan Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son etab\u0131d\u0131r Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n

1914-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Amasya, Samsun, Giresun\u2019da 134.078, Niksar\u2019da 27.216, Trabzon\u2019da 38.434, Tokat\u2019ta 64.582, Ma\u00e7ka\u2019da 17.479, \u015eebinkarahisar\u2019da 21.448 olmak \u00fczere 1921-23 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ve M\u00fcbadele yollar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden 50 bin insanla birlikte toplam 353 bin Pontoslu Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 1915’teki Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 halen y\u00fcksek sesle olmasa da konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 ancak Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 genellikle bilinmiyor. Bu bilinmezli\u011fin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri nelerdir?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk sorunuza verdi\u011fim yan\u0131tta belirtti\u011fim gibi, soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci 1915 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir ve b\u00f6yle de ele al\u0131nmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli siyasi iktidar\u0131n (Abd\u00fclhamit, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti ve Kemalistler) Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geride kalan son toprak par\u00e7as\u0131ndaki H\u0131ristiyan uluslara y\u00f6nelik pe\u015fi s\u0131ra uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fcnyada e\u015fi benzeri olmayan ve Hitler\u2019e de esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olacak bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir.
\nAncak bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n son etab\u0131n\u0131n yani Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda i\u00e7inde bulunulan konj\u00f6nkt\u00fcrel durum \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ve Rumlar\u0131 t\u00fcmden imha etme etab\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce de \u00f6rne\u011fin sadece Karadeniz\u2019de katledilen Rumlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 150 bine yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samsun\u2019a geli\u015fiyle bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 tamamen yok etme s\u00fcrecine evrilecektir.
\nErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her \u00fclkesinde y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r konu\u015fuluyor, hemen her \u00fclkenin \u00fcniversitelerinde bu konuda akademik binlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma var. Bunun en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri Ermeni ulusunun 20.y\u00fczy\u0131la girilirken hayat\u0131n bir\u00e7ok alan\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olu\u015fudur. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde de bu \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fckler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde seslerini y\u00fckseltmi\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fananlar\u0131 dile getirebilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaybedenler saf\u0131nda yer alan Osmanl\u0131 mahkemeleri bile \u0130ttihat ve Terakkicileri yarg\u0131lay\u0131p mahkum etmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck H\u0131ristiyan Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu evresinde (1915) \u0130ttihat ve Terakkicilerin yol arkada\u015f\u0131 Almanya da su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Almanya ile \u00e7eli\u015fkileri olan daha do\u011frusu Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 cephesinde yer alan ba\u015fta \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z devletleri bu konuda en az\u0131ndan sessiz kalmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle Hrant Dink\u2019in katledilmesinden sonra konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f bir konudur Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131.
\nDevlet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise ink\u00e2r h\u00e2l\u00e2 temel politikad\u0131r.
\nPontoslulara y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fcnyada daha alt tellerden seslendirilmesinin temel nedenlerinden biri, o d\u00f6nem d\u00fcnya siyasetinde \u00f6nemli rol oynayan devletlerin de su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n galibi emperyalist devletlerin ittifak\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ve tabii d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk sosyalist devrimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Sovyetler Birli\u011fi de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni hem siyasi hem askeri destek vererek onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2018Emperyalizme, yedi d\u00fcvele kar\u015f\u0131 bir kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131\u2019 masal\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadeniz kana bulanm\u0131\u015f ve 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan\u2019da yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma neticesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen M\u00fcbadele ile de t\u00fcm olan bitenin \u00fczerine s\u00fcnger \u00e7ekilip, adeta mal de\u011fi\u015ftirir gibi Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan geri kalan topraklardaki Ortodoks Rumlar ile Yunanistan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar yer de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklardan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015ftir. Yani Pontos\u2019taki Rumlar\u0131n soyda\u015f\u0131 Yunanistan bile olan bitenin sorumlular\u0131yla masaya oturup el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Nutuk\u2019 ile tarihi yeni ba\u015ftan yazan Mustafa Kemal\u2019in resmi tarihi bug\u00fcne kadar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 birka\u00e7 ayd\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme haricinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ele\u015ftirilememi\u015f, bu tarihle hesapla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden, B\u00fcy\u00fck H\u0131ristiyan Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk etab\u0131 cumhuriyet \u00f6ncesinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kimi kesimlerce (\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kesim) kabul g\u00f6rebilirken, Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan bahsetmek, cumhuriyeti de san\u0131k sandalyesine oturtaca\u011f\u0131ndan \u2018bilinmezli\u011fini\u2019 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Karadeniz’de Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’na dair bak\u0131\u015f ne y\u00f6nde? Yerelde ciddi bir kimlik ink\u00e2r\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir mi? Bu konuda Trabzon’un \u00f6zel bir hassasiyetle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karadeniz\u2019de demografik yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi\/de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi iddialar\u0131 pek ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tm\u0131yor \u00f6ncelikle bunu belirteyim. 1461 y\u0131l\u0131ndan (Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 Mehmet\u2019in Trabzon\u2019u i\u015fgali) itibaren Osmanl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (tahrir defterleri, salnameler, vb.) ve son M\u00fcbadele sonras\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019dan gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla ilgili \u00e7\u0131kan bir\u00e7ok Cumhuriyet kaynaklar\u0131 bize g\u00f6steriyor ki, 600 y\u0131ld\u0131r Pontos\u2019ta ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfus ya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da 1914-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gibi katledilmi\u015f ya da 1923 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki M\u00fcbadele s\u00fcrecinde oldu\u011fu gibi Pontos\u2019tan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015ftir.
\nM\u00fcbadele ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan geri kalan topraklardan Yunanistan\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen Ortodoks Rumlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon 250 bin ( Pontos\u2019tan gidenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 200 bin civar\u0131ndad\u0131r), Yunanistan gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ise 500 bindir. Ve bu gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131 Pontos\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nOsmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde peyderpey M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreci ile art\u0131k Ortodoks kimli\u011fin tamamen silindi\u011fi Pontos topraklar\u0131nda bug\u00fcn Rumlar art\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kimli\u011fi ile ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.
\n600 y\u0131ll\u0131k zulm\u00fcn ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pontos insan\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 travma elbette sosyoloji biliminin ilgi alan\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca egemenlere kar\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fama m\u00fccadelesi veren bu insanlar, kimi zaman dinlerini kimi zaman dillerini kimliklerini de\u011fi\u015ftirse de hi\u00e7 bir zaman egemenler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenilir olmam\u0131\u015flar ve bu onlara hep hissettirilmi\u015ftir.
\nBu g\u00fcn \u2018Temel f\u0131kralar\u0131\u2019na konu edilerek komikle\u015ftirilip aptal yerine konan, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanan, \u015fivesiyle, burnuyla alay edilen, \u00f6zellikle Trabzon \u00e7evresinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 Rumca konu\u015fanlara \u201cbu dili nerden \u00f6\u011frendiniz\u201d sorular\u0131 sorulan bu insanlara h\u00e2l\u00e2 kendilerine g\u00fcvenilmedi\u011fi hat\u0131rlat\u0131larak \u00f6tekile\u015ftirilmeye devam etmektedir. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle adeta bir toplumsal reflekse d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u2018en iyi T\u00fcrk biziz\u2019, \u2018en iyi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman biziz\u2019 diyerek kendilerini h\u00e2l\u00e2 egemenlere kabul ettirmek i\u00e7im ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedirler y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden kontrgerilla ve Milliyet\u00e7i-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk \u00e7eteleri Karadeniz\u2019de \u00e7ocuklardan katiller yaratma becerisine sahip olabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Pontos\u2019ta ya\u015fayan istisnas\u0131z herkes \u201cAcaba Rum muyuz?\u201d sorusu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r en az\u0131ndan y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r. Bunun b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmek i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fan her ailenin bir sonraki jenerasyonunda bu soru tekrar tekrar mutlaka g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir.
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131kla ilgisi olmayan hatta H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na uygun bir\u00e7ok gelenek Pontos\u2019ta devam etmektedir. \u00c7ok yerde tabutla g\u00f6m\u00fclmek, yumurta boyamak, Kalandar etkinlikleri vb. adetler s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Giysiler, kemen\u00e7e, horon, halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131, yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, e\u011flenceler ise binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k Pontos folklorunun bask\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r.
\nTrabzon\u2019un bu konuda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n da sebebi budur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcn Pontos\u2019un Rum ge\u00e7mi\u015finin en \u00f6nemli izi olarak s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fimiz \u2018Pontos Rumcas\u0131\/Romeyika\u2019 Trabzon\u2019da 300\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayan bir dildir.<\/p>\n

Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’yla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara T\u00fcrkiye’de ne zaman ba\u015fland\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu konuya dair 100 y\u0131l boyunca yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7izili birka\u00e7 makale d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey yoktur. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00d6mer Asan\u2019\u0131n \u2018Pontos K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019 kitab\u0131 Pontos k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk kitab\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Trabzon ve \u00e7evresinde konu\u015fulan dil olan \u2018Romeyika\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmemi\u015f olsa da Pontos\u2019tan \u00e7\u0131kan ilk sestir, \u00f6nemlidir, de\u011ferlidir. Son yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Yunanistan\u2019daki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131 bulan ve bu nedenle de y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin Pontos s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131 bulan bir\u00e7ok aile ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde ciddi bir duyarl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015ftu.
\nYunanistan\u2019dan Pontos\u2019taki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131 arayanlar, Pontos\u2019tan Yunanistan\u2019daki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131 arayan, bunun i\u00e7in ilanlar veren, internet sitelerine yaz\u0131lar yazan insanlar var.
\nPontosla ilgili yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (t\u00fcm\u00fc resmi tarih yanl\u0131s\u0131) kitaplar yok sat\u0131yor, s\u00fcrekli yeni bask\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.
\nBen ve bir ka\u00e7 arkada\u015f\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu konuda hem T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f yay\u0131nlar\u0131 hem Yunanca \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f yay\u0131nlar\u0131 okumaya ba\u015flayarak ayn\u0131 zamanda Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, akademisyen ve yazarlarla ili\u015fki kurarak Pontos\u2019un karanl\u0131k tarihini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in bir ad\u0131m att\u0131k.
\nBen ve arkada\u015flar\u0131m ailelerinin ana dili Pontos Rumcas\u0131\/Romeyika olan insanlar\u0131z. Yani \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzdan itibaren \u2018Biz Rum muyuz?\u2019 sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ve tabii Hrant Dink\u2019in bir Trabzonlu taraf\u0131ndan katledilmesi de bir Trabzonlu olarak beni de sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n\u00dcstelik daha \u00f6nce de bir papaz\u0131n b\u0131\u00e7aklanmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve lin\u00e7lerle an\u0131lan bir \u015fehir olan Trabzonlu olmam, olmam\u0131z, bu konuda beni ve bizi daha da sorumlu hissettirdi. Asl\u0131nda bilimsel temellerini oturtamam\u0131\u015f olmam\u0131za ra\u011fmen sebebini \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fimiz bu durumun ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizle ilgisini bilimsel temellere oturtmak i\u00e7in kollar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131vad\u0131k.
\nNihayet 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra bir ilki ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdik.
\n\u20181. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Sonras\u0131 Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Konferans\u0131\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lan konferansa benimle birlikte Vilasis A\u011fcidis, Fikret Ba\u015fkaya, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i, Ahmet Demirel, Sinan \u00c7ifty\u00fcrek, Mert Kaya, Mahmut Konuk, Theofanis Malkidis, Bask\u0131n Oran, Stergios Thedoridis, Attila Tuygan, Yannis Vasilis Yaylal\u0131 ve Sait \u00c7etino\u011flu gibi isimler kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve sunumlar yapt\u0131lar.
\nY\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra ilk kez Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 akademisyenler, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve yazarlarca dile getirilmi\u015f oldu. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pontoslu, izleyicilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc Pontoslu idi. Televizyonlar, gazeteler, bir\u00e7ok muhalif \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme konferansa kay\u0131ts\u0131z kald\u0131 ama olanaklar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde sosyal medyada konferans canl\u0131 olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok yerinden izlendi.
\nBen \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucu kitab\u0131m\u0131 bitirdim ve Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili ilk kitap olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nSon birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r gen\u00e7 akademisyenler Pontos\u2019a ili\u015fkin ilgilerini belirtiyorlar. Yak\u0131n zamanda bu konuda yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyorum. Devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n, ar\u015fivlerin bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara izin vermeyen tutumlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekler bir bi\u00e7imiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Benim kitab\u0131mdaki bir \u00e7ok belge ve kaynak cumhuriyet tarihi ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e k\u00f6kenlidir mesela. G\u00f6rmek istedikten sonra resmi tarih kaynaklar\u0131 da Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 belgeleriyle dolu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de devlet Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131 her zaman ink\u00e2r etse de 1915’e dair bir fikir beyan ediyordu fakat Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusunda h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin de sessiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu sessizli\u011fin nedenleri olarak neleri verebilirsiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceki sorular\u0131n\u0131zda vermi\u015ftim asl\u0131nda. Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fuyla, kurulu\u015f felsefesiyle ili\u015fkilidir. Belki h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin sessizli\u011fi de\u011fil de, muhalif kesimlerin sessizli\u011fine dair bir ka\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilebilir.
\n\u0130ttihat ve Terakkicilerin ard\u0131ndan Kemalistlerin T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve S\u00fcnni \u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerine \u015fekillendirdikleri ideolojik kimliklerinden ne yaz\u0131k ki kendisine muhalif diyen kesimler de hen\u00fcz kurtulamad\u0131lar.
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kan Yunan ordusunun askerleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir devletle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p yedi d\u00fcvele kar\u015f\u0131 anti-emperyalist bir kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fini iddia ediyor resmi tarih\u00e7iler. Neredeyse y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r bir namuslu tarih\u00e7i de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bu yaland\u0131r demiyor. \u00dcstelik b\u00fct\u00fcn belgeler de ortada, nerde hangi cephede nas\u0131l bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olmu\u015f belli. \u00d6lenlerin, kalanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 belli. Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 denilen \u015feyin ellerindeki tek ordu olan Merkez Ordusu ve \u00e7eteler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Pontoslu Rumlar\u0131 imha etmek oldu\u011funu belgelemek i\u00e7in, sadece TBMM Gizli Meclis Tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131 okumak bile yeterlidir. Bu tarih\u00e7iler bu tutanaklar\u0131 okumam\u0131\u015f olabilir mi 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r? 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f bu belgeler \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan. Tabii bu arada cumhuriyetin ayd\u0131nlanmay\u0131, cahillikten kurtulup, modernle\u015fmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ciddi bir kesim de var. A\u00e7t\u0131, yoksuldu, cahildi Anadolu insan\u0131 diye ba\u015flar ya hep hik\u00e2yeler. 20.y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda okullara, entelekt\u00fcellere, ayd\u0131nlara, doktorlara, m\u00fchendislere, eczac\u0131ya, sanat\u00e7\u0131ya, zanaatkara sahip idi bu topraklar. Hepsini soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreciyle yok edenler, cahillikten \u015fikayet ediyor ne tuhaf.
\nPontos \u015fehirleri opera binalar\u0131, tiyatrolarla dolu idi. 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trabzon Filarmoni Orkestras\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Muhte\u015fem bir Opera binas\u0131 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rumlar taraf\u0131ndan Trabzon\u2019da in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. Nerdeyse her soka\u011f\u0131ndan piyano sesi gelen Trabzon\u2019da 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Le Figaro gazetesinin 150 abonesi var. Golf oynan\u0131yor, kriket oynan\u0131yor Trabzon\u2019da 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda (\u00e7ekilmi\u015f foto\u011fraflar var). Bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019da ka\u00e7 ki\u015fi bilir acaba kriketin ne oldu\u011funu?<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetle birlikte ayd\u0131nl\u0131ktan karanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Pontos kentleri. Bu karanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fle hesapla\u015fma asl\u0131nda cumhuriyetle hesapla\u015fmak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sessizdir bug\u00fcn \u00fclkenin \u201cayd\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d. Bu sessizli\u011fin temel sebebi iktidarlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan imha ve asimilasyonun ve tabii ink\u00e2r\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir politika olu\u015fudur, aksi cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funun me\u015frulu\u011funu reddetmekle \u00f6zde\u015ftir.\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczden de ge\u00e7mi\u015fle hesapla\u015fmamak, hesapla\u015fmak istememek en ak\u0131lc\u0131 yoldur onlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan.\u0130nsan haklar\u0131, adalet, hukuk, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hatta sosyalizm gibi kavramlar\u0131 savunup b\u00f6yle bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz kalmak hatta resmi ideoloji a\u011fz\u0131yla inkar etmenin sebebi de yine daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fim gibi cumhuriyete ve cumhuriyeti kuran d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Kemalizm\u2019e y\u00fcklenen ilerici misyondur.<\/p>\n

\n19 May\u0131s 1919’da Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Samsun’a ayak basmas\u0131 ve Karadenizli Rumlar\u0131n tasfiyesi s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6ylenebilir? Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Topal Osman \u00e7etesinin i\u015flevi nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Samsun\u2019a geli\u015fiyle birlikte ilk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f Topal Osman ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek olur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme Topal Osman g\u00fczellemesi yap\u0131lan onlarca kitapta a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7izilidir. 1919\u2019dan itibaren b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadeniz \u015fehirlerinde Rumlara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131 ve cinayetler giderek artmaya ba\u015flar. Mustafa Kemal, Topal Osman\u2019a t\u00fcm Rumlar\u0131 imha etmek i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterir, talimatlar verir. Bir yandan \u00e7etelerin Rum k\u00f6ylerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrerken ayn\u0131 zamanda Amasya\u2019da Merkez Ordusu ad\u0131nda bir ordu kurulur. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce g\u00f6zlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde Pontos\u2019taki t\u00fcm Ermenilerin katline tan\u0131k olan Rumlar s\u0131ran\u0131n kendilerine geldi\u011finin fark\u0131nda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in partizan gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kar ve direnmeye ba\u015flarlar.
\nHedef Rumlar\u0131n sadece can\u0131 de\u011fil, mallar\u0131 m\u00fclkleri ve servetleridir ayn\u0131 zamanda. TBMM Gizli Meclis tutanaklar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00a0meselenin \u00f6z\u00fc \u2018tenkil ve ya\u011fma\u2019 yani yok etme ve Rumlar\u0131n t\u00fcm mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gasp edilmesidir.
\nAmele Taburlar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri (tehcir) 1911 ve 1915\u2019te oldu\u011fu gibi bir kez daha Merkez Ordusu\u2019nun kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme gelir.
\nT\u00fcm Karadeniz sahili 1921 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u2018sava\u015f alan\u0131\u2019 ilan edilip Rumlar i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flere zorlan\u0131rlar. Amele taburlar\u0131nda en a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flere zorlanan ve a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131lan Rumlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu hastalan\u0131r ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinde de ayn\u0131 ak\u0131bet beklemektedir Rumlar\u0131, son ki\u015fi \u00f6lene dek y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ara\u00a0 vermeden devam edilir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc organize eden askerler geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp yeni gruplarla yeni y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flere devam eder. Bu arada bir\u00e7ok y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f de \u00e7etelerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131larla k\u0131sa s\u00fcrer. Bu konuda da yine TBMM Gizli Meclis Oturumlar\u0131nda milletvekilleri konu\u015fmalar yaparlar.
\nOkullar, okullar\u0131n spor kul\u00fcpleri, tiyatro m\u00fczik kul\u00fcpleri \u00fcyeleri ihanetle su\u00e7lan\u0131p \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri\u2019nin kararlar\u0131yla idam edilirler. Merzifon Koleji\u2019nin futbol tak\u0131m\u0131 oyuncular\u0131 bile idam edilenlerin aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nYa\u015fl\u0131 gen\u00e7 ay\u0131rt edilmeksizin kad\u0131nlara hatta \u00e7ocuklara tecav\u00fcz edilir, \u00e7ete reislerinin ve pa\u015falar\u0131n haremleri Rum gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ile doldurulur. Erkek \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmezler ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelere verilir. Samsun Bafra\u2019da binlerce Pontoslu Rum bo\u011fularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hitler\u2019i hen\u00fcz kimsenin tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, gaz odalar\u0131n\u0131 kimsenin bilmedi\u011fi y\u0131llardan bahsediyorum.
\nKiliselere doldurulup diri diri yak\u0131l\u0131r binlerce insan. Baltalarla kafalar kesilir.
\nT\u00fcm bu uygulamalarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan en \u00f6nemli isim Topal Osman\u2019d\u0131r. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliamlardan dolay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda mahkumiyet karar\u0131 verilmi\u015fken, Pontos\u2019taki katliamlar\u0131n organizasyonunda yer almas\u0131 i\u00e7in albay r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckseltilir. \u00d6ylesine korunmaktad\u0131r ki kimi y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli subaylar\u0131n hakk\u0131nda Meclis\u2019e, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e defalarca \u015fikayet dilek\u00e7esi yollamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen o ac\u0131mas\u0131z katliamlar\u0131na devam eder. Onu destekleyen en \u00f6nemli isimlerden biri olan ve hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 meclise yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmas\u0131na \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn Rumlarda bir devlet mefkuresi vard\u0131r. Fikrimizce, memleketimizdeki Rumlar bir y\u0131land\u0131r. Bu y\u0131lanlar\u0131n zehirleri kad\u0131nlard\u0131r\u201d \u00a0s\u00f6zleriyle ba\u015flayan Merkez Ordusu Komutan\u0131 Nurettin Pa\u015fa\u2019dan da s\u00f6z etmek gerek. Hakk\u0131nda Meclis\u2019te soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lan bu soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 pa\u015fay\u0131 Meclis\u2019teki bu soru\u015fturmaya itiraz ederek onu nas\u0131l kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bizzat Mustafa Kemal Nutuk\u2019ta a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirir. Ko\u00e7giri Kasab\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lan Nurettin Pa\u015fa, Rumlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rumlara destek oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelendi\u011fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da nasibini alacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ard\u0131ndan M\u00fcbadele anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile art\u0131k t\u00fcm Rum mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na el konulup cumhuriyet kurulur.<\/p>\n

Romeyika s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Karadeniz’in da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde Rumcay\u0131 muhafaza eden topluluklar hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6yleyebilirsiniz? Bu dilin gen\u00e7lere aktar\u0131mdan bahsedilebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alman Sosyolog Tessa Hoffman, Trabzon\u2019da 300 k\u00f6yde Pontos Rumcas\u0131 \/Romeyika\u2019n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Cumhuriyetten bug\u00fcne bu dili konu\u015fanlar\u0131n giderek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Da\u011f k\u00f6ylerinde bug\u00fcn ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi anlamakta zorlan\u0131yor. Okula gitmedikleri, \u015fehre inip devlet kurumlar\u0131yla, kasaba ve \u015fehirle ili\u015fki kurmad\u0131klar\u0131, resmi i\u015fleri de genel olarak erkeklerin g\u00f6rmesinden kaynaklanan bir durum bu. Ama ileti\u015fimin bug\u00fcn ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyutla birlikte bu dilin k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu dil bug\u00fcne kadar sadece ailelerin evde konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 bir dil. Cumhuriyet sonras\u0131 asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 ile Rumca \u015fark\u0131lar T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirildi\u011fi i\u00e7in art\u0131k \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 bile Rumca s\u00f6yleyen insan say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok az. Son y\u0131llarda gen\u00e7 birka\u00e7 sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Rumca alb\u00fcmler yapmas\u0131 ise dilin ya\u015famas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir geli\u015fme olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca yak\u0131nda kitap olarak yay\u0131nlanacak bir Romeyika s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haz\u0131rland\u0131. Yine internet ortam\u0131nda bu dili ya\u015fatmak i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan siteler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla en az\u0131ndan belli bir kesim m\u00fccadele ediyor. Bu dilin ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul ve Ankara\u2019da dernek kurma giri\u015fiminde olan insanlar var.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/17222\/resmi-tarihin-unutturulan-sayfasi-pontos-rum-soykirimi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rupen Varjabedyan Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 son y\u0131llarda biraz daha y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flansa da, 1914-21 aras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019deki Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m neredeyse hi\u00e7 konu\u015fulmuyor. Konuyla ilgili \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bulunan Tamer \u00c7ilingir\u2019in \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: 1914-21 aras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019de ya\u015fananlar\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 Belge Yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u00c7ilingir\u2019le, \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019ni konu\u015ftuk. Pontos Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n tarihini k\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyebilir misiniz? 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":43083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54,71,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nResmi tarihin unutturulan sayfas\u0131: Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=43082\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Resmi tarihin unutturulan sayfas\u0131: Pontos Rum Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rupen Varjabedyan Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 son y\u0131llarda biraz daha y\u00fcksek sesle konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flansa da, 1914-21 aras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019deki Pontos Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m neredeyse hi\u00e7 konu\u015fulmuyor. Konuyla ilgili \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bulunan Tamer \u00c7ilingir\u2019in \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: 1914-21 aras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019de ya\u015fananlar\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 Belge Yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u00c7ilingir\u2019le, \u2018Pontos Ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019ni konu\u015ftuk. 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