{"id":40879,"date":"2016-06-24T02:12:28","date_gmt":"2016-06-24T07:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40879"},"modified":"2016-06-24T04:37:23","modified_gmt":"2016-06-24T09:37:23","slug":"gelismis-ortacagdaki-885-1-399-ermeni-mimarisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40879","title":{"rendered":"11. Geli\u015fmi\u015f Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki (885-1.399) Ermeni mimarisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hovhannes Sanamyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Ecmiadsin, Ararat\u2019\u0131n fonunda Zvartnots, 642-662 (foto\u011fraf Z. Sarg\u0131syan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Artsakh,<\/a>
Artsakh, Ka\u015fata\u011f b\u00f6lgesi, Dsidsernavank, II.-VII y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Artsakhi\u2026, 2007, ec 19)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermenistan, 885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap boyunduru\u011funu \u00fczerinden at\u0131p, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletini yeniden kurar. Bagratuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, \u00fclkenin ekonomik ve siyasi geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in olumlu \u015fartlar tesis edilir. Eski \u015fehirler (D\u0131vin, Nakhicevan, Van, Karin) geni\u015fleyip geli\u015fir, yenileri (Ani, Kars, Lore, Kapan, Ards\u0131n, Kh\u0131lat, Manazkert ve di\u011ferleri) kurulur. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ekonomik, dini ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u015fehirler \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenir. Bagratunilerin topraklar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, Bagratunilerin egemenli\u011fine tabi di\u011fer Ermeni krall\u0131klar\u0131nda da (Vaspurakan, Ta\u015fir-Dzoraget, S\u00fcnik, Kars) yeni zanaatlar ve okullar olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Hacim ve alan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerinin, savunma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli m\u0131nt\u0131kan\u0131n sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu \u015fartlar\u0131n ileri derecede etkili kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, stratejik kav\u015faklarda kurulmu\u015f olan kaleler (Tignis, Ma\u011fasberd, Amberd, Handaberd vs.) y\u00fcksek askeri ak\u0131l ve yap\u0131 sanat\u0131 bilgisinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Artsakh,<\/a>
Artsakh, Ka\u015fata\u011f b\u00f6lgesi, Dsidsernavank, II.-VII y\u00fczy\u0131l (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler H. Sanamyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u015ftarak, Karmravor kilisesi, VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f Orta\u00e7a\u011fda, Ermeni mimarisinin yeni y\u00fckseli\u015fi, sadece Erken Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n plan ve alan-hacim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fckemmeliyete ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan geleneksel kilise tiplerinin (Makenyants manast\u0131r\u0131, Hayravank, Sevan adas\u0131ndaki Surb\/Aziz Astvadsadsin, \u015eo\u011fakavank, Ardsvanist, A\u011ftamar\u2019\u0131n Surb Kha\u00e7, Varagavank\u2019\u0131n Surb Astvadsadsin, Ani\u2019nin Surb Arakelots, Gagika\u015fen vs.) yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, bunlar m\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirilip, yeni bir geli\u015fim seviyesine (\u015eirakavan, Argina, Sanahin, Ha\u011fpat, Ke\u00e7aris, B\u0131cni, Marma\u015fen, Amberd) ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ermeni mimarlardan Manvel, T\u0131rdat, Vetsik, Minas, Po\u011fos, Siranes, Momik ve di\u011ferleri, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yeni stil \u00f6zelliklerinin, yeni uyum sisteminin, i\u00e7 alanlar\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi, d\u0131\u015f duvarlar\u0131n plastik i\u015flenmesi, zengin dekoratif s\u00fcsleme, mimarl\u0131kta yeni g\u00fczelliklerin, monumental resim sanat\u0131 ile renk \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi prensiplerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n vs. temelini atar.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Mastara, Aziz Hovhannes kilisesi, V.-VI y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Y. Asatryan, 2004, Talin b\u00f6lgesi an\u0131tlar\u0131, \u015fapki nkar\u0131 yev ec 60)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC S\u00fcnik b\u00f6lgesi, A\u011fudi, an\u0131t-mezar, V.-VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da, Ermeni sanat\u0131 ve mimarisinin geli\u015fim merkezi Ani \u015fehri olmu\u015f, dini (Katedral, Gagika\u015fen, Arakelots, P\u0131rki\u00e7, Abu\u011famrents, Honents kiliseleri), savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 (A\u015fota\u015fen ve S\u0131mbata\u015fen surlar\u0131), mimari (k\u00f6pr\u00fcler) ve d\u00fcnyevi (Paron saray\u0131, kervansaraylar, zenginlerin konaklar\u0131) y\u00fcksek sanat de\u011ferinde ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar bu \u015fehirde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

IX.-XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l Ermenistan\u2019\u0131nda, dini, toplumsal ve m\u00fc\u015ftemilat yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir dizi b\u00fcy\u00fck manast\u0131r kompleksleri (Tatev, Sevan, Hayravank, G\u0131ndevank, Kh\u0131dskonk, Marma\u015fen, Sanahin, Ha\u011fpat vs.) \u015fekillenir. XIII.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Tatev, Sanahin, Ha\u011fpat, Noravank, Ke\u00e7aris, Ha\u011fardsin, Hari\u00e7avank, Hovhannavank, Makaravank, Dadivank vs. komplekslerinin yap\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bitirilir. Ge\u011fardavank, Gandzasar, Go\u015favank, Sa\u011fmosavank, M\u0131\u015fkavank, De\u011fdznut, Khorakert, Kobayr, A\u011ftala, Khu\u00e7ap, Ne\u011futs, Kirants, Arakelots vd. manast\u0131rlar\u0131 gibi yeni dini kompleksler \u015fekillenir. Kiliselere apsit b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri (Horomos, Hayravank, Marma\u015fen), \u00e7an kuleleri (Sanahin, Ha\u011fpat, Dadivank), okullar (Sanahin, Tatev, Gladzor), k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler (Sanahin, Sa\u011fmosavank, Dadivank), prefektoryumlar (Ha\u011fardzin, Kobayr, Dadivank), \u00e7e\u015fmeler (Sanahin, Ha\u011fpat) ve farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131m ile \u00fcretim binalar\u0131 eklenir.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Ecmiadsin, Aziz Hripsime kilisesi, 618 (foto\u011fraf Z. Sarg\u0131syan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Farkl\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n ve kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lar\u0131yla \u015fekillenen manast\u0131r kompleksleri, alansal ve sanatsal, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve uyumlu, tabii ortamla son derece ahenkli mimari yap\u0131lar olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131lar ayn\u0131 zamanda, harikulade minyat\u00fcrlerle bezeli elyazmas\u0131 par\u015f\u00f6menlerin haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dinsel-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel merkezler olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Talin, d\u00f6rtk\u00f6\u015fe an\u0131t, IV.-V. y\u00fczy\u0131l, t\u00fcf (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kayalara oyulmu\u015f mahalleler, kiliseler ve mezarlar (Ge\u011fardavank, Martiros, Ani, S\u0131pitak), iki katl\u0131 kilise-mozoleler (Noravank\u2019\u0131n Burtela\u015fen, Ye\u011fvard, Kaputan), kervansaraylar (Selim, Aru\u00e7, Talin), k\u00f6pr\u00fcler (Sanahin, Ani, Arpa) vs. XI.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n yap\u0131 sanat\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn vazge\u00e7ilmez bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Kilikya Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n mimarisi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin fiziki-co\u011frafi \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131 (Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deniz ve kervan ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fme noktas\u0131), \u015fehir, kale ve konaklar\u0131n (Sis, Anarzaba, Lamb\u0131ron, \u00c7an\u00e7iberd, Kan\u00e7iberd, Levonkla, Mosd vs.) yap\u0131m\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayas ve Korikos, liman-kaleler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kilikya\u2019da, Ermenistan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131 geleneklerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp, dekoratif s\u00fcslemelerinin, mimari \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olan baz\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kiliseler (Zoravarants, Korikos, Surb Sofia, Paperon, H\u0131romkla, Adana) ve manast\u0131r kompleksleri (M\u0131li\u00e7ovank, Surb Hakob, Paperon, S\u0131kevra, D\u0131rezark, Arkayaka\u011fnu, Akner manast\u0131rlar\u0131) kurulur.<\/p>\n

Kilikya minyat\u00fcr okulu, yerel manast\u0131r komplekslerinde \u015fekillenir. Say\u0131s\u0131z par\u015f\u00f6men kitaplar, zengin renk yelpazesi ve sanatsal motiflerin ahengiyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan zengin resimlerle s\u00fcslenir.<\/p>\n

Kha\u00e7kar (ha\u00e7ta\u015f-\u00e7ev. notu<\/em>) sanat\u0131 (Sanahin, Odzun, Ge\u011fardavank, Dadivank, Go\u015favank, Noravank) yeni bir geli\u015fim d\u00fczeyine eri\u015fir. Kabartma resimlerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc kha\u00e7karlar\u0131n en nadide \u00f6rnekleri D\u0131se\u011f\u2019in \u201cKha\u00e7elutyun\u201d (\u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilme-\u00e7ev. notu<\/em>), Ha\u011fpat\u2019\u0131n \u201cAmenap\u0131rki\u00e7\u201d (kurtar\u0131c\u0131-\u00e7ev. notu<\/em>) vd. ha\u00e7karlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u011ftsk, ko\u00e7 r\u00f6lyefi, IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, pi\u015fmi\u015f tu\u011fla (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, A\u011ftsk, geyik r\u00f6lyefi, IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, pi\u015fmi\u015f kil (kaz\u0131lar H. Simonyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Lori b\u00f6lgesi, \u00c7i\u00e7khanavank, ha\u00e7kar, V.-VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, t\u00fcf (kaz\u0131lar A. Nalbantyan, foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Ecmiadsin, Zvartnots kilisesi, kemer \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcnden k\u0131s\u0131m, 642-662 (foto\u011fraf \u0130. Revazyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hovhannes Sanamyan Ermenistan, 885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap boyunduru\u011funu \u00fczerinden at\u0131p, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletini yeniden kurar. Bagratuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, \u00fclkenin ekonomik ve siyasi geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in olumlu \u015fartlar tesis edilir. Eski \u015fehirler (D\u0131vin, Nakhicevan, Van, Karin) geni\u015fleyip geli\u015fir, yenileri (Ani, Kars, Lore, Kapan, Ards\u0131n, Kh\u0131lat, Manazkert ve di\u011ferleri) kurulur. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ekonomik, dini ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u015fehirler \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenir. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":40887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermenistanin-arkeolojik-mirasi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n11. Geli\u015fmi\u015f Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki (885-1.399) Ermeni mimarisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40879\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"11. Geli\u015fmi\u015f Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki (885-1.399) Ermeni mimarisi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hovhannes Sanamyan Ermenistan, 885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap boyunduru\u011funu \u00fczerinden at\u0131p, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletini yeniden kurar. Bagratuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, \u00fclkenin ekonomik ve siyasi geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in olumlu \u015fartlar tesis edilir. Eski \u015fehirler (D\u0131vin, Nakhicevan, Van, Karin) geni\u015fleyip geli\u015fir, yenileri (Ani, Kars, Lore, Kapan, Ards\u0131n, Kh\u0131lat, Manazkert ve di\u011ferleri) kurulur. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ekonomik, dini ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131nda \u015fehirler \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenir. 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