{"id":40670,"date":"2016-06-14T04:31:31","date_gmt":"2016-06-14T09:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40670"},"modified":"2016-06-24T04:34:14","modified_gmt":"2016-06-24T09:34:14","slug":"gec-bronz-ve-erken-demir-caglarinda-m-o-1-500-800-ermenistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40670","title":{"rendered":"8. Ge\u00e7 Bronz ve Erken Demir \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 1.500-800) Ermenistan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hakob Simonyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Kotayk b\u00f6lgesi, Kara\u015famb, mezar alan\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, (kaz\u0131lar P. Avetisyan, foto\u011fraf A. Petrosyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Ge\u011farkunik b\u00f6lgesi, L\u00e7a\u015fen, \u201cg\u00fcne\u015f sistemi\u201d maketi, M.\u00d6. XI.-IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (foto\u011fraf V.Hakobyan. Armenien Wiederentdeckung einer alten Kulturlandschaft, 1995, foto 59, m\u00fcteakiben: Armenien, 1995; Au Pied, 2007, p. 82, fig. 35)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, evol\u00fcsyon geli\u015fme neticesinde, Ge\u00e7 Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu d\u00f6nem, \u015fehirlerin, kale-\u015fehirlerin ve an\u0131tsal mimarinin geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, toplumun en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyinde bulunan krallar ve kralc\u0131klar ile onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen aristokrasi ve profesyonel asker s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi, \u00fcretimde, \u00f6zellikle de metal i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi alan\u0131nda en yeni teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ilk harf \u00f6rneklerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla (Yukar\u0131 Naver, \u015eamiram, Utik) g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Kakheti (G\u00fcrcistan) de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019na, yani Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n renkli \u00e7\u00f6mleklerinin t\u00fcm yay\u0131lma alan\u0131na, Ge\u00e7 Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n standart k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yerle\u015fir. Silahlar, s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, aletler ve g\u00fcndelik e\u015fyalar, kesin bir benzerlikle, birbirlerinden y\u00fczlerce kilometre uzakl\u0131kta bulunan an\u0131tlarda tekrarlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aragadsotn\u2019da (Yukar\u0131 Naver, Medsamor, O\u015fakan, Ucan, \u015eamiram), Sevan G\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131nda (L\u0131\u00e7a\u015fen), Artsakh\u2019ta (Aracadzor), Utik\u2019te (Khanlar), Gugark\u2019ta (Vanadzor, Lori kalesi), \u015eirak\u2019ta (Horom, Hari\u00e7, Artik), Y\u00fcksek Hayk\u2019ta vs. \u00f6zellikle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc merkezler olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nda ya\u015fayan ve i\u00e7lerinde bask\u0131n olan\u0131n\u0131n Hint-Avrupa etnik unsuru oldu\u011fu \u0131rklar ve \u0131rk birliklerinin kayna\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda, ilk devlet te\u015fekk\u00fclleri olan Etiuni, Hayassa, Mittani, Armenia-\u015eubria vs. \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Lori b\u00f6lgesi, Vanadzor jeoloji m\u00fczesi, kama, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermenistan, eski d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tahkimat prensiplerinin geli\u015fip \u015fekillendi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerden biri olmu\u015ftur. Yerle\u015fim yerlerini d\u0131\u015f tehlikelerden uzak tutmak ve ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmak niyetiyle, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sur zincirleri in\u015fa etme prensibi, Ermenistan\u2019da, Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, fakat nihai olarak \u015fekillenip, geni\u015f kullan\u0131ma ula\u015fmas\u0131, ge\u00e7 Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ferek, \u201cKiklopik\u201d olarak an\u0131lan, Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne son derece has kale veya kale-\u015fehir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu yap\u0131lar 3-7 s\u0131ra \u00e7evre duvarlar\u0131na sahip olup, 40-60, baz\u0131 yerlerde ise 100 hektardan fazla alan (Motkan kalesi) kaplamaktayd\u0131. Ermenistan Y\u00fcksek Platosu\u2019nun hemen t\u00fcm alan\u0131, tabii olarak zor ula\u015f\u0131lan yerlerde, da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksek yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda, tepelerin konik zirvelerinde, \u00fc\u00e7 yandan derin u\u00e7urumlarla \u00e7evreli kara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulu s\u0131k kale-\u015fehirler a\u011f\u0131yla (birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz kale-\u015fehir bilinmektedir) \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Ge\u011farkunik b\u00f6lgesi, L\u00e7a\u015fen, cenaze arabas\u0131, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, ah\u015fap (kaz\u0131lar H. Mnatsakanyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kale-\u015fehirlerine has \u00f6zellikler, r\u00f6lyefin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, surlar\u0131n ve giri\u015flerin dikd\u00f6rtgen kalaslarla tahkim edilmesi, i\u00e7 kaleye giden yolda yedi s\u0131raya ula\u015fan surlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Duvarlar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan y\u00fckseklikleri 7 metre (T\u0131\u011fit), kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 3-6 metreye (Motkan Kalesi, Dsidsernakaberd vs.) ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0131vin ve Medsamor\u2019daki kaz\u0131larda mabet kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u0131vin\u2019deki kutsal mek\u00e2nlarda bulunan f\u0131r\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f kilden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hayvan ve geometrik r\u00f6lyefli fig\u00fcrlerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f dikd\u00f6rtgen ah\u015fap-sunaklar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00f6nmeyen ate\u015f yanmaktayd\u0131. Medsamor tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda bulunan kilden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, adorasyon (eller yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dua \u015fekli-\u00e7ev. notu<\/em>) duru\u015flu, farkl\u0131 \u00e7aplardaki andropomorf<\/em> (insan \u015fekilli-\u00e7ev. notu<\/em>) heykeller baba, anne ve o\u011ful \u00fc\u00e7lemesini temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC S\u00fcnik b\u00f6lgesi, Harjis, menhir, M.\u00d6. XVII.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dcst d\u00fczey ki\u015filerin mezarlar\u0131 50 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve 2 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ta\u015f ve toprak dolgulu mezar h\u00f6y\u00fcklerine sahiptir. Bu h\u00f6y\u00fcklerin merkezi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda dikd\u00f6rtgen planl\u0131, cephe k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 devasa t\u00fcf ta\u015f\u0131ndan ve bazalttan yontulmu\u015f, yar\u0131-yar\u0131ya toprak alt\u0131nda olan mezar odalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu mezar odalar\u0131 d\u00fcz \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f duvarlar ve kalas ile ta\u015flardan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f karma\u015f\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131n haricinde (L\u0131ca\u015fen, Yukar\u0131 Naver), yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru giderek daralan duvarlar (gizli \u00e7at\u0131) ve tek par\u00e7a ta\u015flarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc konstr\u00fcksiyonlara (Yukar\u0131 Naver, \u015eamiram) sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Mezar odalar\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 hal\u0131lar, kilimler, de\u011ferli hayvan postlar\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Mezar giri\u015fleri (dramos<\/em>), \u00f6zel olarak getirilen nehir ta\u015flar\u0131yla \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f kromlehlerden<\/em> ba\u015flayarak, e\u011fimli bir \u015fekilde mezar odalar\u0131na iner. Mezarlar\u0131n \u00e7aplar\u0131, defin arma\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131n bollu\u011fu ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi (silahlar, aletler, iktidar sembolleri), dini t\u00f6renler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fyalar, s\u00fcslemeler, g\u00fcndelik ve dini e\u015fyalar, sava\u015f arabalar\u0131, ka\u011fn\u0131lar ve katafalklar, insan, ku\u015f, aralar\u0131nda aslanlar\u0131n (Yukar\u0131 Naver) da bulundu\u011fu, \u00e7ok say\u0131da evcil ve vah\u015fi hayvan kurbanlar\u0131, burada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kral ve ba\u015frahip definlerini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Ge\u011farkunik b\u00f6lgesi, L\u00e7a\u015fen, \u00e7ift a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 kupa, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l. Pi\u015fmi\u015f kil (kaz\u0131lar H. Mnatsakanyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Arm\u00e9nie, 1996, fig. 66)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019deki I. kral mezar\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l) Babil\u2019den (s\u0131rl\u0131 kilden boncuklar), Akad\u2019dan (\u0130ran K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nden getirilen deniz kabuklular\u0131), \u00c7in\u2019den (nefrit) ithal edilen e\u015fyalar, alt\u0131n varak kapl\u0131 lider-kral maskeli madalyonlar ve yabani koyun ile hayat a\u011fac\u0131 resimleriyle s\u00fcsl\u00fc bro\u015flar (bitum<\/em>) bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu e\u015fyalar, Orta Elam sanat \u00f6rnekleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eamiram, O\u015fakan, L\u0131\u00e7a\u015fen ve di\u011fer mezar alanlar\u0131ndan 1-2 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, t\u00fcf ta\u015f\u0131ndan falluslar bulunmu\u015ftur. Mezarlar\u0131n \u00fczerine insan boyunda antropomorf<\/em> heykeller konulmaktayd\u0131. Bunlardan birinde, z\u0131rhl\u0131 bir asker (\u015eamiram) betimlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

M. \u00d6. II. biny\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndaki yuvarlak bronz heykelin \u00f6zel bir yeri vard\u0131r. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n antik sanat\u0131na has realizm, bu \u00e7a\u011fda hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran d\u0131\u015favuruma ula\u015f\u0131r. Heykelcik \u00f6rnekleri, erimi\u015f halde son derece ak\u0131c\u0131 olan bronzdan, mum kal\u0131plar i\u00e7inde d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131, bunlardan her birinin tek ve tekrarlanmayan oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bronz heykeller son derece belirgin tematik repertuara sahip olup, antropomorf<\/em> tanr\u0131lar, destan kahramanlar\u0131, tap\u0131lan hayvanlar (bo\u011fa, ke\u00e7i, geyik) ve ku\u015flar (alt\u0131n kartal, g\u00fcvercin vs.) temsil etmektedir. Heykelcikler asalar\u0131n, flamalar\u0131n ve sava\u015f arabalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine monte edilmi\u015ftir. Mitolojik s\u00fcjelerle olu\u015fturulan ve kompozisyonlar\u0131nda ritmik denge unsurunun a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 heykel gruplar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Ge\u011farkunik b\u00f6lgesi, L\u00e7a\u015fen, bo\u011fa heykelci\u011fi, M.\u00d6: XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (kaz\u0131lar H. Mnatsakanyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Au Pied, 2007, p. 67, fig. 21; U podnojiya, 2008, ris. 20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ki tekerlekli sava\u015f arabalar\u0131 maketlerinin \u00fczerindeki sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bedenlerinin duru\u015fu, bize, sava\u015f arabas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtnala gidi\u015fat\u0131 hissini vermektedir. Lori Berd heykelcikleri aras\u0131nda sakall\u0131 bir asker heykeli \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Bu, bald\u0131rlar\u0131nda gamal\u0131 ha\u00e7 (svastika<\/em>) bulunan, geni\u015f omuzlu, ince belli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bald\u0131rl\u0131 heykelcik, sanki daha sonraki d\u00f6nemdeki Yunan sanat\u0131nda kanonik<\/em> olmu\u015f erkek g\u00fczelli\u011finin temel \u00f6\u011felerini belirlemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eirakavan\u2019daki, zincirlenmi\u015f \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc vah\u015fi hayvanla (aslan) birlikte resmedilen kahraman heykelinde, kahraman ile vah\u015fi hayvan\u0131n azmanca fig\u00fcrlerini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu heykelcik, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle Ermeni efsanelerinin sevilen kahramanlar\u0131ndan aslan \u015fekilli M\u0131her\u2019i tasvir etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Erken Demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 heykelcikleri daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7aplarda olmaktad\u0131r. Minyat\u00fcr sava\u015f tanr\u0131lar\u0131, kad\u0131n, erkek, k\u00f6pek, ke\u00e7i, at, geyik ve ku\u015f heykelcikleri, kahramanlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, zarafetini, vah\u015filiklerini, atletik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 vs. betimlemektedir (Paravakar, Ayrum, Ardsvakar).<\/p>\n

Bronz kemerlerin resimlendirilmesi ise \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir sanat dal\u0131d\u0131r. Ermenistan\u2019da bulunmu\u015f olan y\u00fczlerce kemer i\u00e7inde L\u0131\u00e7a\u015fen, Stepanavan, Ast\u011fi B\u0131lur \u00f6rnekleri \u00f6zel bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Medsamor, 8 No\u2019lu mezar, Babil kral\u0131 Ulam-Buria\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tart\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131, M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, akit (kaz\u0131lar E. Khanzadyan, foto\u011fraf A. Movsesyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Geni\u015f bronz levhalar \u00fczerinde kakma tekni\u011fiyle kutsal d\u00f6llenme, efsanevi ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam ile sava\u015f ve av sahneleri resmedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki-\u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ra uzayan \u00e7am a\u011fac\u0131 ve \u201cko\u015fan halka\u201d motifleriyle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f kemer, merkezi s\u00fcje ile tamamlanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015flenmi\u015f resimler t\u00f6rensel-statik veya belirgin plastik hareketlili\u011fe sahiptir. Ger\u00e7ek tasvirlerle paralel olarak fantastik insan ve hayvan fig\u00fcrleri de \u00e7ok say\u0131da yer bulmaktad\u0131r. Geyik, ke\u00e7i, ku\u015f, gezegen, aslan y\u00fczl\u00fc insan ve boynuzlu at (tek boynuzlu) fig\u00fcrleri yayg\u0131n olmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015f arabalar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011findeki muharebe sahneleri, uzun m\u0131zraklar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck, dikd\u00f6rtgen kalkanlarla silahl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r piyade, hafif s\u00fcvari, \u00f6nc\u00fc ve art\u00e7\u0131 birliklerden olu\u015fan, o d\u00f6nem Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin yap\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir fikir vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f mezarlar\u0131ndan (Medsamor) bulunan Mezopotamya krallar\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticilerinin \u015fahsi m\u00fch\u00fcrleri, Ermenistan ordular\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerin b\u00f6lgelerinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sava\u015flar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f olup, bu \u00fclkelerden zengin ganimet getirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinin ilk ve \u00f6n a\u015famas\u0131, bu kahramanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda son bulur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Ge\u011farkunik b\u00f6lgesi, L\u00e7a\u015fen, sava\u015f arabas\u0131 maketi, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (kaz\u0131lar H. Mnatsakanyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Arm\u00e9nie, 1996, fig. 52)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Medsamor, 11 No\u2019lu mezar, kolye, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, alt\u0131n, akik (kaz\u0131lar E. Khanzadyan, foto\u011fraf A. Movsesyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Armavir b\u00f6lgesi, Medsamor, 11 No\u2019lu mezar, kral Kurigalzu\u2019nun hiyeroglif yaz\u0131l\u0131 silindir \u015feklinde m\u00fchr\u00fc, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, akik (kaz\u0131lar E. Khanzadyan, foto\u011fraf A. Movsesyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Ge\u011farkunik b\u00f6lgesi, L\u00e7a\u015fen, ku\u015f \u015feklinde tak\u0131, M.\u00d6. XIV.-XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bronz (kaz\u0131lar H. Mnatsakanyan, foto\u011fraf V. Hakobyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, IB mezar, omuz kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 tokas\u0131, M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bitum, alt\u0131n, rekonstruksiyon: g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC S\u00fcnik b\u00f6lgesi, Sisian jeoloji m\u00fczesi, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczl\u00fc tanr\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f heykeli, M.\u00d6. I. biny\u0131l, bazalt (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Arta\u015favan, kale surlar\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, M.\u00d6. XIV.-XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Ucan, Mutkan kalesi surlar\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm, M.\u00d6. XIV.-XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l (foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, IA mezar odas\u0131, M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, IA mezar, toka, M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, IB mezar, kahraman-kral maskesi, M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, bitum, alt\u0131n (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Yukar\u0131 Naver, IB mezar, kahraman-kral maskesi, M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l, rekonst\u00fcksiyon: alt\u0131n ve bronz (kaz\u0131lar ve foto\u011fraf H. Simonyan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"EC<\/a>
EC Aragadsotn b\u00f6lgesi, Ge\u011farot, mabedin genel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, M.\u00d6. XV.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l (kaz\u0131lar R. Badalyan ve A. Smit, foto\u011fraf A. Smit. Al\u0131nt\u0131: Au Pied, 2007, p. 20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakob Simonyan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, evol\u00fcsyon geli\u015fme neticesinde, Ge\u00e7 Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu d\u00f6nem, \u015fehirlerin, kale-\u015fehirlerin ve an\u0131tsal mimarinin geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, toplumun en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyinde bulunan krallar ve kralc\u0131klar ile onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen aristokrasi ve profesyonel asker s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi, \u00fcretimde, \u00f6zellikle de metal i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi alan\u0131nda en yeni teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ilk harf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":40671,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermenistanin-arkeolojik-mirasi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n8. Ge\u00e7 Bronz ve Erken Demir \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 1.500-800) Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40670\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"8. Ge\u00e7 Bronz ve Erken Demir \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda (M. \u00d6. 1.500-800) Ermenistan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hakob Simonyan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Orta Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, evol\u00fcsyon geli\u015fme neticesinde, Ge\u00e7 Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu d\u00f6nem, \u015fehirlerin, kale-\u015fehirlerin ve an\u0131tsal mimarinin geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, toplumun en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyinde bulunan krallar ve kralc\u0131klar ile onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen aristokrasi ve profesyonel asker s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi, \u00fcretimde, \u00f6zellikle de metal i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi alan\u0131nda en yeni teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ilk harf […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=40670\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-14T09:31:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-06-24T09:34:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2016\/06\/0081-Karashamb1-600x400.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=40670#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/?p=40670\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/096f1d38a12cce57fb855b485ed24c9e\"},\"headline\":\"8. 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