{"id":41395,"date":"2016-08-01T05:57:48","date_gmt":"2016-08-01T10:57:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41395"},"modified":"2016-08-01T05:57:48","modified_gmt":"2016-08-01T10:57:48","slug":"der-zor-yoneticisi-zeki-beyin-olum-fermani-1920","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41395","title":{"rendered":"Der Zor y\u00f6neticisi Zeki Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm ferman\u0131 (1920)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Meline<\/a>Meline Anumyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih Doktoru<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c…Bana bin cilt belge okutsalar, buralar\u0131 bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra fikrimi de\u011fi\u015ftiremezler art\u0131k. \u00a0O tarihte, 1915 yaz\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerce kilometre \u00f6teden kald\u0131r\u0131p, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlarla \u00a0buraya g\u00f6ndermenin hi\u00e7bir \u2018askeri \u00f6nlem\u2019le a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bunun tek \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olabilir: G\u00f6nderilen insanlar\u0131 imha etmek! Bug\u00fcn bile kafileler halinde, \u00fcstelik Haziran-Temmuz ay\u0131nda bile de\u011fil, Nisan ay\u0131nda onbinlerce insan\u0131 buralarda y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye kalk\u0131\u015fmak, imha edilmelerini istemek demektir. Bunu Deir ez-Zor\u2019u g\u00f6rmeden anlayamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Ya da Der Zor m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce gayet iyi anlars\u0131n\u0131z…\u201d<\/em><\/strong>,-diye yaz\u0131yordu gazeteci Cengiz \u00c7andar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan \u201cRadikal\u201d gazetesindeki, \u201cSuriye \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda bir 24 Nisan\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde[1]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk gazetecisinin, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda (yaz s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fil) Der Zor\u2019u ziyaret edip, \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc kendi g\u00f6zleriyle g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n oraya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesinin tek sebebinin, Ermenilerin imha edilmesi olabilece\u011fi konusunda ikna olmas\u0131na ve art\u0131k bu konuda ikna olmak i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir belgeye ihtiya\u00e7 duymamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ink\u00e2r eden T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7ilere ve ayd\u0131nlara daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da belge takdim etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu belgelerden biri de, 28 Nisan 1920 tarihinde\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc askeri mahkemesinde verilen karar[2]<\/a> olup, Der Zor sanca\u011f\u0131 eski mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Zeki Bey, bu kararla g\u0131yab\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu belgede, Der Zor\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen Ermenilerin, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan a\u011f\u0131r ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131ndan hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f olmalar\u0131ndan ziyade, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin emriyle, mutasarr\u0131f Zeki taraf\u0131ndan kurulan atl\u0131 ve piyade \u00e7eteleri taraf\u0131ndan katledilmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden s\u00fcr\u00fclen Ermeniler Suriye \u00e7\u00f6llerine, \u00f6zellikle de Der Zor\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yollar\u0131nda korkun\u00e7 katliamlara u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Aram Andonyan\u2019\u0131n belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, \u201c\u2026en korkun\u00e7 canilikler ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve daha sonraki y\u0131llarda, o uzak \u00e7\u00f6llerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir\u201d[3]<\/a>. \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck canilik\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131, t\u00fcm Ermenilerin \u00e7\u00f6le s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu ve Kilikya Ermenilerinin de onlara kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1916 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra, h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan tertiplenen \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck katliam\u0131n burada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki, 70 bin Ermeni\u2019nin katledildi\u011fi Res-ul Ayn\u2019da, ikincisi, 50 bin ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi \u0130ntilli\u2019de, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise 200 bin ki\u015finin imha edildi\u011fi ve b\u00f6ylece en korkun\u00e7 ve en \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Der Zor \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Aram Andonyan\u2019\u0131n belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, yukar\u0131da belirtilen rakamlar sadece katliamlar sonucunda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Ermeniler hakk\u0131nda olup, bu \u00fc\u00e7 yerde hastal\u0131k, bireysel \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclme, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluk sonucunda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f olan Ermeniler de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu say\u0131 bir milyonu ge\u00e7mektedir[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Rahip Grigoris Palakyan, \u201cErmeni Golgotas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131nda sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu iki Ermeni askerin \u015fahitli\u011fine g\u00f6re, Der Zor\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Ermenilerin, \u00e7\u00f6l haydutlar\u0131ndan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil silahl\u0131 \u00e7etelerin kurbanlar\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz gibi bu \u00e7eteler, Der Zor sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Zeki Bey taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmektedir. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan sa\u011f kurtulan ve bu b\u00f6lgedeki korkun\u00e7 katliamlar\u0131n \u015fahidi olan Anu\u015f Vardanyan, Zeki Bey hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r: \u201cBa\u011fdat\u2019tan bir pa\u015fa geldi, ad\u0131 Zeki veya Zohedi idi, ad\u0131n\u0131 tam hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum,\u00a0 \u201cDer Zor\u2019da bir tek Ermeni kalmayacak\u201d diye emir verdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ermeniler d\u00fckk\u00e2n a\u00e7maya, ticaret, f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ve demircilikle u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu emre istinaden, t\u00fcm Ermeniler Suvar\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi (\u2026).<\/p>\n

Hayatta kalm\u0131\u015f olan erkekler ayr\u0131larak, katledilmek i\u00e7in, konumu a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 mezbahaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Merkete Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na yolland\u0131 (\u2026). Kervanlar genellikle ak\u015fama do\u011fru Merkete\u2019ye ula\u015fmakta ve katliamlar ertesi sabah ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekteydi. Bazen kur\u015funla, bazen k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la, bazen ucuna demirden veya kur\u015fundan bir topuzun yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu sopalarla, bazen de ta\u015flayarak veya yakarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131 (\u2026)\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Der Zor katliam\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 devleti taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015ftan beri planlanm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n yeniden ele ge\u00e7irilmesi plan\u0131 bu katliam\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aram Andonyan\u2019\u0131n, yukar\u0131da belirtilen kitab\u0131nda belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, hem Alman, hem de Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri taraf\u0131ndan verilen, katliam\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rma talimat\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, Ermeni s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinden arta kalanlar\u0131n toplanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n bu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u201d ordular\u0131n\u0131n ikmal \u00e7izgisi olup, t\u00fcm toplar\u0131n ve cephanenin bu kesimden ge\u00e7irilmesi gereklili\u011fiydi[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yazar, buraya kadar varabilmi\u015f olan Ermenilerden arta kalanlar\u0131n\u0131n sorununu nihai olarak \u00e7\u00f6zme (imha etme) konusunun, hem Halep valisi Mustafa Abdulhalik Bey, hem Der Zor davas\u0131 karar\u0131nda Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 konusunda su\u00e7lu olma \u015f\u00fcphesiyle resmi inceleme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yaz\u0131 g\u00f6nderilmesi talebinde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en[8]<\/a> Der Zor mebusu Nuri Efendi, hem Ey\u00fcp Efendi, hem de J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk komitesi murahhas\u0131 Cemal Bey\u2019in ilgilendi\u011fi, fakat bu konuda en sab\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n Der Zor y\u00f6neticisi Zeki Bey oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Der Zor\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen katliam\u0131 Aram Andonyan \u015fu \u015fekilde sunmaktad\u0131r \u201cHalk, Musul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclme bahanesiyle, ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 gruplar halinde Der Zor d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, fakat bu insanlar \u015eeddade\u2019den \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emedi. \u015eeddade\u2019ye kadar uzanan yol \u00fczerinde, Zeki Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelikle Marat ve Suvar \u00e7\u00f6lleri se\u00e7ildi. Bunca ki\u015finin, \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, suni bir a\u00e7l\u0131k olu\u015fturuldu (\u2026)\u201d[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yazar, buradaki Ermeni katliamlar\u0131nda Der Zor y\u00f6neticisine destek vermi\u015f, fakat mahkeme karar\u0131nda belirtilmemi\u015f olan canilerin isimlerini de saymakta ve Zeki\u2019nin gaddarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derecesini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u201cZeki Bey\u2019e destek olanlar Zor mebusu Muhammet, komiser Mustafa, Ras-\u00fcl Ayn belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Bey ve iki o\u011flu, Suvar m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u015eeyh S\u00fcleyman, Hasi\u00e7e m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Eysa Skhta, \u00c7erkez \u00d6mer Al H\u00e2kim, g\u00f6\u00e7men sevkiyat\u0131 g\u00f6revlisi Abdullah Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r \u2013 sadece en \u00f6nemlilerini belirtmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

Zeki Bey, yan\u0131ndakilerin katletme \u015fevkini y\u00fcksek tutmak amac\u0131yla, s\u0131k-s\u0131k at\u0131ndan e\u011filip, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kollar\u0131ndan tutarak, bir iki kere \u00e7evirdikten sonra yere vurup \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra, yan\u0131ndakilere \u2013Bir masumu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc sanmay\u0131n, bunlar\u0131n bebekleri dahi su\u00e7ludur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7lerinde intikam tohumunu ta\u015f\u0131yacaklard\u0131r. Yar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak istiyorsan\u0131z, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklere ac\u0131may\u0131n-. Onlar da ac\u0131m\u0131yorlard\u0131\u2026\u201d[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1919-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda a\u00e7\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 63 dava aras\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan Der Zor sanca\u011f\u0131 katliamlar\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131n oturum tutanaklar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, Der Zor mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Zeki Bey\u2019i g\u0131yab\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm eden karar, Osmanl\u0131 \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesinde yer bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Der Zor y\u00f6neticisinin firarda oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, bu davada g\u0131yaben \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Dava karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere,\u00a0 mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan ifadeleri al\u0131nan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015fahidin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Der Zor y\u00f6neticisi Zeki, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden Der Zor sanca\u011f\u0131na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermeni\u2019yi, yeniden s\u00fcr\u00fclmek bahanesiyle, kendisi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan atl\u0131 ve piyade \u00e7eteler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla farkl\u0131 yerlere s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, bu \u00e7eteler, su\u00e7lunun huzurunda ve onun emriyle Ermenilere sald\u0131rm\u015f, \u00fczerlerindeki para ve ziynet e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7o\u011funu zalimce katlederek, Habur Nehri havzas\u0131 ge\u00e7itlerinde imha etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> Cengiz \u00c7andar, \u201cSuriye \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda bir 24 Nisan\u2026\u201d, Radikal Gazetesi, 25.04.2010.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesinin 30 Nisan 1920 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda ne\u015fredilmi\u015f olan mahkeme karar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131ca ve Latin harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak, Taner Ak\u00e7am ve Vahagn Dadryan taraf\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015f olan \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rf\u00ee Zab\u0131tlar\u0131. \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019nin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 1919-1921\u201d kitab\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bk. Vahakn N. Dadrian, Taner Ak\u00e7am,\u00a0\u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rf\u00ee Zab\u0131tlar\u0131. \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019nin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 1919-1922, \u0130stanbul, 2008, s. 715-716.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Aram Antonyan, \u201cMeds Vocir\u0131\u201d, Boston, 1921, s.15.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> A.g.e., s.18-19.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Rahip Grigoris Palakyan, \u201cHay Go\u011fgotan\u201d, I. cilt, II. bask\u0131, Beyrut, 1977, ss.469.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u201cHu\u015famatyan Meds Ye\u011ferni (1915-1965)\u201d, III. bask\u0131, Beyrut, 1987, Sahmrketsutsi\u00e7 vkayutyunner, s.537-544.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Aram Antonyan, a.g.e., s.78.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Deyr-i Zor Davas\u0131 Karar Sureti, Cez\u00e2-y\u0131 \u0130\u2019d\u00e2m, \u201cAlemdar\u201d Gazetesi, 30 Nisan, 1920.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Aram Antonyan, a.g.e., s.105-106.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> A.g.e., s.109.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> A.g.e., s.111.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Deyr-i Zor Davas\u0131 Karar Sureti, Cez\u00e2-y\u0131 \u0130\u2019d\u00e2m, \u201cAlemdar\u201d Gazetesi, 30 Nisan, 1920.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Akunq.net<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Meline Anumyan Tarih Doktoru \u201c…Bana bin cilt belge okutsalar, buralar\u0131 bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra fikrimi de\u011fi\u015ftiremezler art\u0131k. \u00a0O tarihte, 1915 yaz\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerce kilometre \u00f6teden kald\u0131r\u0131p, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlarla \u00a0buraya g\u00f6ndermenin hi\u00e7bir \u2018askeri \u00f6nlem\u2019le a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bunun tek \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olabilir: G\u00f6nderilen insanlar\u0131 imha etmek! Bug\u00fcn bile kafileler halinde, \u00fcstelik Haziran-Temmuz ay\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":41396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,44,1,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belge","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nDer Zor y\u00f6neticisi Zeki Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm ferman\u0131 (1920) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41395\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Der Zor y\u00f6neticisi Zeki Bey\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm ferman\u0131 (1920) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meline Anumyan Tarih Doktoru \u201c…Bana bin cilt belge okutsalar, buralar\u0131 bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra fikrimi de\u011fi\u015ftiremezler art\u0131k. \u00a0O tarihte, 1915 yaz\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerce kilometre \u00f6teden kald\u0131r\u0131p, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlarla \u00a0buraya g\u00f6ndermenin hi\u00e7bir \u2018askeri \u00f6nlem\u2019le a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 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