{"id":41335,"date":"2016-07-27T04:40:21","date_gmt":"2016-07-27T09:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41335"},"modified":"2016-07-27T04:40:21","modified_gmt":"2016-07-27T09:40:21","slug":"soykirimin-taniklarinin-cocuklari-felaketin-dehsetinin-de-varisleri-oldular","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41335","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, felaketin deh\u015fetinin de varisleri oldular\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Rubina<\/a>Vartan Estukyan<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (UCLA) Ermeni Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olan Dr. Rubina Peroomian, son kitab\u0131 \u2018The Aremnian Genocide in Literature: Second Generation Responds\u2019 (Edebiyatta Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: \u0130kinci Neslin Yank\u0131lar\u0131) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla yeniden okuyucular\u0131yla bulu\u015ftu. Peroomian, son kitab\u0131nda, gerek Ermenice, gerek \u0130ngilizce, gerek Frans\u0131zca yazan soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 ikinci neslin edebiyattaki yank\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor. Edebiyat\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ikinci nesle aktar\u0131m\u0131 konusunda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan Dr. Peroomian\u2019la, son kitab\u0131 vesilesiyle konu\u015ftuk.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kitab\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fine dair neler s\u00f6yleyebilirsiniz? Sizi bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya te\u015fvik eden etkenler nelerdi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n edebiyattaki yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fim d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kitab\u0131m bu. \u0130lki, 1989\u2019da tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m tez \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kitapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haliydi. 1993\u2019te \u2018Literary Responses to Catastrophe: A conparison of the Armenian and the Jewish Experinence\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u2018Felaketin Edebi Yans\u0131malar\u0131: Ermeni ve Yahudi Halk\u0131n\u0131n Deneyimi \u00dczerinden Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Bir \u0130nceleme\u2019 olarak terc\u00fcme edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda beni bu konuya y\u00f6nelten \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fim oldu. Duygular\u0131m, bilin\u00e7alt\u0131mda birikenler, halk\u0131m\u0131n felaketlerle dolu ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve onun psikolojik, politik ve sosyal etkilerini ayd\u0131nlatmaya y\u00f6neltti. Felaketi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na savrulmu\u015f Ermeni bireyin psikolojisi, etnik aidiyeti ve d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc incelemeye de\u011fer bir konu oldu benim i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Bu son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131 daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131zdan ay\u0131rdeden \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Yahudi katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n edebiyat\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle de bu edebiyata dair \u00e7ok zengin ve \u00e7e\u015fitli edebiyat ele\u015ftirileri bana yol g\u00f6sterdiler. Onlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hen\u00fcz yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bu alan\u0131na y\u00f6neldim.<\/p>\n

Sovyet Ermenistan\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m esnas\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yans\u0131malar\u0131na dair makalelerim de \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ermeni yazarlar\u0131n ve \u015fairlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakarak b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famalar\u0131, devasa bir sans\u00fcr kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dikkatli ve \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak fikirler \u00fcretmeleri \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7ti. Ancak t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te zihnimi \u00e7ok\u00e7a me\u015fgul eden konulardan biri de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin duygular\u0131yd\u0131. Ermeni kimli\u011fine ve H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya yap\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Ermenilerin, M\u00fcs\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ermenilerin veya kimli\u011fini gizleyenlerin duygular\u0131n\u0131 merak ediyordum. Bu konuda bildiklerim ve kaynaklar\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130stanbul Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bask\u0131n\u0131n deh\u015feti orada daha \u00e7ok hissediliyordu. Kemal Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n \u2018Senin de G\u00fcler Y\u00fcre\u011fin\u2019 adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yolumu ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Hrant Dink\u2019in d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan katli beni de derinden etkiledi ve b\u00f6ylece Ermeni ve T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkilerini, s\u00fcregelen tahamm\u00fcls\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u00f6klerini, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir arada ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6neltti. Bunun sonucu olarak 2008\u2019de \u2018And Those Who Continued Living in Turkey After 1915, The Metamorphoses of The Post-genocide Armenian \u0130dentity As Reflected in Artistic Literature\u2019 (Ve 1915\u2019ten sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ya\u015famay\u0131 S\u00fcrd\u00fcrenler, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Sonras\u0131nda Ermeni Kimli\u011finin De\u011fi\u015fimlerinin Sanatsal Edebiyata Yans\u0131malar\u0131) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131. Kitap, 2012\u2019de ise Richard Hovhannisian\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcyle ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonras\u0131nda s\u00fcregelen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan \u2018The Armenian Genocide in Literature, Perceptions of Those Who Lived Thourgh The Years of Calamiti\u2019 (Edebiyatta Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, Felaket Y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Ya\u015fayan Neslin Alg\u0131lar\u0131) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131. 2012\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bu kitab\u0131m\u0131n ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 da Peter Kaui\u2019nin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcyle 2014\u2019te bas\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n sanatsal edebiyat\u0131na yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada hat\u0131ratlara da yer vermi\u015ftim. Hat\u0131rat\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutabilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcyd\u00fc? Onun yaz\u0131nsal de\u011ferini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmam gerekiyor muydu?<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bunlar son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam olan \u2018The Armenian Genocide in Literature, The Second Generation Responds\u2019 (Edebiyatta Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u0130kinci Neslin Yank\u0131lar\u0131) kitab\u0131m\u0131n altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdular. Burada da kaynak olarak bir sanat olarak edebiyattan yararland\u0131m. Sanatsal edebiyat konusundaki \u0131srar\u0131ma gelince, olay\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn haritalardan, raporlardan, istatistiklerden veya listelerden \u00e7ok bu alanda anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n sonraki nesillere aktar\u0131m\u0131 konusunda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? Tan\u0131klar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 evlatlar\u0131na neden anlatt\u0131lar, veya neden anlatmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131lar?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 toplumsal psikolojimize ve ulusal kimli\u011fimize halen etki ediyor. Bu etki, felaketten kurtulanlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra felaketin haf\u0131zas\u0131 halen canl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde duruyor. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n siyasi, psikolojik ve sosyal etkileri halen taze. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan anne ve babalardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar, felaketin deh\u015fetinin de varisleri oldular. Ebeveynlerinin felaketlerle dolu ge\u00e7mi\u015fini nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir durum bu. Bu felakete tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden ebeveynler kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015fleriyle ne t\u00fcr bir ili\u015fki s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler? Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan saklad\u0131lar m\u0131, yoksa s\u00fcrekli olarak bunu mu anlatt\u0131lar? Her hal\u00fckarda ebeveynlerin trajik ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, kendi psikolojik etkisini yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r aileler \u00fczerinde. Bu etki de nesilden nesile aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Psikologlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re felaketin etkilerinin farkl\u0131 aktar\u0131lma y\u00f6ntemleri var. Bu psikodinamik, sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel aile yap\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f da olabilir ve hatta biyolojik ve genetik metotlarla da. Bu son ihtimal i\u00e7in ailenin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 travman\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fa herhangi bir kal\u0131tsal hastal\u0131k gibi aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 durumlarda \u00e7ocu\u011fun ruh d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bozulmalara veya \u2018post traumatic stress disorder\u2019 (travma sonras\u0131 stres bozuklu\u011fu) gibi hastal\u0131klara yol a\u00e7abilir. Bilim insanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu etki bir \u00e7e\u015fit salg\u0131nd\u0131r ve temas eden herkesi etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkilerinin aktar\u0131m\u0131 konusunda ebeveyn-\u00e7ocuk ili\u015fkisi \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptir. Felaketlerle dolu ge\u00e7mi\u015fine dair hi\u00e7 konu\u015fmayan, ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri asla dillendirmeyen, soyk\u0131r\u0131m konusunun aile i\u00e7inde tabuya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan pek \u00e7ok aile var. Bu durumun muhtelif sebepleri olabilir. Bunlardan en kuvvetli ihtimal, hayatta kalabilen neslin, kan ve g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 dolu \u00f6yk\u00fclerle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ruh d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 kirletmek, b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 o deh\u015fet hat\u0131ralardan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesini istememeleri. Bu neslin hayatta olmas\u0131 belki de \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak, tecav\u00fcz, s\u00fcnnet, T\u00fcrk jandarmas\u0131na hizmet etmek gibi anlat\u0131lamaz ger\u00e7eklerle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir. Belki de b\u00fct\u00fcn ailesi katledilirken kendisi bu yollarla hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir deneyimin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 utan\u00e7 ve su\u00e7luluk duygusu, onun, konuyu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na da a\u00e7mas\u0131na engel olmu\u015ftur. Belki de art\u0131k ebeveyn olmu\u015f olan tan\u0131klar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hat\u0131rlamayarak ve anlatmayarak onu ya\u015famlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karabileceklerini, unutabileceklerini, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin g\u00f6lgesini \u00fczerlerinden atabileceklerini ve b\u00f6ylece de k\u00e2buslardan kurtulmu\u015f olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olabilirler.<\/p>\n

Her ne olursa olsun ge\u00e7mi\u015fin trajedisiyle ilgili aile s\u0131rlar\u0131, belirsiz ve tan\u0131mlanamaz bir k\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm gibi ortada etki ediyorlar ve bazen aile ili\u015fkilerine de zarar veriyorlar. Yine psikologlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re bu durumda \u00e7ocuklar daha a\u011f\u0131r \u00f6rselenmekte, belirlenemeyen bir bunal\u0131ma d\u00fc\u015fmekteler. Hatta baz\u0131 durumlarda s\u0131r olarak saklanan ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin kendilerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na vehmedip ruhsal bunal\u0131mlara girdikleri de oluyor. Bu tablonun kar\u015f\u0131 kutbundaysa ebeveynlerin, \u00f6zellikle de annelerin s\u00fcrekli konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131, anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131 hallerdeyse asimilasyon tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle alt\u0131 \u00e7izilen bir Ermenili\u011fi dayatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u201cErmeni oldu\u011funu asla unutma\u201d veya \u201cAilemiz \u00e7\u00f6llerde katledildi ve sen k\u00f6klerine sad\u0131k kalarak ailemizin kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 telafi edeceksin\u201d gibi c\u00fcmlelerle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dinsel ve ulusal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak Ermeniler lehine vurgulanmas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u2018yabanc\u0131\u2019 \u00e7evrelere, okula veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na girmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran etken oldu. Bu dayatmalar \u00e7ocu\u011fun arafta kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. S\u00fcrekli olarak iki d\u00fcnya, iki kutup, birbiriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan, asla dengelenemeyen ikilemler onlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, ezilmi\u015fli\u011fe mahk\u00fbm etti\u011fi gibi bir defadan keskin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flere ve yabanc\u0131la\u015fmalara da yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ebeveynlerin \u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnekte ebeveynlerin \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden sonra veya hemen \u00f6nce her \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011finde tuhaf bir sevgi, sayg\u0131 hatta su\u00e7luluk duygusu ve vicdan azab\u0131 olu\u015ftu. Bu a\u015famada ailesinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine y\u00f6nelik, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere dair anlat\u0131lara ilgi duymaya ba\u015flar. Oysa daha \u00f6nce t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemi\u015fti. \u015eimdi ise ufkunda ac\u0131dan, kandan, \u0131zd\u0131raptan ve yitirilenlerden koskoca bir d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu d\u00fcnya daha \u00f6nce ebeveynlerindi, ama \u015fimdi kendisine miras kald\u0131. Art\u0131k atalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131zd\u0131rapl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesini yazmak ve bunu d\u00fcnyaya duyurmak gibi bir g\u00f6rev var \u00fczerinde. \u0130\u015fte ikinci neslin edebiyat\u0131 bu d\u00fcrt\u00fcden, bu g\u00f6rev bilincinden do\u011fuyor. Tarihsel haf\u0131zan\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, nesilden nesle aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u015fte bu aile hik\u00e2yeleri \u00fczerinden soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n edebi anlat\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Diasporadaki ikinci neslin edebiyat\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu neslin kimlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, asimilasyon tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015funun da bir ifadesi mahiyetinde. Diasporada egemen olan kriz, asimilasyonun, anadilin kayb\u0131n\u0131n, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n bir a\u015famas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerine yitirilmi\u015f vatan\u0131n bulan\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, bir mahrumiyet duygusuna yol a\u00e7\u0131yor; katilin ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve tarihi \u00e7arp\u0131tmas\u0131yla daha da bileniyor. Edebi eserlerle \u00f6fkeyi ve umut yitimini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Cinayeti ink\u00e2r eden katil, umars\u0131z duru\u015fuyla iyile\u015fememi\u015f yaray\u0131 tekrar de\u015fiyor, ate\u015fe benzin d\u00f6k\u00fcyor ve bu da \u00f6fkeye yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu ruh hali, atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6l yolculu\u011fundan ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7medi\u011fine, T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn yata\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n onlara de\u011fip de\u011fmedi\u011fine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n hepimize \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ruh hali. Diana Der Hovhannisyan\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi: \u201cHepimiz Der Zor \u00e7ocuklar\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ebeveynlerimizin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 veya anlatmad\u0131klar\u0131 hik\u00e2yelerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak an\u0131msama g\u00f6revi, haf\u0131zan\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc evlatlara aktar\u0131lmakta. Bu haf\u0131zayla y\u00fczle\u015fmek i\u00e7in kimileri ebeveynlerinin do\u011fum yerlerini ziyaret etmek, bir anlamda hac ziyaretinde bulunmak i\u00e7in Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a gidiyorlar. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda ebeveynlerinin sessiz \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n baba oca\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6nme arzusunun da ifadesi oluyor. Bu ziyaretler niyet edenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yeni bir ufuk a\u00e7makta, yeni bir aidiyet duygusu geli\u015ftirmekteler. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde bir g\u00f6revi yerine getirmi\u015f olman\u0131n tatminini ya\u015famakta. Bazen buralar\u0131n yeni sahiplerinin bilgisizli\u011fi veya ink\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor y\u00fcre\u011finde, bazen de derledi\u011fi konular ve bilgilerle zenginle\u015fip ebeveynlerinin hik\u00e2yesini yazmak konusunda daha bir kararl\u0131l\u0131k kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u201cBazen ikinci nesilde suskunlu\u011fa mahk\u00fbm olan bu etki, bir sonraki nesilde daha yo\u011fun bir ifade bulabiliyor. Evlad\u0131n unutmak istedi\u011fini torun an\u0131msamak istiyor, bu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir ger\u00e7ek. Aile ortam\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc atmosferinden kurtularak evrenselle\u015fme ortam\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini kazanan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil, k\u00f6klerini aramakta, nenesinin, dedesinin, atalar\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini \u00f6\u011frenmekte ve bunlarla gurur duymakta, milli kimli\u011fini ve aidiyetini bunlarla \u015fekillendirmekte, kendi y\u00f6ntemiyle m\u00fccadele etmekte, itiraz\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmekte ve adalet talep etmekte.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019li Ermeniler hangi \u00f6zellikleriyle Ermenistan ve diasporadaki di\u011fer Ermenilerden farkl\u0131 bir konumda bulunuyorlar?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Konumuz soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkilerinin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, sorunuza da bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inden cevap vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Yani, \u00f6zelliklerin farklar\u0131n\u0131 bu aktar\u0131m\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yorumlayaca\u011f\u0131m. ABD\u2019ye ve belli bir oranda da Avrupa\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan g\u00f6\u00e7menler, diasporan\u0131n di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7 noktalar\u0131na k\u0131yasla yerli halk\u0131n ayr\u0131mc\u0131, tahamm\u00fcls\u00fcz ve dost\u00e7a olmayan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla muhatap oldular. Bu durum, g\u00f6\u00e7menin e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle veya toplumda lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu yeri bulamamas\u0131yla daha da belirgin hale geliyordu. Bunun sonucunda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k kompleksine u\u011frayan birey, yeni \u00fclkenin yeni toplumuyla ayn\u0131la\u015fma tela\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve toplumdan ayr\u0131\u015fmamak i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7mi\u015fini gizlemeyi tercih etti.
\n1920\u2019lerde ABD\u2019deki Ermeni m\u00fclteciler getto ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcrmekteydiler. \u00dclkelerinden getirdikleri gelenekleri ve ya\u015fam \u015feklini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00c7evrelerindeki d\u00fcnyadan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam \u015fekli. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden getirdikleri disiplinle yeti\u015ftirmeye, onlar\u0131n ruhunu ve ki\u015fili\u011fini belli kal\u0131plar i\u00e7erisinde korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunun sonucu da evlatlar\u0131yla ve genel olarak d\u00fcnyayla cephele\u015fme oluyordu. \u00c7ocuklar \u00e7o\u011fu kez ebeveynlerine ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131yorlar, onlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ink\u00e2r ediyorlar, dahas\u0131 mill\u00ee kimliklerini ink\u00e2r ediyorlard\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funluk i\u00e7inde erimenin, \u00f6zellikle de anadil kayb\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019de daha b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlarda ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. D\u0131\u015far\u0131daki k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler, g\u00f6\u00e7men \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 cezbediyordu.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019da durum farkl\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, Ermenistan\u2019da t\u00fcm\u00fcyle farkl\u0131 bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Sovyet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde soyk\u0131r\u0131m an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 \u00f6nemsenirken, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla Ermeni\u2019ye ge\u00e7mi\u015finden kopmak, konu\u015fmamak, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eziyeti anlatmamak, k\u0131r\u0131ma ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne dair konu\u015fmamak dayat\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece tarihi haf\u0131za incelmi\u015f bir iplik gibi, nenelerin ve dedelerin \u00fcrkek ve temkinli anlat\u0131mlar\u0131yla nesilden nesle aktar\u0131ld\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece t\u00fcm e\u011fitim sistemini Sovyet ideolojisi \u00fczerinde in\u015fa eden e\u011fitim program\u0131na direnilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Sovyet e\u011fitimi Ermeni karakterine, mill\u00ee bilincine \u00f6zellikle de Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 alg\u0131lama y\u00f6ntemlerine \u00e7ok derin n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015ftir. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dair alg\u0131lar\u0131n ve gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n yak\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Zaten o yolday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n haf\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131 aktarma y\u00f6ntemlerine s\u0131k\u00e7a de\u011findiniz. \u0130kinci veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesillerin aktar\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in neler s\u00f6ylersiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131mda sons\u00f6z yerine gelecek nesillere uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc var. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, benim s\u00fcrekli incelememin temas\u0131d\u0131r ve e\u011fer \u00f6mr\u00fcm yeterse bu tema bir sonraki kitab\u0131m\u0131n da ana fikrini olu\u015fturacak. Ger\u00e7ekten de soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n etkilerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve nesilden nesle aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. Hatta bazen ikinci nesilde suskunlu\u011fa mahk\u00fbm olan bu etki, bir sonraki nesilde daha yo\u011fun bir ifade bulabiliyor. Evlad\u0131n unutmak istedi\u011fini torunun an\u0131msamak istedi\u011fi kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir ger\u00e7ektir. Aile ortam\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc atmosferinden kurtularak evrenselle\u015fme ortam\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini kazanan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc nesil, k\u00f6klerini aramakta, nenesinin, dedesinin, atalar\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini \u00f6\u011frenmekte ve bunlarla gurur duymakta, milli kimli\u011fini ve aidiyetini bunlarla \u015fekillendirmekte ve kendi y\u00f6ntemiyle m\u00fccadele etmekte, itiraz\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmekte ve adalet talep etmekte. Yeni nesil de atalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen ve cezas\u0131z kalan su\u00e7un s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmeyen hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor. Sadece farkl\u0131 nesiller, farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla izliyorlar ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini, kimlik ve bilin\u00e7 meselelerine farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle yakla\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Ermenice isimlerden ve anadilinden uzakla\u015fmak tarihi haf\u0131zay\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. \u00dcstelik de \u00f6zellikle bat\u0131 diasporas\u0131nda dilin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn etkin oldu\u011funu ve milli kimlik \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkilere sahip oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm halde. Her hal\u00fckarda milli kimlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fimler var. Umutla ve iyimserlikle yakla\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z yeni nesle, zira onlar k\u00f6klerini bir miras olarak koruyorlar. Bunun kan\u0131t\u0131, Ermeni ya da yar\u0131 Ermeni, Ermenice konu\u015fmayan ama Ermeni gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, bu bilin\u00e7le siyasi m\u00fccadele g\u00f6t\u00fcren gen\u00e7lerdir. Bir kat\u0131n\u0131 da, yabanc\u0131 dilde yazan yeni nesildir. Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde edebi eserler vererek halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n adil \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyuruyorlar t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya. Tarihi haf\u0131za s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmiyor zira yeni nesil an\u0131ms\u0131yor ve talep ediyor.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/yazi\/16011\/soykirimin-taniklarinin-cocuklari-felaketin-dehsetinin-de-varisleri-oldular<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vartan Estukyan Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (UCLA) Ermeni Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olan Dr. Rubina Peroomian, son kitab\u0131 \u2018The Aremnian Genocide in Literature: Second Generation Responds\u2019 (Edebiyatta Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: \u0130kinci Neslin Yank\u0131lar\u0131) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla yeniden okuyucular\u0131yla bulu\u015ftu. Peroomian, son kitab\u0131nda, gerek Ermenice, gerek \u0130ngilizce, gerek Frans\u0131zca yazan soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 ikinci neslin edebiyattaki yank\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":41336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,1,54,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, felaketin deh\u015fetinin de varisleri oldular\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=41335\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, felaketin deh\u015fetinin de varisleri oldular\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vartan Estukyan Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (UCLA) Ermeni Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olan Dr. Rubina Peroomian, son kitab\u0131 \u2018The Aremnian Genocide in Literature: Second Generation Responds\u2019 (Edebiyatta Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: \u0130kinci Neslin Yank\u0131lar\u0131) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla yeniden okuyucular\u0131yla bulu\u015ftu. Peroomian, son kitab\u0131nda, gerek Ermenice, gerek \u0130ngilizce, gerek Frans\u0131zca yazan soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131 ikinci neslin edebiyattaki yank\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor. 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