{"id":42459,"date":"2016-10-26T04:02:41","date_gmt":"2016-10-26T09:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459"},"modified":"2016-10-26T04:02:41","modified_gmt":"2016-10-26T09:02:41","slug":"adanadan-buenos-airese-uzun-bir-yolculuk-arjantinde-ermeni-diasporasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459","title":{"rendered":"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"arjantinde-ermeni-diasporasi\"<\/a>Or\u00e7un Ergun<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Profesyonel rehber Or\u00e7un Urgun, Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerine ili\u015fkin merak\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu \u00fclkelere yo\u011fun olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Ermenilerle ilgilenmi\u015f bir isim. Daha \u00f6nce sayfalar\u0131m\u0131zda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Brezilya Ermenileri\u2019ni tan\u0131tan Urgun\u2019la bu kez Arjantin Ermeni Diasporas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesine yolculuk ediyoruz. Her durak, birbirinden k\u0131ymetli bilgi ve deneyimlerle y\u00fckl\u00fc\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lan Ermeniler gittikleri her yerde hayatta kalabilmek ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadele verdi. Kimileri g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Avrupa \u00fclkelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rken, kimileri yeni bir hayat kurma umuduyla uzun mesafeler kat etmek zorunda kald\u0131. \u0130\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekici k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Latin Amerika da yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7may\u0131 umut edenlerin tercihi oldu.<\/p>\n

Ancak okyanusun di\u011fer yakas\u0131 zorluklarla doluydu; vard\u0131klar\u0131 topra\u011fa di\u011fer t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131ndan daha da yabanc\u0131yd\u0131lar. Yeni diller \u00f6\u011frendiler, yeni i\u015fler kurdular, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ya\u015fatmak ve kolektif haf\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ad\u0131na on y\u0131llarca u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131lar. G\u00f6\u00e7lerinin \u00fczerinden y\u00fczy\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Art\u0131k \u2018adapte\u2019 bir topluluk olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015famlar\u0131na devam ediyorlar. Bu \u00fclkelerin aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlisi \u015f\u00fcphesiz, Arjantin. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 70.000\u2019e yak\u0131n Ermeni n\u00fcfusuyla Arjantin; \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck dokuzuncu, Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck Ermeni diasporas\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Sadece ba\u015fkent Buenos Aires\u2019te bir\u00e7ok Ermeni kilisesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten yirmiye yak\u0131n dernek ve Ermeni cemaatine ait yedi tane \u00f6zel okul bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ilkin 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda tan\u0131yan Arjantin, diasporan\u0131n ekonomik ve politik olarak en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden biri. Ayn\u0131 k\u0131tadaki di\u011fer diasporalardan farkl\u0131 olarak Arjantin Ermeni diasporas\u0131, entelekt\u00fcel geli\u015fimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f bir topluluk. Buradaki Ermeniler say\u0131ca fazla olman\u0131n avantaj\u0131n\u0131 kullanabildiklerinden, dillerini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ayakta tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015fler. \u00d6te yandan, Kafkas k\u00f6kenli bir halk olu\u015flar\u0131, Arjantin\u2019in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011fini olu\u015fturan ba\u015fta \u0130spanyol ve \u0130talyanlar olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplarca ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanan bir durum. Yerlilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde Ermeniler; mutfak k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, dilleri, y\u00f6resel kost\u00fcmleri ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc tarihleri ile neredeyse \u2018egzotik\u2019 bir topluluk. Y\u00fcksek tirajl\u0131 ayl\u0131k dergiler Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine dosyalara yer veriyor, \u00fcniversitelerin sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan akademisyenlerle dolu, Buenos Aires\u2019in en \u00fcnl\u00fc lokantalar\u0131nda Ermeni mutfa\u011f\u0131ndan yemekler yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimden Brezilya, Uruguay ve \u015eili\u2019de ya\u015fayan Ermeni topluluklar\u0131 da faydalan\u0131yor. Arjantin\u2019in \u00f6nemli gazetelerinden Sardarabad, t\u0131pk\u0131 Agos gibi haftal\u0131k bas\u0131l\u0131yor, \u0130spanyolca ve Ermenice olmak \u00fczere iki dilde yay\u0131n yap\u0131yor. 1975\u2019ten bu yana kesintisiz olarak yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na devam eden bu gazete Ermenistan ve diaspora \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberlerle hem Arjantin Ermeni cemaatinin hem de di\u011fer Latin Amerika Ermeni topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca bilgi kaynaklar\u0131ndan birisi.<\/p>\n

Uzak yak\u0131n kom\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermenilerin bundan y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlere a\u00e7an bu \u00fclkeye kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Arjantin\u2019in ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na destek vererek \u00f6dediklerini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Var\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan in\u015faat, mobilya, kuyumculuk, ayakkab\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, madencilik, dokuma ve dekorasyon gibi farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Ermeniler Arjantin\u2019in geli\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine en az \u0130spanyollar ve \u0130talyanlar kadar katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise \u00fclkenin deri ve tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Ermenilerce y\u00f6netiliyor; Arjantin\u2019in d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc derisini Mara\u015fl\u0131 ustalar i\u015fliyor.<\/p>\n

Arjantin haritalarda uzak g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de bize sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131n. 1915\u2019in ard\u0131ndan Kilikya b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n Arjantin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Adana, Mara\u015f ve Antep\u2019ten g\u00f6\u00e7en Ermeniler bilhassa ba\u015fkent Buenos Aires\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015fler. \u00d6yle ki, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arjantin\u2019de yap\u0131lan gayr\u0131 resmi bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Buenos Aires\u2019te ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i Adanal\u0131. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin kurdu\u011fu Ha\u00e7inli (Saimbeyli, Adana) Ermeniler Derne\u011fi (Uni\u00f3n de Residentes Armenios de Hadjin) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 faaliyet g\u00f6steren derneklerden yaln\u0131zca biri. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Ermenilerin evlerinden uzaktaki bu \u00fclkede ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 basit bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131.<\/p>\n

9 Temmuz 1816\u2019da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkelerin boyunduru\u011fundan kurtularak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Arjantin, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda geli\u015fmekte olan bir \u00fclkeydi. Ekilebilir u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z bir arazinin \u00fczerine kurulu bu \u00fclke, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k potansiyelinden tamam\u0131yla faydalanmak istiyordu. \u00d6te yandan \u015fehir merkezlerindeki imar faaliyetleri, yeni i\u015f kollar\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Liman, demiryolu, kald\u0131r\u0131m ve kanalizasyon in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in gen\u00e7 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne, daha \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. Bu sebepten Arjantin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131\u2019 politikas\u0131 izleyerek, \u00fclkeye g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc te\u015fvik edici ve kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 baz\u0131 yasalar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1853\u2019te yay\u0131nlanan bir kararnameyle Arjantin\u2019e yerle\u015fmek isteyen t\u00fcm bireyler ve ailelerine yerel vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ile e\u015fit sosyal haklar tan\u0131nd\u0131. Ermenilerin g\u00f6\u00e7 i\u00e7in Arjantin\u2019i tercih edi\u015finin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebi bu misafirperver tav\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7iler Ermenilerin Arjantin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc genellikle \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda inceler. \u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7, 1910-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc. 1917-1921 Rus \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan ka\u00e7an Ermeniler de bu gruba dahildi. G\u00f6rece az say\u0131daki Ermeni k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015f ilkin Buenos Aires\u2019e yerle\u015fti ve burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130kinci ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 1923-1940 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u00c7o\u011fu Adana, Antep, Mara\u015f, \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden, yerlerinden edilen Ermenilerden olu\u015fan bu grup daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f akraba yahut arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Son grupsa 1940-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 Arjantin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Ermenilerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en Ermenilerle 1979 \u0130ran \u0130slam Devrimi\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan \u0130ran\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en Ermeniler bu gruba dahil g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Arjantin\u2019e gemiyle yolculuk duraks\u0131z ve tek seferde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmiyordu. \u00c7o\u011funlukla Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu limanlar\u0131ndan kalkan gemiler, K\u0131br\u0131s ve Yunanistan\u2019a u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra Arjantin\u2019e do\u011fru yola koyuluyordu. G\u00f6\u00e7enlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 1915\u2019in ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerindeki yetimhanelere yerle\u015ftirilen \u00f6ks\u00fczlerdi. Bu \u00e7ocuklar genellikle Fransa\u2019ya gidiyor, burada yeterli paray\u0131 biriktirdikten sonra Arjantin\u2019e giden bir gemiye biniyorlard\u0131. Zira Buenos Aires\u2019e gelen gemilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Marsilya liman\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Arjantin limanlar\u0131na varan Ermeni n\u00fcfusuna dair say\u0131sal bilgi vermek zor. L\u00fcbnan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Suriye gibi Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinden Arjantin\u2019e gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler, \u2018los turcos\u2019 (T\u00fcrkler) denilerek, etnik kimlikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmadan tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131yordu. G\u00f6\u00e7 d\u00f6nemindeki Ermeni n\u00fcfusuna dair resmi kayda sahip tek birim, \u015fehirdeki Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi\u2019ydi. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131 kilise kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sadece bu y\u0131lda 9.400 Ermeni k\u00f6kenli g\u00f6\u00e7men Arjantin\u2019e giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yeni hayat<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tah\u0131l, et ve y\u00fcn ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Arjantin bilhassa \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fmak isteyen g\u00f6\u00e7menlere destek kredileri sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bu sebeple ilk Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menler sadece \u015fehir merkezlerine de\u011fil, k\u0131rsal kesimlere de yerle\u015fti. \u015eehir merkezine yerle\u015fenlerse genelde ticaret ve i\u015fportac\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamaktayd\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Arjantin\u2019e gelen bu ilk ku\u015fak her pazar Buenos Aires\u2019te Yahudi bir \u0130zmirli taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen Esmirna adl\u0131 bir kafede bulu\u015fuyordu. Cemaate ait ilk kilise ve okullar bu g\u00f6\u00e7menler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. B\u00f6ylece 1923\u2019te ba\u015flay\u0131p yirmi y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcrecek ikincil ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bilhassa Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7en ikinci grup, ilk g\u00f6\u00e7enlerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar sayesinde Arjantin\u2019e yerle\u015febildi. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Buenos Aires ve \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fen bu topluluk, hem \u015fehrin ticari hayat\u0131n\u0131n canlanmas\u0131na sebep oldu hem de b\u00fcy\u00fck imar projelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkenin in\u015fas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019lu y\u0131llara dek kirada oturan Ermeniler bu tarihten sonra kendi arazilerini sat\u0131n almaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130lk evlerini kullan\u0131lmayan mobilyalardan elde ettikleri ah\u015fap par\u00e7alar\u0131yla yapt\u0131lar. Tu\u011fla pahal\u0131yd\u0131, iklim olduk\u00e7a nemli oldu\u011fundan tu\u011flalar\u0131 kurutarak \u00fcretemiyorlard\u0131. Birka\u00e7 aile bir araya gelerek sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz metrekarelik arsalara in\u015fa ettikleri ah\u015fap evlerde hep beraber ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geldikleri yerde \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ekip bi\u00e7meyi biliyordu ancak \u015fehir merkezinde arazi pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bundan ferag\u00e2t etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Buenos Aires pahal\u0131 bir \u015fehirdi ve Arjantin\u2019in di\u011fer \u00fclkeler gibi yerle\u015fik bir g\u00f6\u00e7men politikas\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, g\u00f6\u00e7menler uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 ve i\u015f kollar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yor yahut nereye yerle\u015fmeleri, hangi i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda tavsiye alam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu geli\u015fig\u00fczellik g\u00f6\u00e7menlere bir nebze \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tan\u0131sa da i\u015f bulmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve Ermeni n\u00fcfusun tek bir noktada, Buenos Aires\u2019te yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde Buenos Aires\u2019in merkez semtlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Ermeni\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi: \u201cD\u00f6rt, be\u015f ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 oday\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorduk. Lima\u2019da pazaryerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum, i\u015fime yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in San Telmo\u2019da di\u011ferleriyle kal\u0131yordum. D\u0131\u015far\u0131da ah\u015faptan bozma bir mutfa\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131, burada bulgur ve pirin\u00e7 pilav\u0131 pi\u015firip \u00fczerinde ya\u011f eritirdik, bunu ha\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z asma ya da paz\u0131 yapraklar\u0131na sarard\u0131k. San Telmo\u2019da bir odan\u0131n ayl\u0131k kiras\u0131 40 pezoydu, yevmiyemiz ise 4 pezo…\u201d<\/p>\n

Sanc\u0131l\u0131 zamanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, t\u00fcm bu zorluklara d\u00f6nemin siyasi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 da eklemek gerek. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 global kriz, Arjantin politik ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da etki alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arjantin tarihinde 30\u2019lar krizi yahut \u2018decada infame\u2019 (on berbat y\u0131l) olarak bilinen s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan herkes i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftu. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1930\u2019da d\u00f6nemin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hip\u00f3lito Yrigoyen askeri bir darbeyle devrilince, \u00fclke ekonomisi alt\u00fcst oldu. \u00dclkenin i\u00e7 kesiminde ya\u015fayan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131, bilhassa Buenos Aires \u00e7evresinde onlarca gecekondu semti olu\u015ftu. On y\u0131l boyunca kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sindirildi, \u00fclke politik skandallarla \u00e7alkaland\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 fobik ve agresif bir tav\u0131r sergilendi. 4 Haziran 1943\u2019te ba\u015fka bir askeri darbeyle sona eren bu d\u00f6nem, t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menler gibi Ermenileri de topraklar\u0131ndan etti, i\u015f kolu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ve bir kez daha yeniden ba\u015flamaya zorlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Her ko\u015fulda birbirlerine destek olan Ermeniler, 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n kaotik ikliminden sa\u011f kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 her sekt\u00f6rde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi. 1926\u2019da Buenos Aires ticaret odas\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 9 Ermeni i\u015f yeri varken, bu say\u0131 1941\u2019de 250 i\u015f yerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lk ku\u015fak Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131 genelde diki\u015f ve temizlik gibi i\u015flerle ev ekonomisine katk\u0131da bulunurken, ikinci ku\u015fakta bu durum de\u011fi\u015fti; kad\u0131nlar da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeye ve bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ermenilerin en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u015f kolu \u015f\u00fcphesiz tekstil ve ayakkab\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131. Bilhassa \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en Ermeniler, bu sekt\u00f6rlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterip kendi i\u015f yerlerini kurmu\u015ftu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Arjantin\u2019in hemen her \u015fehrinde \u015fubeleri bulunan Armen Bergamal\u0131 ailesine ait Danubio ve Sarkis & Hovannes Diyarbekirian taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Atlantidas gibi tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ma\u011fazalar\u0131, Ermenilerin evlerinden uzaktaki bu \u00fclkedeki ticari ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ni\u015fanesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin ard\u0131ndan elli y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fccadele veren Ermeniler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu Arjantin\u2019e kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fip yeni bir hayat kurdular. Bug\u00fcn, Arjantin\u2019in en sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen etnik topluluklar\u0131ndan biri olarak ya\u015famlar\u0131na devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Halen Arjantin\u2019deki Ermenilerin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i Buenos Aires \u015fehrinde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkentin sundu\u011fu i\u015f ve e\u011fitim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan yararlanmak isteyen Ermeniler, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne hep bu \u015fehre yerle\u015fmi\u015f. Yo\u011fun olarak bulunduklar\u0131 semt ise Palermo Viejo. Bug\u00fcn Buenos Aires\u2019in en turistik ve g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 yerlerinden biri olan Palermo Viejo, \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm Ermeniler i\u00e7in manevi bir de\u011fere sahip. Bu semtteki Armenia yani Ermenistan adl\u0131 cadde ve \u00e7evresi, Ermenilerin uzun y\u0131llar kesintisiz olarak yerle\u015fim g\u00f6sterdikleri bir muhit. Arjantin\u2019in en \u00f6nemli Ermeni Kilisesi olan Aziz Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor Kilisesi (Iglesia Apost\u00f3lica San Gregorio El Iluminador) ve bu kiliseye ba\u011fl\u0131, ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan okul da bu cadde \u00fczerinde yer al\u0131yor. 10 Nisan 1938\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flayan bu kilise, diasporadaki \u00e7o\u011fu kilise gibi Yerevan Katedrali\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kopyas\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Aziz Krikor\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ysa elbette \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Aziz Krikor Lusavori\u00e7, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n resmi dini olu\u015funa b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu ve Ermeni Apostolik Kilise\u2019nin ilk resmi \u00f6nderiydi.<\/p>\n

Halen Arjantin\u2019deki Ermenilerin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i Buenos Aires \u015fehrinde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkentin sundu\u011fu i\u015f ve e\u011fitim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan yararlanmak isteyen Ermeniler, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne hep bu \u015fehre yerle\u015fmi\u015f. Yo\u011fun olarak bulunduklar\u0131 semt ise Palermo Viejo. Bug\u00fcn Buenos Aires\u2019in en turistik ve g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 yerlerinden biri olan Palermo Viejo, \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm Ermeniler i\u00e7in manevi bir de\u011fere sahip.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kilisenin fresklerini boyayan Baltasar Ayvazian Buenos Aires\u2019in ikinci ku\u015fak Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinden birisi. 1869\u2019da Adana\u2019da do\u011fan Baltasar Ayvazian, Adana St. Paul Koleji\u2019nde e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1909-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 yetim karde\u015fleriyle beraber \u00f6nce Rodosto\u2019ya (Tekirda\u011f) ard\u0131ndan \u0130zmir\u2019e s\u00fcr\u00fclen Ayvazian, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u0130stanbul\u2019da kald\u0131ktan sonra buradan Almanya\u2019ya gitmi\u015f. M\u00fcnih\u2019te resim e\u011fitimi ald\u0131ktan sonra Stuttgart Plastik Sanatlar Akademisi\u2019ne kabul edilmi\u015f, her nas\u0131lsa 1923\u2019te Buenos Aires\u2019e giden bir gemiye binerek buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f. Cemaat i\u00e7erisinde faal bir rol \u00fcstlenen Ayvazian, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ermeni okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ilk Ermenice \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden birisiydi. E\u015fsiz bir \u00fcslupla boyad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in hayat\u0131ndan sahneler, on iki havari, d\u00f6rt \u0130ncil yazar\u0131, Aziz Krikor freskleri kiliseyi Buenos Aires\u2019in turistik noktalar\u0131ndan biri haline getirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Buenos Aires\u2019te ya\u015fayan Ortodoks Ermenilerin say\u0131ca Katolik ve Evangelist Ermenilerden fazla olu\u015fu bu kiliseyi \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka unsur. Cemaat \u00fcyeleri her pazar burada bulu\u015fuyor ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerini bu kilisede yap\u0131yor. Ba\u015fepiskopos Kissag Mouradian, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015eili\u2019deki Ermenilerin de resmi lideri. Ruhani otoritenin \u00f6tesinde politik bir g\u00fcce de sahip. Cemaat ve yerel y\u00f6netim aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim \u00e7o\u011funlukla onun \u00f6nderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Kilise \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u015f ve kalacak yer bulma konusunda da cemaat \u00fcyelerine yard\u0131mda bulunuyordu ve \u015fehirdeki t\u00fcm Ermenileri bulu\u015fturan sosyal bir mekand\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu Katolik kiliseye mensup bir toplumda Ortodoks bir cemaat olan Ermeniler, asimilasyondan di\u011fer t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden daha \u00e7ok korkuyorlard\u0131. Dillerinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin di\u011fer topluluklara benzemiyor olu\u015fu, Ermenileri k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimliklerini koruma konusunda daha hassas k\u0131ld\u0131. Kiliseye birle\u015fik bir binada hizmet veren Aziz Krikor Okulu da bu kayg\u0131yla 1932\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015flarda sadece Ermeni k\u00f6kenli \u00f6\u011frencileri kabul eden bu okul, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda her kesimden \u00f6\u011frenciye kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ilk ve orta \u00f6\u011fretimde e\u011fitim veren Aziz Krikor Okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i Ermeni ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131. E\u011fitim kalitesinin ve ba\u015far\u0131 d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi di\u011fer ailelerin de bu okulu tercih etmesine sebep olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Palermo Viejo\u2019daki Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli mek\u00e2n Ermenistan Meydan\u0131 \u2018La Plaza Armenia\u2019. Kilise ve okula olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n olan bu meydan, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar eski evler ve tamirci d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile \u00e7evriliymi\u015f. Sonradan yeniden imar edilmi\u015f ve Buenos Aires kent meclisi taraf\u0131ndan Ermenilerin \u015fehre katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 onurland\u0131rmak ad\u0131na b\u00f6yle adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bug\u00fcn etraf\u0131 kafe ve barlarla \u00e7evrili, ayr\u0131ca her hafta bir el sanatlar\u0131 pazar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Meydan\u0131n en ilgi \u00e7ekici yap\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkteki ha\u00e7kar an\u0131t\u0131. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 Grigor Baghumyan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu ha\u00e7kar Ermenistan\u2019dan getirilmi\u015f. 2015\u2019te yap\u0131lan bir t\u00f6renle resmen a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. An\u0131t ta\u015f olarak bir kitabe ya da heykel yerine ha\u00e7kar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, Arjantin\u2019de ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin tarihi k\u00f6kenlerini vurgulamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli. Meydan ve ha\u00e7kar bug\u00fcn de Arjantin Ermenileri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini korumaya devam ediyor.K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan<\/p>\n

Buenos Aires\u2019in aksine Arjantin\u2019in i\u00e7 ve da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde yer alan C\u00f3rdoba, \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci \u015fehri. Bilhassa tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menler, arazi bu \u015fehirde daha ucuz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015fler. Rivayete g\u00f6re buradaki arazi ve iklim, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri yerdekine \u00e7ok benzedi\u011finden, C\u00f3rdoba\u2019y\u0131 pek sevmi\u015fler. \u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7enler arazi fiyatlar\u0131ndaki ucuzluktan yararlan\u0131p, daha sonra gelecek akrabalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de yer sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015flar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 8.000\u2019den fazla Ermeni burada ya\u015famakta.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3rdoba\u2019y\u0131 konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan buradaki Ermenilerin \u015fehir merkezinden g\u00f6rece uzak bir semtte bir arada ya\u015f\u0131yor olmalar\u0131. Pueyrred\u00f3n ad\u0131 verilen bu semtin n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 20.000 ve neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden olu\u015fuyor. Bu birliktelik cemaat i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli. Zira g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 10\u2019lu ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcren gen\u00e7 nesil 4. ku\u015fak Ermeniler i\u00e7in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerin korunmas\u0131 Buenos Aires gibi metropollerde daha zor iken C\u00f3rdoba\u2019da durum farkl\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buradaki Ermenilerin g\u00f6\u00e7lerinden bu yana hep ayn\u0131 yerde ya\u015f\u0131yor olu\u015fu, bir tak\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerin yeni nesle aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Burada do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar Ermeni okuluna g\u00f6nderiliyor, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Ermenilerin oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7evrede b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve bireyler aras\u0131nda Ermenicenin kullan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u2018Ermeni olma duygusu\u2019, C\u00f3rdoba\u2019da hissedilebilir bir seviyede.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler bu \u015fehrin en eski g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131ndan birisi. 1950\u2019lerden sonra \u015fehrin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flar. C\u00f3rdoba il parlamentosu, 6 Eyl\u00fcl 2005\u2019te 24 Nisan\u2019\u0131 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kabul eden bir yasa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. \u015eehirde birden fazla Ermeni kilisesi var. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi cemaatin kendi aras\u0131nda para toplayarak 1925\u2019te in\u015fa etti\u011fi Surp Kevork Kilisesi. Bah\u00e7esinde ayn\u0131s\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da bulunan bir me\u015fale heykeli olan bu kilise, Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en eski Ermeni kilisesi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine de sahip. Kiliseyle ayn\u0131 yerde bulunan Sahag Mesrob Okulu da h\u00e2l\u00e2 e\u011fitim vermeye devam ediyor. Pueyrred\u00f3n sokaklar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Ermenice kursu ya da Ermeni folklorik dans merkezleri bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Yasa \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fmak isteyen g\u00f6\u00e7menlere destek kredileri sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bu sebeple ilk Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menler sadece \u015fehir merkezlerine de\u011fil, k\u0131rsal kesimlere de yerle\u015fti. \u015eehir merkezine yerle\u015fenlerse genelde ticaret ve i\u015fportac\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamaktayd\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Arjantin\u2019e gelen bu ilk ku\u015fak her pazar Buenos Aires\u2019te Yahudi bir \u0130zmirli taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen Esmirna adl\u0131 bir kafede bulu\u015fuyordu. Cemaate ait ilk kilise ve okullar bu g\u00f6\u00e7menler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. B\u00f6ylece 1923\u2019te ba\u015flay\u0131p yirmi y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcrecek ikincil ve b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131k yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bilhassa Anadolu topraklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7en ikinci grup, ilk g\u00f6\u00e7enlerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar sayesinde Arjantin\u2019e yerle\u015febildi. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Buenos Aires ve \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fen bu topluluk, hem \u015fehrin ticari hayat\u0131n\u0131n canlanmas\u0131na sebep oldu hem de b\u00fcy\u00fck imar projelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkenin in\u015fas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019lu y\u0131llara dek kirada oturan Ermeniler bu tarihten sonra kendi arazilerini sat\u0131n almaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130lk evlerini kullan\u0131lmayan mobilyalardan elde ettikleri ah\u015fap par\u00e7alar\u0131yla yapt\u0131lar. Tu\u011fla pahal\u0131yd\u0131, iklim olduk\u00e7a nemli oldu\u011fundan tu\u011flalar\u0131 kurutarak \u00fcretemiyorlard\u0131. Birka\u00e7 aile bir araya gelerek sat\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz metrekarelik arsalara in\u015fa ettikleri ah\u015fap evlerde hep beraber ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geldikleri yerde \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ekip bi\u00e7meyi biliyordu ancak \u015fehir merkezinde arazi pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bundan ferag\u00e2t etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Buenos Aires pahal\u0131 bir \u015fehirdi ve Arjantin\u2019in di\u011fer \u00fclkeler gibi yerle\u015fik bir g\u00f6\u00e7men politikas\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, g\u00f6\u00e7menler uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 ve i\u015f kollar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yor yahut nereye yerle\u015fmeleri, hangi i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda tavsiye alam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu geli\u015fig\u00fczellik g\u00f6\u00e7menlere bir nebze \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tan\u0131sa da i\u015f bulmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve Ermeni n\u00fcfusun tek bir noktada, Buenos Aires\u2019te yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde Buenos Aires\u2019in merkez semtlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Ermeni\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi: \u201cD\u00f6rt, be\u015f ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 oday\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorduk. Lima\u2019da pazaryerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum, i\u015fime yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in San Telmo\u2019da di\u011ferleriyle kal\u0131yordum. D\u0131\u015far\u0131da ah\u015faptan bozma bir mutfa\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131, burada bulgur ve pirin\u00e7 pilav\u0131 pi\u015firip \u00fczerinde ya\u011f eritirdik, bunu ha\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z asma ya da paz\u0131 yapraklar\u0131na sarard\u0131k. San Telmo\u2019da bir odan\u0131n ayl\u0131k kiras\u0131 40 pezoydu, yevmiyemiz ise 4 pezo…\u201d<\/p>\n

Sanc\u0131l\u0131 zamanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, t\u00fcm bu zorluklara d\u00f6nemin siyasi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 da eklemek gerek. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 global kriz, Arjantin politik ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da etki alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arjantin tarihinde 30\u2019lar krizi yahut \u2018decada infame\u2019 (on berbat y\u0131l) olarak bilinen s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan herkes i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftu. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1930\u2019da d\u00f6nemin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hip\u00f3lito Yrigoyen askeri bir darbeyle devrilince, \u00fclke ekonomisi alt\u00fcst oldu. \u00dclkenin i\u00e7 kesiminde ya\u015fayan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131, bilhassa Buenos Aires \u00e7evresinde onlarca gecekondu semti olu\u015ftu. On y\u0131l boyunca kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sindirildi, \u00fclke politik skandallarla \u00e7alkaland\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 fobik ve agresif bir tav\u0131r sergilendi. 4 Haziran 1943\u2019te ba\u015fka bir askeri darbeyle sona eren bu d\u00f6nem, t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menler gibi Ermenileri de topraklar\u0131ndan etti, i\u015f kolu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ve bir kez daha yeniden ba\u015flamaya zorlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Her ko\u015fulda birbirlerine destek olan Ermeniler, 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n kaotik ikliminden sa\u011f kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 her sekt\u00f6rde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi. 1926\u2019da Buenos Aires ticaret odas\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 9 Ermeni i\u015f yeri varken, bu say\u0131 1941\u2019de 250 i\u015f yerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lk ku\u015fak Ermeni kad\u0131nlar\u0131 genelde diki\u015f ve temizlik gibi i\u015flerle ev ekonomisine katk\u0131da bulunurken, ikinci ku\u015fakta bu durum de\u011fi\u015fti; kad\u0131nlar da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeye ve bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ermenilerin en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u015f kolu \u015f\u00fcphesiz tekstil ve ayakkab\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131. Bilhassa \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en Ermeniler, bu sekt\u00f6rlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterip kendi i\u015f yerlerini kurmu\u015ftu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Arjantin\u2019in hemen her \u015fehrinde \u015fubeleri bulunan Armen Bergamal\u0131 ailesine ait Danubio ve Sarkis & Hovannes Diyarbekirian taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Atlantidas gibi tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ma\u011fazalar\u0131, Ermenilerin evlerinden uzaktaki bu \u00fclkedeki ticari ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ni\u015fanesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin ard\u0131ndan elli y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fccadele veren Ermeniler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu Arjantin\u2019e kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fip yeni bir hayat kurdular. Bug\u00fcn, Arjantin\u2019in en sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen etnik topluluklar\u0131ndan biri olarak ya\u015famlar\u0131na devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Halen Arjantin\u2019deki Ermenilerin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i Buenos Aires \u015fehrinde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkentin sundu\u011fu i\u015f ve e\u011fitim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan yararlanmak isteyen Ermeniler, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri y\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne hep bu \u015fehre yerle\u015fmi\u015f. Yo\u011fun olarak bulunduklar\u0131 semt ise Palermo Viejo. Bug\u00fcn Buenos Aires\u2019in en turistik ve g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 yerlerinden biri olan Palermo Viejo, \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm Ermeniler i\u00e7in manevi bir de\u011fere sahip. Bu semtteki Armenia yani Ermenistan adl\u0131 cadde ve \u00e7evresi, Ermenilerin uzun y\u0131llar kesintisiz olarak yerle\u015fim g\u00f6sterdikleri bir muhit. Arjantin\u2019in en \u00f6nemli Ermeni Kilisesi olan Aziz Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 Krikor Kilisesi (Iglesia Apost\u00f3lica San Gregorio El Iluminador) ve bu kiliseye ba\u011fl\u0131, ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan okul da bu cadde \u00fczerinde yer al\u0131yor. 10 Nisan 1938\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flayan bu kilise, diasporadaki \u00e7o\u011fu kilise gibi Yerevan Katedrali\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kopyas\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Aziz Krikor\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ysa elbette \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Aziz Krikor Lusavori\u00e7, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n resmi dini olu\u015funa b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu ve Ermeni Apostolik Kilise\u2019nin ilk resmi \u00f6nderiydi.<\/p>\n

Kilisenin fresklerini boyayan Baltasar Ayvazian Buenos Aires\u2019in ikinci ku\u015fak Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinden birisi. 1869\u2019da Adana\u2019da do\u011fan Baltasar Ayvazian, Adana St. Paul Koleji\u2019nde e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1909-1915 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 yetim karde\u015fleriyle beraber \u00f6nce Rodosto\u2019ya (Tekirda\u011f) ard\u0131ndan \u0130zmir\u2019e s\u00fcr\u00fclen Ayvazian, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u0130stanbul\u2019da kald\u0131ktan sonra buradan Almanya\u2019ya gitmi\u015f. M\u00fcnih\u2019te resim e\u011fitimi ald\u0131ktan sonra Stuttgart Plastik Sanatlar Akademisi\u2019ne kabul edilmi\u015f, her nas\u0131lsa 1923\u2019te Buenos Aires\u2019e giden bir gemiye binerek buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f. Cemaat i\u00e7erisinde faal bir rol \u00fcstlenen Ayvazian, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ermeni okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ilk Ermenice \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden birisiydi. E\u015fsiz bir \u00fcslupla boyad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in hayat\u0131ndan sahneler, on iki havari, d\u00f6rt \u0130ncil yazar\u0131, Aziz Krikor freskleri kiliseyi Buenos Aires\u2019in turistik noktalar\u0131ndan biri haline getirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Buenos Aires\u2019te ya\u015fayan Ortodoks Ermenilerin say\u0131ca Katolik ve Evangelist Ermenilerden fazla olu\u015fu bu kiliseyi \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka unsur. Cemaat \u00fcyeleri her pazar burada bulu\u015fuyor ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerini bu kilisede yap\u0131yor. Ba\u015fepiskopos Kissag Mouradian, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015eili\u2019deki Ermenilerin de resmi lideri. Ruhani otoritenin \u00f6tesinde politik bir g\u00fcce de sahip. Cemaat ve yerel y\u00f6netim aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim \u00e7o\u011funlukla onun \u00f6nderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Kilise \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u015f ve kalacak yer bulma konusunda da cemaat \u00fcyelerine yard\u0131mda bulunuyordu ve \u015fehirdeki t\u00fcm Ermenileri bulu\u015fturan sosyal bir mekand\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu Katolik kiliseye mensup bir toplumda Ortodoks bir cemaat olan Ermeniler, asimilasyondan di\u011fer t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden daha \u00e7ok korkuyorlard\u0131. Dillerinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin di\u011fer topluluklara benzemiyor olu\u015fu, Ermenileri k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimliklerini koruma konusunda daha hassas k\u0131ld\u0131. Kiliseye birle\u015fik bir binada hizmet veren Aziz Krikor Okulu da bu kayg\u0131yla 1932\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015flarda sadece Ermeni k\u00f6kenli \u00f6\u011frencileri kabul eden bu okul, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda her kesimden \u00f6\u011frenciye kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ilk ve orta \u00f6\u011fretimde e\u011fitim veren Aziz Krikor Okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i Ermeni ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131. E\u011fitim kalitesinin ve ba\u015far\u0131 d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi di\u011fer ailelerin de bu okulu tercih etmesine sebep olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Palermo Viejo\u2019daki Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli mek\u00e2n Ermenistan Meydan\u0131 \u2018La Plaza Armenia\u2019. Kilise ve okula olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n olan bu meydan, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar eski evler ve tamirci d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile \u00e7evriliymi\u015f. Sonradan yeniden imar edilmi\u015f ve Buenos Aires kent meclisi taraf\u0131ndan Ermenilerin \u015fehre katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 onurland\u0131rmak ad\u0131na b\u00f6yle adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bug\u00fcn etraf\u0131 kafe ve barlarla \u00e7evrili, ayr\u0131ca her hafta bir el sanatlar\u0131 pazar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Meydan\u0131n en ilgi \u00e7ekici yap\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkteki ha\u00e7kar an\u0131t\u0131. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 Grigor Baghumyan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu ha\u00e7kar Ermenistan\u2019dan getirilmi\u015f. 2015\u2019te yap\u0131lan bir t\u00f6renle resmen a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. An\u0131t ta\u015f olarak bir kitabe ya da heykel yerine ha\u00e7kar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, Arjantin\u2019de ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin tarihi k\u00f6kenlerini vurgulamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli. Meydan ve ha\u00e7kar bug\u00fcn de Arjantin Ermenileri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini korumaya devam ediyor.K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermenistan<\/p>\n

Buenos Aires\u2019in aksine Arjantin\u2019in i\u00e7 ve da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde yer alan C\u00f3rdoba, \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci \u015fehri. Bilhassa tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menler, arazi bu \u015fehirde daha ucuz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015fler. Rivayete g\u00f6re buradaki arazi ve iklim, g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri yerdekine \u00e7ok benzedi\u011finden, C\u00f3rdoba\u2019y\u0131 pek sevmi\u015fler. \u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7enler arazi fiyatlar\u0131ndaki ucuzluktan yararlan\u0131p, daha sonra gelecek akrabalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de yer sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015flar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 8.000\u2019den fazla Ermeni burada ya\u015famakta.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3rdoba\u2019y\u0131 konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan buradaki Ermenilerin \u015fehir merkezinden g\u00f6rece uzak bir semtte bir arada ya\u015f\u0131yor olmalar\u0131. Pueyrred\u00f3n ad\u0131 verilen bu semtin n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 20.000 ve neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden olu\u015fuyor. Bu birliktelik cemaat i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli. Zira g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 10\u2019lu ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcren gen\u00e7 nesil 4. ku\u015fak Ermeniler i\u00e7in k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerin korunmas\u0131 Buenos Aires gibi metropollerde daha zor iken C\u00f3rdoba\u2019da durum farkl\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buradaki Ermenilerin g\u00f6\u00e7lerinden bu yana hep ayn\u0131 yerde ya\u015f\u0131yor olu\u015fu, bir tak\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerin yeni nesle aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Burada do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar Ermeni okuluna g\u00f6nderiliyor, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Ermenilerin oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7evrede b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve bireyler aras\u0131nda Ermenicenin kullan\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u2018Ermeni olma duygusu\u2019, C\u00f3rdoba\u2019da hissedilebilir bir seviyede.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler bu \u015fehrin en eski g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131ndan birisi. 1950\u2019lerden sonra \u015fehrin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flar. C\u00f3rdoba il parlamentosu, 6 Eyl\u00fcl 2005\u2019te 24 Nisan\u2019\u0131 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anma g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kabul eden bir yasa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. \u015eehirde birden fazla Ermeni kilisesi var. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi cemaatin kendi aras\u0131nda para toplayarak 1925\u2019te in\u015fa etti\u011fi Surp Kevork Kilisesi. Bah\u00e7esinde ayn\u0131s\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da bulunan bir me\u015fale heykeli olan bu kilise, Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en eski Ermeni kilisesi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine de sahip. Kiliseyle ayn\u0131 yerde bulunan Sahag Mesrob Okulu da h\u00e2l\u00e2 e\u011fitim vermeye devam ediyor. Pueyrred\u00f3n sokaklar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Ermenice kursu ya da Ermeni folklorik dans merkezleri bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6t\u00fc adam Mart\u00edn Karadagi\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arjantin\u2019in k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihinde Ermeni k\u00f6kenli bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc simaya rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc tenis oyuncusu David Nalbandian, 1950\u2019lerin futbolcusu Efrain Chacurian, yazar ve gazeteci Bedros Hadjian Arjantinli Ermeni deyince akla gelen ilk isimlerden. Ancak sadece diasporada de\u011fil t\u00fcm Latin Amerika\u2019da \u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015f ve haf\u0131zalarda yer etmi\u015f bir isim var ki, o da profesyonel d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc ve siyah-beyaz filmlerin vazge\u00e7ilmez k\u00f6t\u00fc adam\u0131 Mart\u00edn Karadagi\u00e1n. \u0130spanyol bir anne ve Ermeni bir baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 30 Nisan 1922\u2019de Buenos Aires\u2019te do\u011fan Karadagi\u00e1n, hen\u00fcz 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken Gen\u00e7 H\u0131ristiyan Erkekler Birli\u011fi (Asociaci\u00f3n Cristiana de J\u00f3venes) isimli bir dernekte grekoromen g\u00fcre\u015f e\u011fitimi almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Dini bir karaktere sahip bu dernek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde, bilhassa sporla ilgili aktivitelerde gen\u00e7lere fon sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6steren Karadagi\u00e1n, 17 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken bu dernekle Avrupa\u2019ya gitti ve e\u011fitimine orada devam etti. 1947\u2019de Arjantin\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Buenos Aires\u2019teki \u00fcnl\u00fc Luna Park Stadyumu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. On binlerce ki\u015finin izledi\u011fi bu m\u00fcsabakalar, 50\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n en pop\u00fcler e\u011flencesiydi. D\u00f6v\u00fc\u015flere kat\u0131lanlar adeta gladyat\u00f6rler gibi efsanele\u015fiyor ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcne kavu\u015fuyordu. \u0130lk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde t\u00fcm \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcleri bir bir yere seren Karadagi\u00e1n, hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir \u00fcne kavu\u015ftu. 1957\u2019de Reencuentro con la Gloria (\u015e\u00f6hretle Yeniden Bulu\u015fma) isimli ilk sinema filminde yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla rakibini \u00f6ld\u00fcren ve pi\u015fmanl\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fayan bir boks\u00f6r\u00fc oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Karadagi\u00e1n\u2019\u0131 esas \u00fcne kavu\u015fturansa 1962\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan TV \u015fovuydu. Prod\u00fcksiyonunu bizzat \u00fcstlendi\u011fi Titanes en el Ring (Devler Ringde) isimli d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f program\u0131 pop\u00fcler TV kanallar\u0131ndan Canal 9\u2019da g\u00f6sterime girdi. Karadagi\u00e1n d\u00f6nemin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fclerini bu \u015fov i\u00e7in kiralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sarih bir \u015fiddet g\u00f6sterisinden ziyade e\u011flenceli bir parodiyi and\u0131ran bu \u015fovda El Hombre Monta\u00f1a (Da\u011fdan Adam), Hans \u00c1guila (Kartal Hans), La Momia (Mumya) gibi d\u00f6nemin en \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcleri renkli ve abart\u0131l\u0131 kost\u00fcmlerle ringde m\u00fccadele ediyordu. \u00c7o\u011fu karakter \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7izgi romanlardan esinlenerek yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mart\u00edn Karadagi\u00e1n da s\u0131k s\u0131k bu d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015flerde boy g\u00f6steriyordu. 15 y\u0131l boyunca kesintisiz olarak yay\u0131nlanan Titanes en el Ring, 1973\u2019te yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na pazarland\u0131 ve Karadagi\u00e1n\u2019\u0131 \u0130spanyolca konu\u015fulan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde me\u015fhur etti.<\/p>\n

Karadagi\u00e1n, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ileri derecede diyabet sonucu bacaklar\u0131ndan birini kaybetti. 27 A\u011fustos 1991\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde binlerce ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00f6renle \u00fcnl\u00fc Recoleta Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. An\u0131s\u0131na in\u015fa edilen spor salonu, h\u00e2l\u00e2 Buenos Aires\u2019te faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funu 70\u2019li y\u0131llarda ya\u015fayan herkesin haf\u0131zas\u0131na kaz\u0131nan Karadagi\u00e1n \u015f\u00fcphesiz bir fenomen. Bug\u00fcn Buenos Aires\u2019in bohem mek\u00e2nlar\u0131nda, duvarda onun posterlerini g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Titanes en el Ring karakterleriyse t\u0131pk\u0131 Ye\u015fil\u00e7am karakterleri gibi \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz…<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/16826\/adanadan-buenos-airese-uzun-bir-yolculuk-arjantinde-ermeni-diasporasi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Or\u00e7un Ergun\u00a0 Profesyonel rehber Or\u00e7un Urgun, Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerine ili\u015fkin merak\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu \u00fclkelere yo\u011fun olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Ermenilerle ilgilenmi\u015f bir isim. Daha \u00f6nce sayfalar\u0131m\u0131zda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Brezilya Ermenileri\u2019ni tan\u0131tan Urgun\u2019la bu kez Arjantin Ermeni Diasporas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesine yolculuk ediyoruz. Her durak, birbirinden k\u0131ymetli bilgi ve deneyimlerle y\u00fckl\u00fc\u2026 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":42460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunumuzde-bati-ermenileri","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nAdana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Or\u00e7un Ergun\u00a0 Profesyonel rehber Or\u00e7un Urgun, Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerine ili\u015fkin merak\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu \u00fclkelere yo\u011fun olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Ermenilerle ilgilenmi\u015f bir isim. Daha \u00f6nce sayfalar\u0131m\u0131zda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Brezilya Ermenileri\u2019ni tan\u0131tan Urgun\u2019la bu kez Arjantin Ermeni Diasporas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesine yolculuk ediyoruz. Her durak, birbirinden k\u0131ymetli bilgi ve deneyimlerle y\u00fckl\u00fc\u2026 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-26T09:02:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/10\/Arjantin\u2019de-Ermeni-Diasporas\u0131.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"702\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"30 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-26T09:02:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459\"},\"wordCount\":5959,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/Arjantin\u2019de-Ermeni-Diasporas\u0131.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bat\u0131 Ermenileri\",\"Haberler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=42459\",\"name\":\"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131 - 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Or\u00e7un Ergun\u00a0 Profesyonel rehber Or\u00e7un Urgun, Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerine ili\u015fkin merak\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu \u00fclkelere yo\u011fun olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f Ermenilerle ilgilenmi\u015f bir isim. Daha \u00f6nce sayfalar\u0131m\u0131zda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Brezilya Ermenileri\u2019ni tan\u0131tan Urgun\u2019la bu kez Arjantin Ermeni Diasporas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesine yolculuk ediyoruz. Her durak, birbirinden k\u0131ymetli bilgi ve deneyimlerle y\u00fckl\u00fc\u2026 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2016-10-26T09:02:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":702,"height":336,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/10\/Arjantin\u2019de-Ermeni-Diasporas\u0131.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"30 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e"},"headline":"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131","datePublished":"2016-10-26T09:02:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459"},"wordCount":5959,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/10\/Arjantin\u2019de-Ermeni-Diasporas\u0131.jpg","articleSection":["G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bat\u0131 Ermenileri","Haberler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=42459","name":"Adana\u2019dan Buenos Aires\u2019e uzun bir yolculuk: Arjantin\u2019de Ermeni Diasporas\u0131 - 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