{"id":41581,"date":"2016-08-16T02:53:26","date_gmt":"2016-08-16T07:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41581"},"modified":"2016-08-16T02:53:26","modified_gmt":"2016-08-16T07:53:26","slug":"soykirim-ve-istirak-meselesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41581","title":{"rendered":"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u2018\u2018i\u015ftirak\u2019\u2019 meselesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m<\/a>Halil Turhanl\u0131<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yazar Halil Turhanl\u0131 Agos i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda F\u0131rat Ayd\u0131nkaya\u2019n\u0131n \u20181880\u2019den 1915\u2019e K\u00fcrt-Ermeni ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdaki K\u00fcrt \u0130\u015ftiraki \u00dczerine\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, K\u00fcrtlerin 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc irdeliyor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

F\u0131rat Ayd\u0131nkaya s\u0131radan K\u00fcrtlerin 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u20181880\u2019den 1915\u2019 K\u00fcrt-Ermeni Hinterland\u0131ndaki K\u0131smi Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdaki K\u00fcrt \u0130\u015ftiraki \u00dczerine\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde \u00f6ncelikle bu rol\u00fcn san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu vurguluyor: \u201cK\u00fcrt i\u015ftiraki olmasayd\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yine de icra edilece\u011fi, K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki soyk\u0131r\u0131m pratiklerinden belliydi. Ne var ki K\u00fcrt i\u015ftiraki olmasayd\u0131, Ermenilerin K\u00fcrt-Ermeni hinterland\u0131ndan silinmesi bu kadar kolay olmazd\u0131. Belki Ermeniler Anadolu\u2019dan silinirdi ama K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan silinemezdi. K\u00fcrtlerin kahir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu t\u0131pk\u0131 Holokost s\u0131ras\u0131nda Danimarka kral\u0131n\u0131n Yahudilere sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Ermenilere sahip \u00e7\u0131ksayd\u0131, bu hinterland muhtemelen h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor olabilirdi.\u201d (1)<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtlerin Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u015fiddet uygulamas\u0131 93 Harbi\u2019ni izleyen d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ermeni-K\u00fcrt topraklar\u0131nda giri\u015filen pogromlara i\u015ftirak etmi\u015flerdi. Ayd\u0131nkaya\u2019n\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi, 1880\u2019lerden itibaren ba\u015flayan ve 1915\u2019te final yapan katliamlarla, k\u0131y\u0131mlarla dolu bir s\u00fcrece bu s\u00fcrecin failleri olarak ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren d\u00e2hil olmu\u015flard\u0131. Devletten te\u015fvik g\u00f6rd\u00fcler, ancak i\u015ftirake zorlanmad\u0131lar. Bu anlamda kendili\u011finden kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u00fcrtlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc cell\u00e2tlar\u0131yd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar etkili olmu\u015ftu, ku\u015fkusuz. \u00d6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri Ermenilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fclklerini talan ettiler, kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n malvarl\u0131klar\u0131na el koydular. T\u0131pk\u0131 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi di\u011fer y\u00f6relerdeki katiller gibi.<\/p>\n

Kimdi bu g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc cellatl\u0131\u011fa soyunanlar? Kimdi bu s\u0131radan K\u00fcrtler? Ayd\u0131nkaya bunlar\u0131n genelde a\u015firetlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan, a\u015firet ba\u011flar\u0131 olmayan, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 reaya K\u00fcrtler oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\u00a0Soyk\u0131r\u0131ma aktif olarak kat\u0131lmada ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetenlerin de genelde reaya oldu\u011funu ekliyor.<\/a>\u00a0(2). Tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan kalabal\u0131k bir kesimdir bu.<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131nkaya, K\u00fcrtlerdeki Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik bu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u015fiddeti, Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131n talan\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in olay\u0131 a\u015firet sosyoloji, \u00f6zellikle Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle birlikte incelemenin gere\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor (3). Ayr\u0131ca bu \u015fiddetin bir ba\u015fka kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak K\u00fcrtlerdeki \u201ch\u0131n\u00e7 patolojisi\u201dnin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finiyor.<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131nkaya\u2019ya g\u00f6re Tanzimat reformlar\u0131ndan, modernle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerinden hi\u00e7 yararlanamayan K\u00fcrtler, Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n kaybedenleriydiler. Bu ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 nedenler K\u00fcrtlerde \u201ch\u0131n\u00e7 patolojisi\u201dnin geli\u015fmesinde, b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde etkili olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 modern d\u00fcnyada, modernli\u011fin ilkeleri uyar\u0131nca kurulmu\u015f ya da hen\u00fcz modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecindeki toplumlarda vuku buldular. \u0130yi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f b\u00fcrokrasi hem Holokost, hem de 1915\u2019te kitlesel \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin sistemli bir bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli ve mevcuttu. Yine her iki durumda, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin ard\u0131nda bir de gizli ya da yar\u0131 gizli \u00f6rg\u00fct ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler s\u00f6z konusuydu.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin gizli \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Te\u015fklat-\u0131 Mahsusa, Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7ok etkili olmu\u015ftu. Bununla beraber ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck deh\u015fet verici k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131nda imha ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirgin bir farka da de\u011finmek gerekiyor. Thomas Mann, \u201c Nasyonal Sosyalizmin karakteristik ve ger\u00e7ekten tehlikeli y\u00f6n\u00fc, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc modernite ve ilerlemeye kar\u015f\u0131 olumlay\u0131c\u0131 bir tavr\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00fc\u015fleriyle kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131: y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde teknolojik bir romantizm\u201d der. (4).<\/p>\n

Thomas Mann\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zleri modern teknolojinin Holokost\u2019a nas\u0131l ve ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu \u00f6zetliyor. Weimar\u2019\u0131n muhafazak\u00e2r ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 teknolojinin ak\u0131ld\u0131\u015f\u0131 ara\u00e7sall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1930\u2019lar boyunca hararetle savundular. Naziler ise bunu bir proje haline getirdiler ve uygulad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Nazilerin Holokost\u2019u ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131n\u0131n 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra kitlesel k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131n, uzun \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funun d\u00fczenlenmesinde modern teknolojiden nas\u0131l yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 gaz odalar\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc gazlar\u2026 Oysa Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik etnik temizlik, toplu katliamlar Holokost ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hayli ilkel ara\u00e7larla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Ermeniler b\u0131\u00e7aklar ve palalarla boyunlar\u0131 bo\u011fazlar\u0131 kesilerek katledildiler. 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu bak\u0131mdan Ruanda\u2019daki soyk\u0131r\u0131ma daha \u00e7ok benzedi\u011fi sav\u0131 do\u011fru. (5)<\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na devletin etnik temizlik i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131radan insanlar, devletle organik ba\u011flar\u0131 olmayan siviller de aktif olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Do\u011frudan devlet\u00e7e \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmemi\u015f, ama devletten te\u015fvik g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdi. \u201cS\u0131radan K\u00fcrtler\u201d bu i\u015ftirak\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rne\u011fi. Oysa Alman halk\u0131n\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131ma do\u011frudan ve aktif olarak kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yahudileri \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funa g\u00f6t\u00fcren trenleri bo\u015f g\u00f6zlerle izlemekle yetindikleri yayg\u0131n olarak dile getirilir. \u0130zleyenlerin masum say\u0131lamayacaklar\u0131na dair en \u00f6nemli itiraz Emmanuel Levinas\u2019\u0131n bizlere \u201c\u00f6tekinin y\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki sorumluluk y\u00fckleyen radikal eti\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Ancak \u015fu da var: Alman halk\u0131n\u0131n pasif izleyiciler olarak kalmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da yay\u0131mland\u0131. Daniel Goldhagen\u2019in 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan ve yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, yo\u011fun ele\u015ftiriler alan Hitler\u2019s Willing Executionars (Hitler\u2019in \u0130stekli Cellatlar\u0131 ) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131 bu konudaki en u\u00e7 iddialar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. (6)<\/p>\n

Goldhagen b\u00fct\u00fcn Alman halk\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7lamalar y\u00f6neltiyor. Holokost\u2019un k\u00f6klerini Almanlar\u0131n kolektif zihin d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda buluyor. Goldhagen\u2019e g\u00f6re antisemitizm Alman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve karakterinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131, Alman halk\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak bir duygu. Bu duygu Yahudilerin sistematik ve kitlesel olarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmelerinde birinci derecede etkili olmu\u015ftu. Ruhlar\u0131, zihinleri Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dolu Alman halk\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat kolluyordu; Hitler ve onun in\u015fa etti\u011fi Nazi rejimi Almanlara duygular\u0131, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda harekete ge\u00e7me, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zca davranma imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131. \u201cYahudi Sorunu\u201d (Judenfrage) Naziler\u2019den \u00e7ok \u00f6nce, Alman toplumunda hep olagelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131 da bu toplumu zihin ve ruh d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sembolleriydi. Goldhagen\u2019e y\u00f6neltecek ilk ele\u015ftiri Nazilerin \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131nda sadece Yahudileri de\u011fil; Romanlar\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerine pembe \u00fc\u00e7gen tak\u0131lan gayleri, kom\u00fcnistleri de imha ettikleri. \u0130kincisi, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Nazi vah\u015fetini Alman halk\u0131n\u0131n antisemitizmine ba\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Fa\u015fizmin tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131, hangi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n destek verdi\u011fi Goldhagen\u2019i ilgilendirmiyor. Weimer Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediyor. Fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isi, ekonomik krizin \u00e7aresiz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131f, d\u00f6nemin Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda g\u00fcn be g\u00fcn say\u0131sal olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve politik geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l tav\u0131r alaca\u011f\u0131 kestirilemeyen l\u00fcmpen proletarya, Prusyal\u0131 toprak sahibi Junker\u2019ler\u2026 Bunlar\u0131n hepsini homojen bir b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ona g\u00f6re hepsi de ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ve ayn\u0131 yo\u011funlukta Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131. Goldhagen b\u00f6ylelikle tam da Nazilerin kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 idealize edilmi\u015f, hi\u00e7bir i\u00e7sel farkl\u0131la\u015fma bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayan homojen halk (volk) mitini kabul etmi\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR1- F. Ayd\u0131nkaya, \u201c1880\u2019den 1915\u2019e K\u00fcrt-Ermeni Hinterland\u0131ndaki K\u0131smi Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve\u00a0Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdaki K\u00fcrt \u0130\u015ftiraki \u00dczerine \u201c , Utan\u00e7 ve Onur i\u00e7inde ( Haz.\u00c7ubuk\u00e7u, Onaran, Zari\u00e7, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk), Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n, 2. Bas\u0131m , s. 107\u00a02-Ferda Balancar\u2019\u0131n F. Ayd\u0131nkaya ile Agos i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yle\u015fi www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\u2026\/bir-ba\u015fka-acidan-kurtlerin- ermeni-soykirimimdaki-rolu3-F.Ayd\u0131nkaya, Utan\u00e7 ve Onur, s.974- Aktaran jeffrey Herf , Reactionary Modernism, Cambridge University Press,1984 ,\u00a0 s. 25- F. Ayd\u0131nkaya, Utan\u00e7 ve Onur, s. 986- Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, Hitler\u2019s Willing Executionars , Vintage Books ,NY, 1997.<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/16220\/soykirim-ve-istirak-meselesi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Halil Turhanl\u0131\u00a0 Yazar Halil Turhanl\u0131 Agos i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda F\u0131rat Ayd\u0131nkaya\u2019n\u0131n \u20181880\u2019den 1915\u2019e K\u00fcrt-Ermeni ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdaki K\u00fcrt \u0130\u015ftiraki \u00dczerine\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, K\u00fcrtlerin 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc irdeliyor. F\u0131rat Ayd\u0131nkaya s\u0131radan K\u00fcrtlerin 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u20181880\u2019den 1915\u2019 K\u00fcrt-Ermeni Hinterland\u0131ndaki K\u0131smi Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdaki K\u00fcrt \u0130\u015ftiraki \u00dczerine\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde \u00f6ncelikle bu rol\u00fcn san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":41582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nSoyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u2018\u2018i\u015ftirak\u2019\u2019 meselesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41581\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u2018\u2018i\u015ftirak\u2019\u2019 meselesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Halil Turhanl\u0131\u00a0 Yazar Halil Turhanl\u0131 Agos i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda F\u0131rat Ayd\u0131nkaya\u2019n\u0131n \u20181880\u2019den 1915\u2019e K\u00fcrt-Ermeni ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdaki K\u00fcrt \u0130\u015ftiraki \u00dczerine\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, K\u00fcrtlerin 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc irdeliyor. 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